INew Zealand itholakala eningizimu yePacific, phakathi kwe-Antarctica ne-equator. Ebheke e-Australia enqamula uLwandle iTasman entshonalanga, iTonga neFiji ngasenyakatho. INew Zealand yakhiwe yiNorth Island, iSouth Island, iStewart Island nezinye iziqhingi ezincane eziseduze, ezihlanganisa indawo engaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angama-270,000. INew Zealand yaziwa "ngokuluhlaza" kwayo. Noma le ndawo inezintaba, izintaba namagquma kubalwa ngaphezu kuka-75% wendawo yonke, kepha nansi isimo sezulu sasolwandle esipholile, esinomehluko omncane wokushisa kulezi zikhathi ezine, ukukhula kwezitshalo kukhulu kakhulu, amadlelo emvelo noma amapulazi ahlala endaweni yomhlaba. uhhafu. Amahlathi namadlelo amakhulu enza iNew Zealand ibe ngumbuso oluhlaza okotshani. INew Zealand icebile ngemithombo yamandla kagesi, kuthi u-80% kagesi wezwe uphehlwa ngamanzi. Indawo yehlathi ibalelwa ku-29% womhlaba wezwe, futhi imvelo imnandi kakhulu. Isiqhingi saseNyakatho sinezintaba-mlilo eziningi neziphethu ezishisayo, kanti iSouth Island inezinguzunga zeqhwa namachibi amaningi.

INew Zealand ihlukaniswe izifunda eziyi-12, nezinhlangano zokuphatha zezifunda ezingama-74 (kufaka phakathi amahholo amadolobha ayi-15, imikhandlu yezifunda engu-58 nePhalamende Leziqhingi laseChatham). Izifunda eziyi-12 yilezi: INorthland, Auckland, Waikato, Plenty Bay, Hawke's Bay, Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, West Bank, Canterbury, Otago neSouthland.

AmaMaori ayengabahlali bokuqala baseNew Zealand. Ngekhulu le-14 AD, amaMaori afika eNew Zealand esuka ePolynesia azohlala futhi aba yizakhamizi zokuqala zaseNew Zealand. Basebenzisa igama lesiPolynesia \ "aotearoa \" ukwenza igama lalo, elisho ukuthi "indawo eluhlaza enamafu amhlophe." Ngo-1642, itilosi laseDashi u-Abel Tasman wafika lapha walibiza ngokuthi "iNew Zeeland". Kusukela ngo-1769 kuya ku-1777, uKaputeni waseBrithani uJames Cook waya eNew Zealand amahlandla ayisihlanu ukuyohlola nokudweba amabalazwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, abaseBrithani bafudukela kule ndawo ngamanani amakhulu futhi bamemezela ukuhlala kweNew Zealand, bashintsha igama lesiqhingi lesiDashi elithi "New Zeeland" laba ngesiNgisi "New Zealand". Ngo-1840, iBrithani yafaka leli zwe endaweni yoMbuso WaseBrithani. Ngo-1907, iBrithani yavuma inkululeko yaseNew Zealand futhi yaba ngumbuso weCommonwealth.Izombusazwe, ezomnotho kanye nezokuxhumana zazisengaphansi kweBrithani. Ngo-1931, iPhalamende laseBrithani laphasisa umthetho iWestminster Act. Ngokwalo mthetho, iNew Zealand yathola inkululeko ephelele ngo-1947 futhi ihlala iyilungu leCommonwealth.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Ngunxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-2: 1. Umhlabathi wefulegi uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, phezulu kwesobunxele yiphethini elibomvu nelimhlophe "lemitha" lefulegi laseBrithani, kanti ilungelo linezinkanyezi ezine ezibomvu ezinamachopho amahlanu ezinemingcele emhlophe. Izinkanyezi ezine zihlelwe ngokulingana. INew Zealand iyilungu leCommonwealth of Nations. Amaphethini abomvu namhlophe "erayisi" akhombisa ubudlelwano bendabuko ne-United Kingdom; izinkanyezi ezine zimele iSouthern Cross, okukhombisa ukuthi izwe liseningizimu yezwe, futhi lifanekisela ukuzimela nethemba.

INew Zealand inabantu abayizigidi eziyi-4.177 (Mashi 2007). Phakathi kwabo, inzalo yabafuduki baseYurophu ibinama-78.8%, amaMaori abengu-14.5%, kanti abase-Asia bangu-6.7%. Ama-75% wabantu ahlala eNorth Island. Isibalo sabantu bendawo yase-Auckland sibalwa ngama-30.7% enani labantu ezweni lonke. Inani labantu baseWellington, inhlokodolobha, libala cishe i-11% yenani labantu ezweni. I-Auckland idolobha elinabantu abaningi ezweni; IChristchurch eSouth Island idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu ezweni. Izilimi ezisemthethweni yisiNgisi nesiMaori. I-General English, isiMaori sikhuluma isiMaori. Izakhamizi ezingama-70% zikholelwa kubuProthestani kanye nobuKhatholika.

I-New Zealand yizwe elithuthukile ngokomnotho, futhi ukufuywa kwezilwane kuyisisekelo somnotho wayo.Ukuthunyelwa kwangaphandle kweNew Zealand kwemikhiqizo yezolimo nemfuyo kubalwa ngama-50% okuphelele okuthekelwayo, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwayo kwenyama yegusha, imikhiqizo yobisi kanye nenani loboya obumahhadla obunguNombolo 1 emhlabeni. Eyodwa. INew Zealand futhi ingumkhiqizi futhi othumela izinto ngaphandle komhlaba ngobukhulu emhlabeni, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwayo kubalwa ngamaphesenti angama-30 omkhiqizo ophelele emhlabeni. Izimbiwa zifaka ikakhulu amalahle, igolide, insimbi, igesi yemvelo, kanye nesiliva, i-manganese, i-tungsten, i-phosphate, ne-petroleum, kepha izinqolobane azizinkulu. Kunamathani ayizigidi ezingama-30 ezinqolobane kawoyela kanye nama-cubic metre ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-170 zemithombo yegesi yemvelo. Izinsizakusebenza zehlathi ziningi, zinendawo eyihlathi engamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-8.1, ebalwa ngama-30% omhlaba wezwe, lawo amahektha ayizigidi ezingama-6.3 angamahlathi emvelo namahektha ayi-1.8 million angamahlathi okwenziwa. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko izingodo, izingodo eziyindilinga, uginindela wokhuni, iphepha namapulangwe. Imikhiqizo eminingi yokudoba.

Imboni yaseNew Zealand ilawulwa ukucutshungulwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, amahlathi kanye nemfuyo, ikakhulukazi izimboni ezilula ezifana nemikhiqizo yobisi, izingubo zokulala, ukudla, iwayini, isikhumba, ugwayi, ukucubungula iphepha namapulangwe, kanti imikhiqizo eyenzelwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ezolimo zenziwa ngomshini omkhulu. Izitshalo ezinkulu ukolweni, ibhali, i-oats nezithelo. Ukudla akukwazi ukuzimela futhi kudinga ukungeniswa kusuka e-Australia. Imboni yemfuyo ethuthukile iyisisekelo somnotho waseNew Zealand. Indawo yokufuya imfuyo ingamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-13.52, okubalwa kuyo ingxenye yendawo yomhlaba. Imikhiqizo yobisi nenyama yimikhiqizo emisha yokuthumela ngaphandle ebaluleke kakhulu. Umthamo wokuthekelisa woboya obuqatha ubeka kuqala emhlabeni, ubala ama-25% wokukhishwa okuphelele komhlaba. INew Zealand icebile ngemikhiqizo yokudoba futhi iyindawo yezomnotho ekhethekile yesine emhlabeni.Amandla okudoba endawo yezomnotho ekhethekile engamakhilomitha angama-200 angamathani angama-500,000 ngonyaka. INew Zealand inemvelo entsha, isimo sezulu esimnandi, ubuhle bendawo, nezindawo zokuvakasha ezweni lonke. Izwe laseNew Zealand ligcwele izinguquko.Isiqhingi saseNyakatho sinentaba-mlilo eminingi neziphethu ezishisayo, kanti iSouth Island inezinguzunga zeqhwa namachibi amaningi. Phakathi kwazo, ukwakheka komhlaba okuyingqayizivele kweNtaba iRuapehu eNyakatho Isiqhingi nezintaba-mlilo eziyi-14 ezizungezile kwakha indawo engavamile yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo emhlabeni. Kunemithombo engaphezu kuka-1 000 yemithombo yokushisa ephezulu esatshalaliswa lapha. Lezi zinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithombo ebilayo, i-fumaroles, amachibi abilayo odaka kanye nama-geyser enza isimanga esikhulu seNew Zealand. Imali engenayo yezokuvakasha ibalelwa ku-10% we-GDP yaseNew Zealand, futhi iyimboni yesibili ngobukhulu yokuthola imali yamanye amazwe ngemuva kwemikhiqizo yobisi.

I-Wellington: Inhlokodolobha yaseNew Zealand, iWellington (iWellington) itholakala echosheni eliseningizimu kakhulu yeNyakatho yesiqhingi saseNew Zealand, iminyanisa umphimbo weCook Strait. Uzungezwe amagquma aluhlaza ezinhlangothini ezintathu, abheke olwandle ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi uphethe iPort Nicholson ezandleni zakhe. Idolobha lonke ligcwele umoya ohlaza, ohlanzekile, nentwasahlobo unyaka wonke. IWellington isendaweni enamaphutha.Ngaphandle komhlaba oyisicaba oseduze nolwandle, lonke idolobha lakhiwe ezintabeni. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu ngo-1855 kwalimaza kabi leli chweba. I-Wellington manje yakhiwa kabusha ngemuva kuka-1948. Inani labantu abangama-424,000 (Disemba 2001).

Ngekhulu le-10 AD, abasePolynesia bahlala lapha. Ngemuva kokuthi iBrithani isayine isivumelwano nokhokho bendawo waseMaori ngo-1840, inani elikhulu labantu baseBrithani abafika lapha. Ekuqaleni, abaseBrithani babiza le ndawo ngokuthi "Britania", okusho ukuthi "indawo yaseBrithani." Kamuva, leli dolobha lakhuliswa kancane kancane laba yisilinganiso samanje. Leli dolobha laqanjwa ngoMbusi waseWellington, inkanyezi yaseBrithani eyahlula uNapoleon ngo-1815, futhi yaqokwa njengenhlokodolobha ngo-1865.

IWellington iyisikhungo sikazwelonke sezepolitiki, sezimboni nezezezimali eNew Zealand. Itheku laseNicholson eWellington liyitheku lesibili ngobukhulu ezweni ngemuva kwe-Auckland, futhi lingathola imikhumbi engamathani ayi-10 000.

IWellington yindawo edumile yezivakashi ePacific Ocean. Izakhiwo zasendulo ezigcinwe kuleli dolobha zifaka phakathi isakhiwo sikahulumeni esakhiwa ngo-1876, okungesinye sezakhiwo zamapulangwe ezinhle kakhulu eSouth Pacific, iPaul Cathedral ebabazekayo eyakhiwe ngo-1866, nehholo ledolobha elakhiwa ngo-1904. Isikhumbuzo sempi esidumile sakhiwa ngo-1932. Kunezinsimbi ezingama-49 ku-carillon.Izinsimbi zibhalwe amagama abantu baseNew Zealand ababamba iqhaza empini phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Kunentaba ebabazekayo yaseVictoria eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeWellington City, kanye neCaingaro National Artificial Forest esenyakatho neVictoria Mountain.Ihlanganisa indawo engamahektha ayi-150 000 futhi inwebeka ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100. Lingelinye lamahlathi amakhulu enziwe emhlabeni.

I-Auckland: Idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke netheku elikhulu kunawo wonke lase-New Zealand, i-Auckland (Auckland) lisendaweni encane yase-Auckland Isthmus phakathi kwe-Waitemata Bay neManakao Port eNorth Island yaseNew Zealand. Ingamakhilomitha angama-26 kuphela ububanzi. Idolobha lonke lakhiwe ngomlotha wentaba-mlilo, futhi kunemibhobho nezintaba ezingaba ngu-50 eseziphelile kule ndawo. I-Auckland inesimo sezulu esipholile nemvula eningi.I-Waikato River Basin eningizimu yedolobha ingenye yezindawo ezicebile kakhulu zabelusi eNew Zealand.

I-Auckland iyisizinda esikhulu sezimboni eNew Zealand, kufaka phakathi izingubo, izindwangu, ukudla, izinto zikagesi, ifenisha, insimbi, njll, kanye nezinto zokwakha, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi nezimboni zokwenza ushukela. I-Auckland inokuthuthwa okulula futhi iyisizinda sokuthuthwa kwezilwandle nezindiza kuzwelonke. Ojantshi nemigwaqo emikhulu ixhunywe kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe. Isikali setheku kanye nokuhamba kungokwokuqala ezweni. Imizila iholela eSouth Pacific, eMpumalanga ye-Asia, nasemazweni amaningi noma ezifundeni zaseYurophu naseMelika. Kunesikhumulo sezindiza samazwe esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni eMangele. Izikhungo eziyinhloko zamasiko kuleli dolobha zifaka phakathi iWar Memorial Museum, i-Auckland City Art Gallery, Umtapo Wezincwadi Womphakathi, i-Auckland University, iCity Hall, kanye namaKolishi Othisha. Kunamabhishi, izinkundla zegalofu, izinkundla zemidlalo, amapaki nezindawo ezivikelwe zokubhukuda nokuntweza phezu kwamanzi.

I-Auckland yidolobha elihle lengadi elinomkhakha wezokuvakasha othuthukile. Kukhona ipaki enkulu kunazo zonke eSouth Pacific-Auckland Lion Park, inkundla yokudlala enkulu kunazo zonke eNew Zealand "iRainbow Wonderland", indawo yokuphuza utshwala enewayini elinephunga elimnandi, kanye "nomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi" ohlanganisa izitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane zasendle. Kukhona imibukiso evela kokhokho baseMaori. I-Handicrafts History Museum yaseChina nayo inemnyuziyamu yesimanje ekhombisa intuthuko entsha kwezokuhamba nakwezobuchwepheshe. I-Waitemata Harbour neManakau Harbor, ezungeze i-Auckland, yizindawo ezithandwayo zokuhamba ngomkhumbi olwandle. Njalo ngempelasonto, ethekwini eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izikebhe zokuhamba ngomkhumbi ezinoseyili abanemibala ehlukahlukene olwandle. Ngakho-ke, i-Auckland inegama "ledolobha lamaseyili".