Libya, dzina lonse la Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 1,759,540. Ili kumpoto kwa Africa. Imadutsa Egypt kum'mawa, Sudan kumwera chakum'mawa, Chad ndi Niger kumwera, ndi Algeria ndi Tunisia kumadzulo. Kumpoto kuli Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mphepete mwa nyanja ndi pafupifupi makilomita 1,900 kutalika. Oposa 95% ya gawo lonselo ndi chipululu komanso chipululu. Kukwera kwapakati pa madera ambiri ndi 500 mita. Pali zigwa m'mphepete mwa gombe lakumpoto. Palibe mitsinje ndi nyanja zosatha m'derali. Akasupe a zitsime amafalitsidwa kwambiri ndipo ndiwo gwero lalikulu lamadzi. Nyanja yakumpoto ili ndi nyengo yotentha ya Mediterranean, nyengo yotentha komanso yamvula komanso yotentha komanso youma. Kutentha kwapakati mu Januware ndi 12 ℃, ndipo kutentha kwapakati mu Ogasiti kumakhala 26 ℃. M'chilimwe, nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi mphepo youma komanso yotentha yochokera ku chipululu chakumwera kwa Sahara (komwe kumadziwika kuti "Ghibli) Kuphwanyidwa, kutentha kumatha kufika 50 the; mpweya wapakatikati wapachaka ndi 100-600 mm. Madera akuluakulu amkati amakhala a m'chipululu chotentha, ndi kutentha kouma ndi mvula yaying'ono, ndimasinthidwe akulu azakudya ndi usana ndi usiku, pafupifupi 15 ℃ mu Januware ndi 32 mu Julayi ℃ pamwambapa; mvula yapachaka imakhala pansi pa 100 mm; gawo lapakati la Sabha ndi malo ouma kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutentha ku Tripoli ndi 8-16 ℃ mu Januwale ndi 22-30 ℃ mu Ogasiti.

Libya idapangidwanso mu 1990 Gawani zigawo zoyang'anira, phatikiza zigawo 13 zoyambirira kukhala zigawo 7, ndikukhala ndi zigawo 42. Mayina azigawo ndi awa: Salala, Bayanoglu, Wudian, Sirte Bay, Tripoli, Green Mountain, Xishan. Anthu akale a ku Libya anali Berbers, Tuaregs ndi Tubos.A Carthaginians adagonjetsa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri BC. Ufumu wogwirizana wa Numidian unakhazikitsidwa.Aroma adalowa mu 146 BC.Arabu adagonjetsa a Byzantine m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri ndikugonjetsa ma Berbers akumaloko, kubweretsa chikhalidwe cha Aluya ndi Chisilamu.Ufumu wa Ottoman udalanda Tripoli m'ma 16th century Tania ndi Cyrenaica ankalamulira madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Libya idakhala koloni yaku Italiya pambuyo pa nkhondo yaku Italiya ndi Turkey mu Okutobala 1912. Kumayambiriro kwa 1943, Britain ndi France adalanda kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa Libya. A Britain adalanda Tripolitani ndi Cyrenaica kumpoto. , France idalanda dera lakumwera kwa Fezzan ndipo idakhazikitsa boma lankhondo. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, United Nations idalamulira madera onse aku Libya. Pa Disembala 24, 1951, Libya idalengeza ufulu wawo ndipo idakhazikitsa United Kingdom ya Libya ndi boma. Mfumu I inali mfumu. Pa Epulo 15, 1963, boma lidathetsedwa ndipo dzikolo lidasinthidwa ufumu wa Libya. Pa Seputembara 1, 1969, "Free Officer Organisation" motsogozedwa ndi Gaddafi adakhazikitsa gulu lankhondo ndikulanda lamulo la Idriss , Anakhazikitsa Revolution Command Committee motsogozedwa ndi Gaddafi, adagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu mdzikolo, ndikulengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Republic of Libyan Arab. Pa Marichi 2, 1977, Gaddafi adatulutsa "Declaration of People's Power", kulengeza kuti Li adalowa mu "kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwa anthu". Nthawi ya anthu ", adathetsa maboma onse, adakhazikitsa makhonsolo a anthu ndi makomiti aanthu m'magawo onse, ndikusintha republic kukhala Jamahiriya. Mu Okutobala 1986, dzina la dzikolo lidasinthidwa.

Mbendera yadziko: mzere wopingasa wokhala ndi mzere wautali komanso Kukula kwake kuli 2: 1. Mbendera ili yobiriwira yopanda mawonekedwe. Libya ndi dziko lachiSilamu, ndipo nzika zake zambiri zimakhulupirira Chisilamu. Green ndiye mtundu wokondedwa kwambiri wa otsatira Chisilamu. Anthu aku Libya akuwonanso kubiriwira ngati chizindikiro cha kusintha. , Green ikuyimira mtundu waulemerero, chisangalalo ndi chigonjetso.

Libya ili ndi anthu 5.67 miliyoni (2005), makamaka Aluya (pafupifupi 83.8%), enawo ndi Aigupto, Tunisia, ndi Berbers Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira Chisilamu, ndipo Asilamu a Sunni amatenga 97%. Allah Bo ndiye chilankhulo chadziko, ndipo Chingerezi ndi Chitaliyana amalankhulidwanso m'mizinda yayikulu.

Libya ndiofunikira pakupanga mafuta ku North Africa, ndipo mafuta ndiye njira yake yachuma komanso mzati waukulu. Kupanga kwamafuta kumawerengera 50-70% ya GDP, ndipo kutumizira kwamafuta kumawerengera zoposa 95% yazogulitsa zonse. Kuphatikiza pa mafuta, malo osungira gasi nawonso ndi akulu, komanso zinthu zina monga chitsulo, potaziyamu, manganese, phosphate, ndi mkuwa. Gawo lalikulu la mafakitale ndikupanga mafuta ndikuyeretsa, komanso kukonza chakudya, petrochemicals, mankhwala, zomangira, kupanga magetsi, migodi, ndi nsalu. Dera lamalo olimidwa amakhala pafupifupi 2% yadziko lonse. Chakudya sichingakhale chokwanira, ndipo chakudya chochuluka chimatumizidwa kunja. Zokolola zazikulu ndi tirigu, balere, chimanga, mtedza, malalanje, azitona, fodya, zipatso, masamba, ndi zina zambiri. Ulimi wa ziweto uli ndi udindo waukulu pa ulimi. Abusa ndi oweta ziweto amakhala oposa theka la anthu alimi.

Mizinda ikulu

Tripoli: Tripoli ndiye likulu komanso doko lalikulu kwambiri ku Libya. Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Libya komanso pagombe lakumwera kwa Mediterranean. Ili ndi anthu 2 miliyoni (2004). Tripoli wakhala malo ogulitsa komanso malo abwino kuyambira nthawi zakale. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri BC, Afoinike adakhazikitsa matauni atatu mderali, onse amatchedwa "Tripoli", kutanthauza "mizinda itatu." Pambuyo pake, iwiri mwa iwo idawonongedwa ndi chivomerezi chachikulu mu 365 AD. Oye ali pakati. Mzindawu udapulumuka wokha, udadutsa kugwa ndikukhala Tripoli lero. Mzinda wa Tripoli unkakhala ndi Aroma kwazaka 600 asanagonjetsedwe ndi a Vandals ndikulamulidwa ndi Byzantium. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, Arabu adabwera kudzakhazikika pano, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, chikhalidwe cha Aluya chayamba pano. Mu 1951, Libya idakhala likulu atalandira ufulu.