New Zealand inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwePacific, pakati peAntarctica nequator. Takatarisana neAustralia kuyambuka Gungwa reTasman kumadokero, Tonga neFiji kuchamhembe. New Zealand inoumbwa neNorth Island, South Island, Stewart Island uye zvimwe zviwi zvidiki padyo, inovhara nzvimbo inopfuura 270,000 mativi emakiromita. New Zealand inozivikanwa ne "green" yayo. Kunyange hazvo nzvimbo iyi iine makomo, makomo nemakomo zvinopfuura zvinopfuura 75% yenharaunda yayo yese, asi heino mamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro, ane tembiricha shoma musiyano mumwaka mina, kukura kwezvirimwa kwakasvibira, mafuro epanyama kana mapurazi anogara munzvimbo yepasi. hafu. Masango akakura nemafuro anoita kuti New Zealand ive hushe chaihwo hwegirinhi. New Zealand yakapfuma mune magetsi emagetsi, uye 80% yemagetsi emunyika i hydropower. Nzvimbo yesango inosvika 29% yenharaunda yenyika, uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza yakanaka kwazvo. Chitsuwa cheNorth chine makomo mazhinji uye matsime anopisa, uye iyo South Island ine mazaya mazhinji echando nemakungwa.

New Zealand yakakamurwa kuita matunhu gumi nemaviri, iine makumi manomwe neshanu manejimendi ekumisikidza (kusanganisira gumi nemashanu dzimba dzemaguta, makanzuru makumi mashanu nemasere uye Chatham Islands Paramende). Matunhu gumi nemaviri ari: Northland, Auckland, Waikato, Plenty Bay, Hawke's Bay, Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, West Bank, Canterbury, Otago neSouthland.

VaMaori ndivo vakatanga kugara muNew Zealand. Muzana ramakore regumi nemana AD, Maori akauya kuNew Zealand achibva kuPolynesia kuzogara ndokuva vagari vekutanga muNew Zealand.Vakashandisa izwi rePolynesia \ "aotearoa \" kugadzira zita rayo, zvinoreva kuti "girini nzvimbo ine makore machena." Muna 1642, mufambisi wengarava wechiDutch Abel Tasman akasvika pano akaitumidza "New Zeeland". Kubva muna 1769 kusvika 1777, Mutungamiriri weBritish James Cook akaenda kuNew Zealand kashanu kunoongorora nekutara mepu. Mushure meizvozvo, maBritish akatamira munzvimbo ino muhuwandu uye akazivisa kugara kweNew Zealand, achichinja zita rechitsuwa cheDutch "New Zeeland" kuenda kuChirungu "New Zealand". Muna 1840, Britain yaisanganisira nyika iyi munzvimbo yeBritain Humambo. Muna 1907, Britain yakabvuma rusununguko rweNew Zealand ikava hutongi hweCommonwealth.Zvematongerwo enyika, hupfumi, uye kudyidzana kwaive kuchiri pasi peBritish. Muna 1931, Paramende yeBritish yakapa Mutemo weWestminster. Zvinoenderana nechiitiko ichi, New Zealand yakawana kuzvitonga kuzere muna 1947 uye inoramba iri nhengo yeCommonwealth.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatenderera yakatenderera ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe2: 1. Iyo mureza ivhu rakasviba bhuruu, yekumusoro kuruboshwe ndiyo tsvuku uye chena "mita" pateni yemureza weBritish, uye kurudyi kune ina tsvuku ina-dzakatarisana nyeredzi dzine machena machena. Nyeredzi ina dzakarongedzwa asymmetrically. New Zealand inhengo yeCommonwealth yeMarudzi.Mhando dzvuku uye chena "mupunga" dzinoratidza hukama hwetsika neUnited Kingdom; nyeredzi ina dzinomiririra Southern Cross, zvichiratidza kuti nyika iri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, uye inomiririra rusununguko netariro.

New Zealand ine huwandu hwemamiriyoni e4.777 (Kurume 2007). Pakati pavo, vazukuru vevatorwa vekuEurope vaisvika 78.8%, Maori akaita 14.5%, uye maAsia vakaita 6.7%. 75% yevagari vanogara kuNorth Island. Huwandu hwenzvimbo yeAuckland inoverengera 30.7% yehuwandu hwenyika. Vagari vemuWellington, iro guta guru, vanoverengera vangangoita 11% yehuwandu hwenyika. Auckland ndiro guta rine vanhu vazhinji munyika; Christchurch kuSouth Island ndiro guta rechipiri pakukura munyika. Mitauro yepamutemo ndiChirungu neMaori. General Chirungu, Maori vanotaura Maori. 70% yevagari vanotenda muchiPurotesitendi neKaturike.

New Zealand inyika ine hupfumi, uye kuchengeta zvipfuyo ndiyo hwaro hwehupfumi hwayo.kutengeswa kwekuNew Zealand kwezvirimwa nemichero yezvipfuyo zvine chikamu che50% yezvese zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye kutengeswa kwayo kwenyama yeganda, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka uye huwandu hwehushe hwakakora nha. Poshi. New Zealand ndiyo zvakare hombe velvet antler inogadzira uye inoburitsa kunze kwenyika, iine kugadzirwa kwayo inoverengera makumi matatu muzana ezvese zvepasi rose zvakaburitswa. Iyo mamineral deposits anonyanya kusanganisira marasha, goridhe, ore yesimbi, gasi rechisikirwo, pamwe nesirivha, manganese, tungsten, phosphate, uye petroleum, asi matura haana kukura. Kune matani emamirioni makumi matatu emafuta anochengeterwa uye 170 mamirioni emamichubic metres emagetsi. Zviwanikwa zvesango zvakawandisa, nenzvimbo yemasango ye8.8 miriyoni mahekita, inosvika 30% yenzvimbo yenyika, ayo mahekita 6.3 mamirioni masango chaiwo uye mahekita 1.8 miriyoni masango ekugadzira. Zvigadzirwa zvikuru matanda, matanda akakomberedza, pulp yemapuranga, mapepa nemapuranga. Zvizhinji zvigadzirwa zvekuredza.

Indasitiri yeNew Zealand inotungamirwa nekugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima, zvemasango uye zvekuchengeta zvipfuyo, kunyanya maindasitiri akareruka senge zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, magumbeze, chikafu, waini, dehwe, fodya, bepa uye kugadzira huni, uye zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kutumirwa kunze kwenyika Zvekurima zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya. Zvirimwa zvikuru igorosi, bhari, mapfunde nemichero. Chikafu hachigone kuzvikwanira uye chinoda kutengwa kubva kuAustralia. Iyo yakagadziriswa indasitiri yezvipfuyo ndiyo hwaro hwehupfumi hweNew Zealand. Iyo nzvimbo yekuchengeta zvipfuyo ndeye 13.52 mamirioni mahekita, achiverengera hafu yenzvimbo yenyika yenyika. Zvigadzirwa zvemukaka uye nyama ndizvo zvakakosha zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Huwandu hwekunze hwehuswa hwakakora hunotanga kutanga pasirese, huchiverenga zvikamu makumi maviri nezvishanu kubva muzana zvepasi rose. New Zealand ine hupfumi hwezvigadzirwa zvehove uye inzvimbo yechina pakukura zvehupfumi pasirese.Masimba ehove eiyo mamaira mazana maviri emamirioni ehupfumi ingangoita matani mazana mashanu ezviuru pagore. New Zealand ine nharaunda nyowani, inofadza mamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo dzinoyevedza, uye zvinokwezva vashanyi pasirese nyika. Kumeso kwenzvimbo yeNew Zealand kwakazara neshanduko.North Island ine makomo mazhinji uye matsime anopisa, uye iyo South Island ine mazaya echando akawanda nemadhamu. Pakati pavo, iwo akasarudzika masimendi epasi peGomo reRuapehu paNorth Island uye gumi nemana anoputika anoumba isingawanzoitika volcanic geothermal anomaly zone munyika. Kune anopfuura anopfuura chiuru akakwirira-tembiricha geothermal matsime akagoverwa pano. Aya marudzi akasiyana ematsime anobvira, fumaroles, madziva emvura ari kufashaira uye magiza anoita chishamiso chikuru cheNew Zealand. Yekushanya inowana maakaunzi angangoita gumi muzana yeGDP yeNew Zealand, uye ndiyo yechipiri indasitiri yekudyidzana yekunze inowana indasitiri mushure mezvigadzirwa zvemukaka.

Wellington: Guta reNew Zealand, Wellington (Wellington) iri kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweNew Zealand kuNorth Island, ichidzipa huro yeCook Strait. Akakomberedzwa nemakomo akasvibira pamativi matatu, akatarisana negungwa kune rimwe divi, akabata Port Nicholson mumaoko ake. Guta rese rizere negirinhi, mweya wakachena, uye chirimo nguva dzese dzemwaka. Wellington iri munzvimbo ine mhosho. Kunze kwenzvimbo yakati sandara padyo negungwa, guta rese rakavakirwa pamakomo. Kudengenyeka kwenyika kukuru muna 1855 kwakakanganisa zvikuru chiteshi chengarava. Wellington ikozvino yakavakwazve mushure megore ra1948. Huwandu hwevanhu i 424,000 (Zvita 2001).

Muzana ramakore rechigumi AD, maPolynesia vakagara pano. Mushure mekunge Britain yasaina chibvumirano natateguru wemuno weMaori muna 1840, nhamba huru yevakapinda muBritain vakauya pano. Pakutanga, maBritish vakadaidza nzvimbo iyi "Britania", zvinoreva kuti "nzvimbo yeBritain." Gare gare, guta rakazowedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika padanho razvino. Guta rakatumidzwa zita raDuke weWellington, nyeredzi yeBritish iyo yakakunda Napoleon muna 1815, uye yakasarudzwa seguta guru muna 1865.

Wellington inyika yezvematongerwo enyika, maindasitiri uye zvemari muNew Zealand. Chiteshi cheNicholson muWellington ndiyo yechipiri chiteshi chengarava munyika mushure meAuckland, uye inogona kukwira zviuru gumi zvematani.

Wellington inzvimbo inozivikanwa yekushanya muPacific Ocean. Zvivakwa zvekare zvakachengetedzwa muguta zvinosanganisira chivakwa chehurumende chakavakwa muna 1876. Icho chimwe chezvivakwa zvakagadzirwa zvikuru zvematanda muSouth Pacific, chivako chakaisvonaka chePaul Cathedral chakavakwa muna 1866, uye horo yeguta yakavakwa muna 1904. Chirangaridzo chehondo chine mukurumbira chakavakwa muna 1932. Pane macarlon pane makumi mana nemapfumbamwe.Mabhero aya akanyorwa nemazita evaNew Zealand vakapinda muhondo iyi munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Kune gomo rinoyevedza reVictoria kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweWellington City, uye Caingaro National Artificial Forest kuchamhembe kweVictoria Mountain.Inofukidza nzvimbo inosvika mahekita zana nemakumi mashanu ezviuru uye yakatambanuka kwemakiromita anodarika zana.Imwe yemasango makuru ekugadzirwa pasi rose.

Auckland: Guta rakakura kwazvo reNew Zealand uye chiteshi chengarava chikuru, Auckland (Auckland) iri panzvimbo yakamanikana yeAuckland Isthmus pakati peWitemata Bay neManakao Port kuNorth Island yeNew Zealand. Guta rose rakavakirwa pamadota anoputika, uye kune angangoita makumi mashanu emakomo anoputika nemakomo akange asisipo mudunhu iri. Auckland ine mamiriro ekunze akapfava uye kunaya kwemvura yakawanda.Waikato Rwizi Basin kumaodzanyemba kweguta iri imwe yenzvimbo dzakapfuma kwazvo dzevafundisi muNew Zealand.

Auckland inzvimbo huru yekumaindasitiri yeNew Zealand, kusanganisira zvipfeko, machira, chikafu, midziyo yemagetsi, fenicha, simbi, nezvimwewo, pamwe nezvinhu zvekuvaka, kugadzira michina, kuvaka ngarava, uye maindasitiri ekugadzira shuga. Auckland ine zvifambiso zviri nyore uye inzvimbo yekutakura nyika yegungwa nemhepo. Njanji nemigwagwa mikuru zvakabatana kunzvimbo dzese dzenyika. Chikamu chechiteshi uye nzira yekupfuura ndiyo yekutanga munyika. Nzira dzinotungamira kuSouth Pacific, East Asia, uye nyika zhinji kana matunhu muEurope neAmerica. Kune nhandare huru yepasi rose kuMangele. Iwo makuru emasangano emaguta anosanganisira iyo War Memorial Museum, Auckland City Art Gallery, Ruzhinji Raibhurari, Auckland University, Guta Horo, uye Vadzidzisi Makoreji. Kune mahombekombe, makosi egorofu, nhandare, mapaki uye nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzekushambira uye kufefetera.

Auckland iguta rakanaka rebindu rine indasitiri yekushanya yakagadziridzwa. Kune hombe paki ye safari muSouth Pacific-Auckland Lion Park, nhandare hombe yekutamba yeNew Zealand "Rainbow Wonderland", nzvimbo inocherwa doro ine waini inonhuwirira, uye "nyika yepasi pemvura" inosanganisa maruva emhuka nemhuka. Kune zvinoratidzwa kubva kumadzitateguru emaMaori Iyo Handicrafts Nhoroondo Museum yeChina zvakare ine musimamende yazvino inoratidza zvitsva kuitika mukufambisa uye tekinoroji. Waitemata Harbor uye Manakau Harbour, iyo inotenderedza Auckland, inzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzekufambisa ngarava mugungwa. Kupera kwevhiki kwega kwega, mubhuruu bay, zvikepe zvinofamba zvine maseiri ane mavara akapfuura nepagungwa. Naizvozvo, Auckland ine mukurumbira we "guta remaseiri".