Libya, izita rakazara reGreat Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, inovhara nzvimbo inosvika 1,759,540 mativi emakiromita. Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kweAfrica. Inogumira Egypt kumabvazuva, Sudan kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Chad neNiger kumaodzanyemba, uye Algeria neTunisia kumadokero. Kuchamhembe kune Gungwa reMediterranean. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa inenge makiromita chiuru nemazana mapfumbamwe pakureba. Kupfuura 95% yenharaunda yese igwenga uye semi-renje. Ivhareji kukwirira kwenzvimbo zhinji makiromita mazana mashanu. Kune mapani achitevedza mahombekombe ekuchamhembe. Mundima iyi hamuna nzizi uye madziva asingagumi. Matsime ematsime anoparadzirwa zvakanyanya uye ndiwo sosi huru yemvura. Kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kune nzvimbo inodziya yeMediterranean, inotonhora uye inonaya uye inopisa uye yakaoma mwaka. Avhareji tembiricha muna Ndira ndeye 12 ℃, uye tembiricha yepakati muna Nyamavhuvhu ndeye 26 ℃. Muzhizha, inowanzo kanganiswa nemhepo yakaoma uye inopisa kubva kumaodzanyemba kweSahara Desert (munozivikanwa se "Ghibli) Kukanganisa, iyo tembiricha inogona kunge yakakwira se50 ℃; avhareji kunaya kwemvura pagore kuri 100-600 mm. Iyo huru nzvimbo dziri mukati megungwa ndedze tembiricha yemugwenga, nekupisa kwakaomarara uye nemvura shoma, ine mwaka mukuru neusiku-husiku tembiricha misiyano, ingangoita 15 ℃ muna Ndira uye 32 muna Chikunguru. Pamusoro; iyo yevhareji mvura inonaya iri pazasi pe100 mm; iyo yepakati chikamu cheSabha ndiyo nzvimbo yakaoma kwazvo pasi rese. Tembiricha muTripoli iri 8-16 ℃ munaNdira uye 22-30 ℃ muna Nyamavhuvhu.

Libya yakavandudzwa muna 1990 Govanisa matunhu ekutonga, sanganisa matunhu ekutanga gumi nematatu, uye matunhu makumi mana nemaviri.Mazita emapurovhinzi anotevera: Salala, Bayanoglu, Wudian, Sirte Bay, Tripoli, Green Mountain, Xishan. p>

Vagari vekare veLibya vaive maBerbers, maTuaregs nemaTubos.VaCarthaginians vakapinda munenge muzana ramakore rechinomwe BC.VaRibya vairwa neCarthage muna 201 BC Hushe hwakabatana hweNumidhiya hwakagadzwa.VaRoma vakapinda muna 146 BC MaArabu akakunda maByzantine muzana ramakore rechinomwe ndokukunda maBerbers emuno, achiunza tsika dzechiArabhu neIslam.Utoman Empire rakatora Tripoli pakati pezana ramakore regumi nematanhatu. Tania neCyrenaica vaidzora nzvimbo dziri mumahombekombe egungwa. Libya yakava nyika yeItari mushure mehondo yeItari neTurkey muna Gumiguru 1912. Pakutanga kwa1943, Britain neFrance vakapinda kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweLibya.British yakatora nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe dzeTripolitani neCyrenaica. , France yakatora nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kweFezzan ndokutanga hurumende yemauto.Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, United Nations yakapa masimba kumatunhu ese eLibya.Musi waZvita 24, 1951, Libya yakazivisa kuzvitonga kwayo ndokusimbisa United Kingdom yeLibya nehurongwa hwehurumende. Mambo I aive mambo. Musi waApril 15, 1963, hurongwa hwesangano hwakabviswa uye nyika yakapihwa zita rekuti Humambo hweLibya.Pana 1 Gunyana 1969, "Free Officer Organisation" inotungamirwa naGaddafi yakatanga bato remauto ndokupidigura mutemo weIdriss. , Yakagadza Revolution Command Committee inotungamirwa naGaddafi, yakashandisa simba guru renyika, uye yakazivisa kugadzwa kweRibya Arab Republic. Musi waKurume 2, 1977, Gaddafi akaburitsa "Kuzivisa kweVanhu Simba", achizivisa kuti Li apinda mu "kutonga kwevanhu zvakananga kwesimba". Nguva yevanhu ", yakabvisa hurumende dzese dzekirasi, yakamisa makongiresi evanhu nemakomiti evanhu pamatanho ese, uye ikashandura republic kuva Jamahiriya. Muna Gumiguru 1986, zita renyika rakashandurwa.

Mureza wenyika: yakatenderera yakatenderera ine refu uye Hupamhi hwehurefu ndi2: 1. Mureza wakasvibira usina chero mapatani. Libya inyika yeMuslim, uye vazhinji vevagari vayo vanotenda muIslam. Girinhi ndirwo runyoro rwevateveri vechiIslam. VaRibhiya vanoona zvakare girini sechiratidzo chekuchinja. , Green inomiririra ruvara rwekushuvira, mufaro uye kukunda.

Libya ine vanhu vanosvika 5.67 miriyoni (2005), kunyanya maArabu (anenge 83.8%), vamwe vacho maIgipiti, maTunisia, nemaBerbers. Ruzhinji rwevagari vanotenda muIslam, uye maSunni maMuslim anoverengera 97%. Allah Bo ndiwo mutauro wenyika, uye Chirungu neItaly zvinotaurwawo mumaguta makuru.

Libya yakakosha inogadzira mafuta muNorth Africa, uye mafuta ndiwo musimboti wezvehupfumi pamwe nembiru huru. Kugadzirwa kwemafuta maakaunzi e50-70% yeGDP, uye oiri inotumirwa kunze kwenyika inoverengera kupfuura 95% yezvose zvinotengeswa kunze. Kunze kwemafuta, gasi rechisiki rakakura zvakare, uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvinosanganisira iron, potasium, manganese, phosphate, uye mhangura. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu ndezvokuchera peturu uye kunatsa, pamwe nekugadzira chikafu, petrochemicals, makemikari, zvekuvakisa, kugadzira magetsi, kuchera, uye machira. Iyo nzvimbo yenyika inorimika inokwana nezve 2% yenzvimbo dzese dzenyika. Chikafu hachigone kuzvikwanira, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwechikafu hunounzwa kunze. Zvirimwa zvikuru igorosi, bhari, chibage, nzungu, maranjisi, maorivhi, fodya, madate, miriwo, nezvimwe. Kuchengetwa kwemhuka kune chinzvimbo chakakosha mukurima. Vafudzi uye semi-vafudzi vanoverengera inopfuura hafu yevagari vekurima.

Maguta makuru

Tripoli: Tripoli ndiro guta guru uye chiteshi chikuru cheRibhiya.Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweLibhiya uye kumahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kweMediterranean.Iine huwandu hwevanhu vanosvika mamirioni maviri (2004). Tripoli yanga iri nzvimbo yekutengesera uye nzvimbo ine hungwaru kubva panguva dzekare. Muzana ramakore rechinomwe BC, vaFenikiya vakaumba mataundi matatu munzvimbo ino, pamwe chete anonzi "Tripoli", zvinoreva kuti "maguta matatu". Gare gare, maviri acho akaparadzwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kukuru muna 365 AD. Oye ari pakati. Guta rakapona roga, rakapfuura nemubharberry, uye rikazova Tripoli nhasi. Guta reTripoli raigara nevaRoma kwemakore mazana matanhatu vasati vapindirwa nemaVandals vachitongwa neByzantium. Muzana ramakore rechinomwe, maArabu akauya kuzogara pano, uye kubvira ipapo, tsika dzeArabhu dzakadzika midzi pano. Muna 1951, Libya yakava guta guru mushure mekuwana kuzvitonga.