Nouvelle-Zélande iherereye mu majyepfo ya pasifika, hagati ya Antaragitika na ekwateri. Guhangana na Australiya hakurya y'inyanja ya Tasman iburengerazuba, Tonga na Fiji mu majyaruguru. Nouvelle-Zélande igizwe n'ikirwa cyo mu majyaruguru, ikirwa cyo mu majyepfo, ikirwa cya Stewart ndetse n'ibirwa bito bito byegeranye, bifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 270.000. Nouvelle-Zélande izwiho "icyatsi". Nubwo ako karere ari imisozi, imisozi n'imisozi bifite ubuso burenga 75% by'ubuso bwacyo bwose, ariko hano hari ikirere cyo mu nyanja giciriritse gifite itandukaniro rito ry'ubushyuhe mu bihe bine, imikurire y'ibimera ni nziza cyane, urwuri rusanzwe cyangwa imirima ifata ubutaka. kimwe cya kabiri. Amashyamba ninzuri nini bituma New Zealand iba ubwami bwatsi. Nouvelle-Zélande ikungahaye ku mashanyarazi, naho 80% by'amashanyarazi mu gihugu ni amashanyarazi. Agace k’amashyamba gafite hafi 29% yubutaka bwigihugu, kandi ibidukikije ni byiza cyane. Ikirwa cyo mu majyaruguru gifite ibirunga byinshi n'amasoko ashyushye, kandi ikirwa cyo mu majyepfo gifite ibibarafu n'ibiyaga byinshi.

Nouvelle-Zélande igabanijwemo uturere 12, hamwe n’inzego z’ubuyobozi 74 zo mu karere (harimo amazu 15 y’umujyi, inama njyanama z’uturere 58 n’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’ibirwa bya Chatham). Uturere 12 ni: Amajyaruguru, Auckland, Waikato, Ikigobe Cyinshi, Ikigobe cya Hawke, Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, Banki y'Iburengerazuba, Canterbury, Otago na Southland.

Abamori ni bo ba mbere batuye muri Nouvelle-Zélande. Mu kinyejana cya 14 nyuma ya Yesu, Maori yaje muri Nouvelle-Zélande avuye muri Polynesia gutura maze aba abaturage ba mbere bo muri Nouvelle-Zélande. Bakoresheje ijambo rya Polineziya \ "aotearoa \" kugira ngo bakore izina ryaryo, risobanura "ikibanza kibisi gifite ibicu byera." Mu 1642, umusare w’Ubuholandi Abel Tasman yageze hano maze ayita "New Zeeland". Kuva mu 1769 kugeza 1777, Kapiteni w’Ubwongereza James Cook yasuye Nouvelle-Zélande inshuro eshanu gukora ubushakashatsi no gushushanya amakarita. Nyuma yibyo, Abongereza bimukiye aha hantu ari benshi kandi batangaza ko bigaruriye Nouvelle-Zélande, bahindura izina ry’Ubuholandi "New Zeeland" rihinduka Icyongereza "New Zealand". Mu 1840, Ubwongereza bwinjije iki gihugu ku butaka bw'Ingoma y'Ubwongereza. Mu 1907, Ubwongereza bwemeye ubwigenge bwa Nouvelle-Zélande maze buba ubwiganze bwa Commonwealth. Politiki, ubukungu na diplomasi byari bikigenzurwa n’abongereza. Mu 1931, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza yemeje itegeko rya Westminster.Nkurikije iki gikorwa, Nouvelle-Zélande yabonye ubwigenge busesuye mu 1947 kandi ikomeza kuba umunyamuryango wa Commonwealth.

Ibendera ryigihugu: Ni urukiramende rutambitse rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 2: 1. Ubutaka bwibendera ni ubururu bwijimye, ibumoso bwo hejuru ni umutuku n'umweru "metero" yerekana ibendera ry’Ubwongereza, naho iburyo ifite inyenyeri enye zitukura zitanu-zifite imipaka yera.Inyenyeri enye zitunganijwe mu buryo butemewe. Nouvelle-Zélande ni umunyamuryango wa Commonwealth y’ibihugu. Imiterere "umuceri" itukura n’umweru yerekana umubano gakondo n’Ubwongereza; inyenyeri enye zerekana umusaraba w’Amajyepfo, byerekana ko iki gihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’isi, kandi kigaragaza ubwigenge n’icyizere.

Nouvelle-Zélande ituwe na miliyoni 4.177 (Werurwe 2007). Muri bo, abakomoka ku bimukira b’i Burayi bangana na 78.8%, Maori bangana na 14.5%, Abanyaziya bangana na 6.7%. 75% by'abaturage baba mu kirwa cya ruguru. Abaturage bo mu gace ka Auckland bangana na 30.7% by'abaturage bose b'igihugu. Abatuye Wellington, umurwa mukuru, bangana na 11% by'abatuye iki gihugu. Auckland n'umujyi utuwe cyane muri iki gihugu; Christchurch ku kirwa cyo mu majyepfo ni umujyi wa kabiri munini mu gihugu. Indimi zemewe ni Icyongereza na Maori. Icyongereza rusange, Maori bavuga Maori. 70% by'abaturage bemera abaporotesitanti n'abagatolika. / Imwe. Nouvelle-Zélande kandi ni yo nini ku isi ikora velheti nini kandi ikora ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, umusaruro wabyo ukaba ufite 30% by'umusaruro rusange ku isi. Amabuye y'agaciro arimo cyane cyane amakara, zahabu, ubutare bw'icyuma, gaze karemano, kimwe na feza, manganese, tungsten, fosifate, na peteroli, ariko ibigega ntabwo ari binini. Ibigega bya peteroli ni toni miliyoni 30 naho ububiko bwa gaze ni metero kibe miliyari 170. Umutungo w’amashyamba ni mwinshi, ufite ubuso bw’amashyamba bungana na hegitari miliyoni 8.1, bingana na 30% by’ubutaka bw’igihugu, muri bwo hegitari miliyoni 6.3 ni amashyamba karemano na hegitari miliyoni 1.8 ni amashyamba y’ubukorikori.Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru ni ibiti, ibiti bizunguruka, ibiti, impapuro n'imbaho. Ibicuruzwa byinshi byuburobyi.

Inganda za Nouvelle-Zélande yiganjemo gutunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi, amashyamba n’ubworozi, cyane cyane inganda zoroheje nk’amata y’amata, ibiringiti, ibiryo, vino, uruhu, itabi, impapuro n’ibiti bitunganywa, kandi ibicuruzwa ahanini byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ubuhinzi bukoreshwa cyane. Ibihingwa nyamukuru ni ingano, sayiri, oati n'imbuto. Ibiryo ntibishobora kwihaza kandi bigomba gutumizwa muri Ositaraliya. Inganda z’ubworozi zateye imbere nizo shingiro ryubukungu bwa Nouvelle-Zélande. Ubutaka bwo korora ni hegitari miliyoni 13.52, bingana na kimwe cya kabiri cyubutaka bwigihugu. Ibikomoka ku mata ninyama nibicuruzwa byingenzi byoherezwa hanze. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ubwoya bworoshye biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, bingana na 25% by’umusaruro ku isi. Nouvelle-Zélande ikungahaye ku burobyi kandi ni kane mu karere ka kane mu bukungu bwihariye ku isi.Ubushobozi bwo kuroba bwa kilometero 200 z’ubukungu bwihariye ni toni 500.000 ku mwaka. Nouvelle-Zélande ifite ibidukikije byiza, ikirere gishimishije, ibyiza nyaburanga, hamwe n’ubukerarugendo bukorerwa mu gihugu hose. Imiterere y'ubuso bwa Nouvelle-Zélande yuzuye impinduka.Ikirwa cyo mu majyaruguru gifite ibirunga byinshi n'amasoko ashyushye, kandi ikirwa cyo mu majyepfo gifite ibibarafu n'ibiyaga byinshi. Muri byo, imiterere idasanzwe y’umusozi wa Ruapehu mu kirwa cy’amajyaruguru hamwe n’ibirunga 14 bikikije bigize agace kadasanzwe k’ibirunga geothermal anomaly ku isi. Hano hari amasoko arenga 1.000 yubushyuhe bwo hejuru ya geothermal yatanzwe hano. Ubu buryo butandukanye bwamasoko abira, fumarole, ibyuzi bitetse hamwe na geyers bigira igitangaza gikomeye cya Nouvelle-Zélande. Amafaranga yinjira mu bukerarugendo agera kuri 10% ya GDP muri Nouvelle-Zélande, kandi ni yo nganda ya kabiri mu bihugu byinjiza amadovize nyuma y’ibikomoka ku mata.

Wellington: Umurwa mukuru wa Nouvelle-Zélande, Wellington (Wellington) uherereye mu majyepfo y’izinga ry’amajyaruguru ya Nouvelle-Zélande, uniga umuhogo w’inzira ya Cook. Azengurutswe n'imisozi y'icyatsi ku mpande eshatu, areba inyanja ku ruhande rumwe, kandi afashe Port Nicholson mu maboko. Umujyi wose wuzuye ibimera, ikirere ni cyiza, kandi ibihe bine bimeze nkimpeshyi. Wellington iherereye ahantu hacuramye. Usibye ubutaka bunini hafi yinyanja, umujyi wose wubatswe kumisozi. Umutingito ukomeye mu 1855 wangije cyane icyambu. Wellington ubu yongeye kubakwa nyuma ya 1948. Abaturage 424.000 (Ukuboza 2001).

Mu kinyejana cya 10 nyuma ya Yesu, Abanyapolineziya batuye hano. Nyuma yuko Ubwongereza bumaze gusinyana amasezerano n’umukurambere wa Maori waho mu 1840, umubare munini w’abimukira b’abongereza baje hano. Mu mizo ya mbere, Abongereza bise aho hantu "Britania", bisobanura "ahantu mu Bwongereza". Nyuma yaho, umujyi wagutse buhoro buhoro kugeza ubu. Uyu mujyi witiriwe Duke wa Wellington, inyenyeri yo mu Bwongereza yatsinze Napoleon mu 1815, itorwa nk'umurwa mukuru mu 1865.

Wellington ni ikigo cya politiki, inganda n’imari bya Nouvelle-Zélande. Icyambu cya Nicholson muri Wellington nicyo cyambu cya kabiri kinini mu gihugu nyuma ya Auckland, kandi gishobora gutwara amato ya toni 10,000.

Wellington ni ahantu hazwi cyane mu bukerarugendo mu nyanja ya pasifika. Inyubako za kera zabitswe muri uyu mujyi zirimo inyubako ya leta yubatswe mu 1876. Ni imwe mu nyubako nziza cyane z’ibiti muri Pasifika y'Amajyepfo, Katedrali ikomeye ya Paul yubatswe mu 1866, na salle yumujyi yubatswe mu 1904. Urwibutso ruzwi cyane rw'intambara rwubatswe mu 1932. Kuri karillon hari inzogera 49. Inzogera zanditsweho amazina y'Abanya New Zealand bo muri Nouvelle-Zélande bitabiriye iyo ntambara mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose. Hariho umusozi mwiza wa Victoria mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bw’Umujyi wa Wellington, n’ishyamba ry’ubukorikori rya Caingaro mu majyaruguru y’umusozi wa Victoria.Ufite ubuso bwa hegitari 150.000 kandi ufite uburebure bwa kilometero zirenga 100. Ni rimwe mu mashyamba manini manini ku isi.

Auckland: Umujyi munini wa Nouvelle-Zélande n’icyambu kinini, Auckland (Auckland) uherereye kuri Auckland Isthmus ifunganye hagati y’ikirwa cya Waitemata n’icyambu cya Manakao ku kirwa cy’amajyaruguru ya Nouvelle-Zélande. Ubugari bwa kilometero 26 gusa. Umujyi wose wubatswe ku ivu ryibirunga, kandi hari hafi 50 y’ibirunga n’imisozi y’ibirunga yazimye muri kariya gace. Auckland ifite ikirere cyoroheje n’imvura nyinshi.Ikibaya cy’uruzi rwa Waikato mu majyepfo y’umujyi ni kamwe mu turere tw’abashumba bakize muri Nouvelle-Zélande. < Auckland ifite ubwikorezi bworoshye kandi ni ihuriro ry’ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja n’ikirere. Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi n’imihanda ihuza ibice byose by’igihugu. Igipimo cy’ibyambu n’ibisohoka ni byo bya mbere mu gihugu. Inzira zerekeza muri pasifika yepfo, Aziya y’iburasirazuba, ndetse n’ibihugu byinshi cyangwa uturere twinshi mu Burayi na Amerika. Hano hari ikibuga mpuzamahanga kinini muri iki gihugu muri Mangele. Ibigo by’umuco nyamukuru mu mijyi birimo Inzu Ndangamurage y’Urwibutso rw’Intambara, Ubugeni bw’Umujyi wa Auckland, Isomero rusange, Kaminuza ya Auckland, City Hall n’Amashuri makuru. Hano hari inyanja, amasomo ya golf, stade, parike hamwe n’ahantu harinzwe ho koga no koga.

Auckland numujyi mwiza wubusitani hamwe ninganda zubukerarugendo zateye imbere. Hano hari parike nini ya safari muri Parike y’Amajyepfo ya Pasifika-Auckland, ikibuga kinini cyo muri Nouvelle-Zélande "Umukororombya Wonderland", uruganda rwenga divayi ihumura neza, hamwe n "" isi yo mu mazi "ihuza ibimera n’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja. Hano harerekanwa abakurambere ba Maori. Inzu ndangamurage y’ubukorikori y’Ubushinwa nayo ifite inzu ndangamurage igezweho yerekana iterambere rishya mu bwikorezi n’ikoranabuhanga. Icyambu cya Waitemata na Manakau Harbour, kizengurutse Auckland, ni ahantu hazwi cyane mu bikorwa byo kugenda mu nyanja. Buri wikendi, mukigobe cyubururu, ubwato bugenda hamwe nubwato butandukanye bwamato hejuru yinyanja. Kubwibyo, Auckland azwiho "umujyi wubwato".