Libya, the full name of the Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, covers an area of ​​1,759,540 square kilometers. Located in northern Africa. It borders Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. To the north is the Mediterranean Sea. The coastline is about 1,900 kilometers long. More than 95% of the entire territory is desert and semi-desert. The average elevation of most areas is 500 meters. There are plains along the northern coast. There are no perennial rivers and lakes in the territory. Well springs are widely distributed and are the main water source. The northern coast has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with warm and rainy winters and hot and dry summers. The average temperature in January is 12°C and the average temperature in August is 26°C. In summer, it is often affected by dry and hot wind from the southern Sahara Desert (locally known as "Ghibli). Infringement, the temperature can be as high as 50℃; the average annual precipitation is 100-600 mm. The vast inland areas belong to the tropical desert climate, with dry heat and little rain, with large seasonal and day-night temperature differences, around 15℃ in January and 32 in July ℃ above; the annual average precipitation is below 100 mm; the central part of Sabha is the driest area in the world. The temperature in Tripoli is 8-16℃ in January and 22-30℃ in August.

Libya renewed in 1990 Divide administrative regions, merge the original 13 provinces into 7 provinces, and consist of 42 regions. The names of the provinces are as follows: Salala, Bayanoglu, Wudian, Sirte Bay, Tripoli, Green Mountain, Xishan.

The ancient inhabitants of Libya were Berbers, Tuaregs and Tubos. The Carthaginians invaded around the 7th century BC. The Libyans were fighting against Carthage in 201 BC A unified Numidian kingdom was established. The Romans invaded in 146 BC. The Arabs defeated the Byzantines in the 7th century and conquered the local Berbers, bringing Arab culture and Islam. The Ottoman Empire captured Tripoli in the mid-16th century Tania and Cyrenaica controlled the coastal areas. Libya became an Italian colony after the Italian-Turkish War in October 1912. At the beginning of 1943, Britain and France occupied the north and south of Libya. The British occupied the northern Tripolitani and Cyrenaica areas. , France occupied the southern Fezzan region and established a military government. After World War II, the United Nations exercised jurisdiction over all the territories of Libya. On December 24, 1951, Libya declared its independence and established the United Kingdom of Libya with a federal system. Idris King I was king. On April 15, 1963, the federal system was abolished and the country was renamed the Kingdom of Libya. On September 1, 1969, the "Free Officers Organization" led by Gaddafi launched a military coup and overthrew the Idris dynasty. , Established the Revolution Command Committee headed by Gaddafi, exercised the supreme power of the country, and declared the establishment of the Libyan Arab Republic. On March 2, 1977, Gaddafi issued the "Declaration of People’s Power", announcing that Li had entered the “people’s direct control of power”. The era of the people", abolished all class governments, established people’s congresses and people’s committees at all levels, and changed the republic to the Jamahiriya. In October 1986, the country’s name was changed.

The national flag: a horizontal rectangle with a long and The width ratio is 2:1. The flag is green without any patterns. Libya is a Muslim country, and most of its residents believe in Islam. Green is the favorite color of Islamic followers. Libyans also regard green as a symbol of revolution. , Green represents the color of auspiciousness, happiness and victory.

Libya has a population of 5.67 million (2005), mainly Arabs (approximately 83.8%), the others are Egyptians, Tunisians, and Berbers The majority of residents believe in Islam, and Sunni Muslims account for 97%. Allah Bo is the national language, and English and Italian are also spoken in major cities.

Libya is an important oil producer in North Africa, and oil is its economic lifeline and main pillar. Oil production accounts for 50-70% of GDP, and oil exports account for more than 95% of total exports. In addition to oil, natural gas reserves are also large, and other resources include iron, potassium, manganese, phosphate, and copper. The main industrial sectors are petroleum extraction and refining, as well as food processing, petrochemicals, chemicals, building materials, power generation, mining, and textiles. The area of ​​arable land accounts for about 2% of the country's total area. Food cannot be self-sufficient, and a large amount of food is imported. The main crops are wheat, barley, corn, peanuts, oranges, olives, tobacco, dates, vegetables, etc. Animal husbandry occupies an important position in agriculture. Herdsmen and semi-herders account for more than half of the agricultural population.

Main cities

Tripoli: Tripoli is the capital and largest port of Libya. It is located in the northwestern part of Libya and on the southern coast of the Mediterranean. It has a population of 2 million (2004). Tripoli has been a trading center and strategic location since ancient times. In the 7th century BC, the Phoenicians established three towns in this area, collectively called "Tripoli", which means "three cities". Later, two of them were destroyed by a major earthquake in 365 AD. Oye is in the middle. The city survived alone, went through mulberry, and developed into Tripoli today. The city of Tripoli was occupied by the Romans for 600 years before being invaded by the Vandals and ruled by Byzantium. In the 7th century, Arabs came to settle here, and since then, Arab culture has taken root here. In 1951, Libya became the capital after gaining independence.