Libiya, izina ryuzuye ry’Abasosiyalisiti Bakuru b'Abanyalibiya b'Abarabu Jamahiriya, rifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1.759.540. Iherereye mu majyaruguru ya Afurika. Irahana imbibi na Misiri mu burasirazuba, Sudani mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, Tchad na Nigeri mu majyepfo, na Alijeriya na Tuniziya mu burengerazuba. Amajyaruguru hari inyanja ya Mediterane. Inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 1.900. Kurenga 95% by'ubutaka bwose ni ubutayu n'ubutayu. Ikigereranyo cyo hejuru cy'uturere twinshi ni metero 500. Hariho ibibaya ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru. Nta nzuzi n'ibiyaga bihoraho muri kariya gace. Amariba arakwirakwizwa cyane kandi niyo soko y'amazi. Inkombe yo mu majyaruguru ifite ikirere gishyuha cya Mediterane, hamwe n'ubukonje bwinshi n'imvura hamwe n'izuba ryinshi kandi ryumye.Ubushyuhe bwo muri Mutarama ni 12 ° C naho ubushyuhe bwo muri Kanama ni 26 ° C. Mu mpeshyi, akenshi bwibasirwa n'umuyaga wumye kandi ushyushye uturuka mu butayu bwa Sahara (aho bita "Ghibli). Kurengerwa, ubushyuhe burashobora kugera kuri 50 ℃; impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka ni mm 100-600.Ibice binini byimbere mu gihugu ni ikirere cy’ubutayu gishyuha, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwumye n’imvura nkeya, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bukabije bw’ibihe n’ijoro, hafi 15 ℃ muri Mutarama na 32 muri Nyakanga Hejuru; imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka iri munsi ya mm 100; igice cyo hagati cyinama ni agace kumye ku isi. Ubushyuhe muri Tripoli ni 8-16 ℃ muri Mutarama na 22-30 ℃ muri Kanama.

Libiya yongeye kuvugururwa mu 1990 Mugabanye uturere tw’ubuyobozi, duhuze intara 13 zambere mu ntara 7, kandi zigizwe n’uturere 42. Amazina yintara ni aya akurikira: Salala, Bayanoglu, Wudian, Sirte Bay, Tripoli, Umusozi wa Green, Xishan.

Abatuye kera muri Libiya ni Berber, Tuaregs na Tubos.Abakaritaginiya bateye ahagana mu kinyejana cya 7 mbere ya Yesu. Abanyalibiya barwanaga na Carthage muri 201 mbere ya Yesu. Bimaze gushingwa ubwami bwunze ubumwe bwa Numidiya.Abaroma bateye mu 146 mbere ya Yesu. Abarabu batsinze Abanya Byzantine mu kinyejana cya 7, bigarurira Abadage baho, bazana umuco w'Abarabu n'Ubuyisilamu. Tripoli yafashwe n'Ingoma ya Ottoman hagati mu kinyejana cya 16 rwagati. Tania na Cyrenaica bagenzuraga uturere two ku nkombe.Libiya yabaye ubukoloni bw'Ubutaliyani nyuma y'intambara y'Ubutaliyani na Turukiya mu Kwakira 1912. Mu ntangiriro za 1943, Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa byigaruriye amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo ya Libiya. Abongereza bigaruriye Tripolitani na Cyrenaica mu majyaruguru. , Ubufaransa bwigaruriye akarere ka majyepfo ya Fezzan bushiraho guverinoma ya gisirikare. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Umuryango w’abibumbye wagize ububasha ku turere twose twa Libiya. Ku ya 24 Ukuboza 1951, Libiya yatangaje ubwigenge bwayo maze ishyiraho Ubwongereza bwa Libiya hamwe na gahunda rusange. Idris. Umwami wa mbere yari umwami. Ku ya 15 Mata 1963, gahunda ya federasiyo yavanyweho maze igihugu gihindurwamo ubwami bwa Libiya. Ku ya 1 Nzeri 1969, "Umuryango w’abasirikare bashinzwe ubwisanzure" uyobowe na Kadhafi watangije ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare maze uhirika ubutegetsi bwa Idriss. , Hashyizweho komite ishinzwe kuyobora impinduramatwara iyobowe na Kadhafi, ikoresha imbaraga z’ikirenga z’igihugu, kandi itangaza ko hashyizweho Repubulika y’Abarabu ya Libiya. Ku ya 2 Werurwe 1977, Kadhafi yasohoye "Itangazo ry’imbaraga z’abaturage", atangaza ko Li yinjiye mu "kugenzura abantu mu buryo butaziguye". Ibihe by'abaturage ", yavanyeho guverinoma zose z'ibyiciro, ashyiraho kongere y'abantu na komite z'abantu mu nzego zose, maze ahindura repubulika ahinduka Jamahiriya. Mu Kwakira 1986, izina ry'igihugu ryarahinduwe.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: urukiramende rutambitse rufite uburebure kandi burebure Umubare w'ubugari ni 2: 1. Ibendera ni icyatsi nta shusho. Libiya ni igihugu cy’abayisilamu, kandi benshi mu bahatuye bemera Islam. Icyatsi ni ibara rikundwa n’abayoboke ba kisilamu. Abanyalibiya na bo bafata icyatsi nk'ikimenyetso cya revolisiyo. , Icyatsi kigereranya ibara ryibyiza, umunezero nitsinzi.

Libiya ituwe na miliyoni 5.67 (2005), cyane cyane abarabu (hafi 83.8%), abandi ni Abanyamisiri, Abanyatuniziya, na Berber Abenshi mu baturage bemera Islam, kandi Abayisilamu b'Abasuni bangana na 97%. Allah Bo ni ururimi rwigihugu, kandi icyongereza nigitaliyani nacyo kivugwa mumijyi minini.

Libiya n’umusaruro w’amavuta muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, kandi peteroli ni yo mibereho y’ubukungu n’inkingi nkuru. Ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli bingana na 50-70% bya GDP, naho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na 95% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Usibye peteroli, gaze gasanzwe nayo nini, kandi mubindi bikoresho birimo ibyuma, potasiyumu, manganese, fosifate, n'umuringa. Inzego z’inganda n’inganda ni ugushakisha peteroli no kuyitunganya, ndetse no gutunganya ibiribwa, ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imiti, ibikoresho byubaka, kubyara amashanyarazi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, n'imyenda. Ubuso bwubutaka buhingwa bugera kuri 2% byubuso bwigihugu. Ibiryo ntibishobora kwihaza, kandi ibiryo byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibihingwa nyamukuru ni ingano, sayiri, ibigori, ibishyimbo, amacunga, imyelayo, itabi, amatariki, imboga, nibindi. Ubworozi bufite umwanya wingenzi mubuhinzi. Abashumba n'abashumba barenze kimwe cya kabiri cyabaturage bashinzwe ubuhinzi.

Imijyi minini

Tripoli: Tripoli ni umurwa mukuru nicyambu kinini cya Libiya. Iherereye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Libiya no ku nkombe y’amajyepfo ya Mediterane. Ifite abaturage miliyoni 2 (2004). Tripoli yabaye ikigo cyubucuruzi n’ahantu hateganijwe kuva kera. Mu kinyejana cya 7 mbere ya Yesu, Abanyafoyinike bashinze imijyi itatu muri kariya gace, hamwe bita "Tripoli", bisobanura "imigi itatu". Nyuma, ebyiri muri zo zarimbuwe n'umutingito ukomeye mu 365 nyuma ya Yesu. Oye iri hagati. Umujyi warokotse wenyine, wanyuze kugwa ugatera imbere muri Tripoli uyumunsi. Umujyi wa Tripoli wigaruriwe n’Abaroma imyaka 600 mbere yo gutera Vandals no gutegekwa na Byzantium. Mu kinyejana cya 7, abarabu baje gutura hano, kandi kuva icyo gihe, umuco w’abarabu washinze imizi hano. Mu 1951, Libiya yabaye umurwa mukuru nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge.