ILibya, igama eligcwele leGreat Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, lihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,759,540. Kutholakala enyakatho ye-Afrika. Unqamula iGibhithe empumalanga, iSudan iya eningizimu-mpumalanga, iChad neNiger ngaseningizimu, ne-Algeria neTunisia entshonalanga. Ngasenyakatho uLwandle iMedithera. Ugu lolwandle cishe lungamakhilomitha ayi-1 900 ubude. Ngaphezu kwe-95% yensimu yonke eyihlane kanye ne-semi-desert. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwezindawo eziningi ngamamitha angama-500. Kunamathafa asogwini olusenyakatho. Ayikho imifula engapheli namachibi ensimini. Iziphethu zemithombo zisakazwa kabanzi futhi ziwumthombo omkhulu wamanzi. Ugu olusenyakatho lunesimo sezulu esishisayo saseMedithera, esinobusika obufudumele nobunemvula nobusika obushisayo nobomile. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJanuwari liyi-12 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngo-Agasti lingama-26 ℃. Ehlobo, livame ukuthintwa umoya owomile futhi oshisayo ovela oGwadule oluseningizimu yeSahara (endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi "iGhibli) Ukwephula umthetho, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela kuma-50 ℃; imvula emaphakathi yonyaka ingu-100-600 mm. Izindawo ezinkulu eziphakathi nezwe zingaphansi kwesimo sezulu esishisayo sasogwadule, esinokushisa okushisayo nemvula encane, okunomehluko omkhulu wokushisa kwamasizini nobusuku, cishe ngo-15 ℃ ngoJanuwari nango-32 ngoJulayi. ℃ ngenhla; imvula emaphakathi minyaka yonke ingaphansi kuka-100 mm; ingxenye emaphakathi yeSabha iyindawo eyomile kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinga lokushisa eTripoli lingu-8-16 ℃ ngoJanuwari nango-22-30 ℃ ngo-Agasti.

ILibya ivuselelwe ngo-1990 Hlukanisa izifunda zokuphatha, uhlanganise izifundazwe zokuqala eziyi-13 zibe yizifundazwe eziyi-7, futhi ube nezifunda ezingama-42. Amagama ezifundazwe ami kanje: Salalah, Bayanoglu, Wudian, Sirte Bay, Tripoli, Green Mountain, Xishan.

Ifulegi lesizwe: unxande ovundlile nonobude obude Ububanzi besilinganiso ngu-2: 1. Ifulegi liluhlaza ngaphandle kwamaphethini. ILibya yizwe lamaSulumane, futhi iningi lezakhamizi zalo likholelwa ku-Islam. Okuhlaza umbala owuthandayo wabalandeli bamaSulumane. AbaseLibya futhi babheka okuluhlaza njengophawu lwenguquko. , Oluhlaza lumele umbala wobuhle, injabulo nokunqoba.

ILibya inabantu abayizigidi ezi-5.67 (2005), ikakhulukazi ama-Arabhu (cishe ama-83.8%), abanye bangamaGibhithe, amaTunisia, namaBerbers. Iningi lezakhamizi likholelwa kubuSulumane, kanti amaSulumane amaSunni enza u-97%. Allah UBo wulimi lukazwelonke, futhi isiNgisi nesiNtaliyane nakho kuyakhulunywa emadolobheni amakhulu.

ILibya ingumkhiqizi obalulekile kawoyela eNyakatho Afrika, kanti uwoyela uyindlela yokuphila kwezomnotho nensika enkulu. Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela kubalwa ngama-50-70% we-GDP, kanti ukuthekelisa uwoyela kuthumela ngaphezu kuka-95% wokuthekelisa okuphelele. Ngaphezu kukawoyela, izinqolobane zegesi yemvelo nazo zinkulu, kanti ezinye izinsiza zifaka i-iron, i-potassium, i-manganese, i-phosphate, ne-copper. Imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni ukukhishwa kukaphethiloli nokucwengisisa, kanye nokucubungula ukudla, ama-petrochemicals, amakhemikhali, izinto zokwakha, ukukhiqiza ugesi, izimayini nezindwangu. Indawo yomhlaba olimekayo ilinganiselwa ku-2% wendawo ephelele yezwe. Ukudla akukwazi ukuzimela, futhi inani elikhulu lokudla lingeniswa. Izitshalo ezinkulu ukolweni, ibhali, ummbila, amakinati, amawolintshi, iminqumo, ugwayi, izinsuku, imifino, njll. Ukufuya izilwane kusendaweni ebalulekile kwezolimo. Abelusi nabelusi abangaphansi kwesigamu balandisa ngaphezu kwengxenye yabantu bezolimo.

Amadolobha amakhulu

ITripoli: ITripoli iyinhloko-dolobha kanye nechweba elikhulu kunawo wonke eLibya. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeLibya nasogwini oluseningizimu yeMedithera. Inabantu abangu-2 million (2004). ITripoli ibiyisikhungo sokuhweba nendawo ehlelekile kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngekhulu lesi-7 BC, abaseFenike basungula amadolobha amathathu kule ndawo, bebonke abizwa ngokuthi "iTripoli", okusho ukuthi "amadolobha amathathu". Kamuva, amabili awo abhujiswa ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu ngo-365 AD. U-Oye uphakathi. Idolobha lasinda lodwa, ladlula ekwindla laze lakhula laba iTripoli namuhla. Idolobha laseTripoli lalihlala amaRoma iminyaka engama-600 ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yiVandals futhi labuswa yiByzantium. Ngekhulu lesi-7, ama-Arabhu eza azohlala lapha, futhi kusukela lapho, isiko lama-Arabhu laqala lapha. Ngo-1951, iLibya yaba yinhloko dolobha ngemuva kokuthola inkululeko.