[Country Profile]

Peru, the full name of the Republic of Peru, covers an area of ​​1,285,200 square kilometers. Located in the western part of South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Chile to the south, Bolivia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The coastline is 2254 kilometers long. The Andes runs from north to south, and the mountains account for 1/3 of the country's area. The whole territory is divided into three regions from west to east: the western coastal area is a long and narrow arid zone with intermittently distributed plains; the central plateau area is mainly the middle section of the Andes, with an average elevation of about 4,300 meters, the source of the Amazon River; the east is the Amazon Forest area. Both Koropuna Peak and Sarcan Mountains are above 6000 meters above sea level, while Huascaran Mountain is 6,768 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in Peru. The main rivers are Ukayali and Putumayo. The western part of Peru has a tropical desert and grassland climate, dry and mild, with an annual average temperature of 12-32℃; the central part has a large temperature change, with an annual average temperature of 1-14℃; the eastern part has a tropical rain forest climate with an annual average temperature of 24-35℃. The average temperature in the capital is 15-25℃. The average annual rainfall is less than 50 mm in the west, less than 250 mm in the middle, and more than 2000 mm in the east.

The country is divided into 24 provinces and 1 directly subordinate district (Callao District). The names of the provinces are as follows: Amazon, Ancash, Apurímac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavilica, Vanu Province of Córdoba, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Provinces of Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali.

The Indians lived in ancient Peru. In the 11th century AD, the Indians established the "Inca Empire" in the plateau area with Cusco City as their capital. One of the ancient civilizations that formed the Americas in the early 15-16 centuries-the Inca civilization. It became a Spanish colony in 1533. The city of Lima was established in 1535, and the Governor-General of Peru was established in 1544, becoming the center of Spanish colonial rule in South America. Independence was declared on July 28, 1821 and the Republic of Peru was established. In 1835, Bolivia and Peru merged to form the Peru-Bolivia Confederation. The Confederacy collapsed in 1839. Slavery was abolished in 1854.

Peru has a total population of 27.22 million (2005). Among them, Indians accounted for 41%, Indo-European mixed races accounted for 36%, whites accounted for 19%, and other races accounted for 4%. Spanish is the official language. Quechua, Aimara and more than 30 other Indian languages ​​are commonly used in some areas. 96% of residents believe in Catholicism.

Peru is a traditional agricultural and mining country with a medium-level economy in Latin America. "Peru" means "Corn Store" in Indian. Rich in minerals and more than self-sufficient in oil. Secret mining is rich in resources and is one of the world's 12 largest mining countries. Mainly include copper, lead, zinc, silver, iron and petroleum. The reserves of bismuth and vanadium rank first in the world, copper ranks third, and silver and zinc rank fourth. The current proved reserves of oil are 400 million barrels and natural gas is 710 billion cubic feet. The forest coverage rate is 58%, covering an area of ​​77.1 million hectares, second only to Brazil in South America. Waterpower and marine resources are extremely rich. The secret industry is mainly processing and assembly industries. Secret is also the world's main producer of fishmeal and fish oil. Peru is the birthplace of Inca culture and is rich in tourism resources. The main tourist attractions are Lima Plaza, Torre Tagle Palace, Gold Museum, Cusco City, Machu-Pichu Ruins, etc.

[Main City]

Lima: Lima, the capital of the Republic of Peru and the capital of Lima Province, across the south and north banks of the Lima River. Lima's name is derived from Lima River. There is San Cristobal Mountain to the northeast and Callao, a port city on the Pacific coast to the west.

Lima was founded in 1535 and has long been a colony of Spain in South America. In 1821, Peru became independent as its capital. The population is 7.8167 million (2005). Lima is a world-famous "no rain city". There is no rain in all seasons. Only between December and January of the year, there is often heavy fog formed by thick and humid fog, and the annual precipitation is only 10-50 mm. The climate here is like spring all year round, with an average monthly temperature of 16 degrees Celsius during the coldest period and 23.5 degrees Celsius during the hottest period.

The city of Lima is divided into two parts: the old and the new. The old city is in the north, close to the Rímak River, and is built during the colonial period. There are many squares in the old city, and its center is the "Armed Plaza". From the square, roads paved with large stone slabs radiate to every corner of the city. There are some tall buildings around the square, such as the government building built on part of the Pizarro Palace in 1938, the Lima Municipal Building built in 1945 and many shops. From the square to the southwest, through the most prosperous commercial center Avenue Uniang (Unity Avenue), you arrive at San Martin Square, which is the center of the capital. On the square stands a horse-riding statue of General San Martin, a national hero who has made remarkable achievements in the American Revolutionary War. There is a wide street in the middle of the square-Via Nicolas de Pierola. At the west end of the street is the "May 2nd Square". Not far from the square is the University of San Marcos, one of the most universities in Latin America. Go south from the square to Bolognese Square, the wide street between the two squares is the commercial center of the new city. There are many museums around Bolivar Square in the New Town. There is also the famous Peruvian "Gold Museum" on the outskirts of Lima.