Peru Amakuru Yibanze
Igihe cyaho | Igihe cyawe |
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Umwanya wigihe | Itandukaniro ryigihe |
UTC/GMT -5 isaha |
ubunini / uburebure |
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9°10'52"S / 75°0'8"W |
kodegisi |
PE / PER |
ifaranga |
Sol (PEN) |
Ururimi |
Spanish (official) 84.1% Quechua (official) 13% Aymara (official) 1.7% Ashaninka 0.3% other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.7% other (includes foreign languages and sign language) 0.2% (2007 est.) |
amashanyarazi |
Andika inshinge za Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Ubuyapani inshinge 2 Andika b US 3-pin Andika c Abanyaburayi 2-pin |
ibendera ry'igihugu |
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umurwa mukuru |
Lima |
urutonde rwa banki |
Peru urutonde rwa banki |
abaturage |
29,907,003 |
akarere |
1,285,220 KM2 |
GDP (USD) |
210,300,000,000 |
telefone |
3,420,000 |
Terefone ngendanwa |
29,400,000 |
Umubare wabakoresha interineti |
234,102 |
Umubare w'abakoresha interineti |
9,158,000 |
Peru Intangiriro
Peru ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1,285.216 kandi iherereye mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Epfo.Uhana imbibi na Ecuador na Kolombiya mu majyaruguru, Burezili mu burasirazuba, Chili mu majyepfo, Boliviya mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba, n'inyanja ya Atalantika mu burengerazuba. Inkombe z'uburebure ni kilometero 2,254. Andes iva mu majyaruguru igana mu majyepfo, kandi imisozi igizwe na 1/3 cy'akarere k'igihugu.Ubutaka bwose bugabanijwemo uturere dutatu kuva iburengerazuba ugana iburasirazuba: agace k'inyanja y'iburengerazuba ni agace karekare kandi kagufi gafite ibibaya bigabanijwe rimwe na rimwe; agace k'ibibaya byo hagati ni igice cyo hagati cya Andes. , Amavuko yumugezi wa Amazone; iburasirazuba nigice cyamashyamba ya Amazone. [Umwirondoro w’igihugu] Peru, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Peru, rifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1,285.200. Iherereye mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Epfo, ihana imbibi na uquateur na Kolombiya mu majyaruguru, Burezili mu burasirazuba, Chili mu majyepfo, Boliviya mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba, inyanja ya Atalantika iburengerazuba. Inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2254. Andes iva mu majyaruguru igana mu majyepfo, kandi imisozi igizwe na 1/3 cy'akarere k'igihugu. Ifasi yose igabanijwemo uturere dutatu kuva iburengerazuba ugana iburasirazuba: agace k'iburengerazuba ni agace karekare kandi kagufi gafite ibibaya bigabanijwe rimwe na rimwe; agace k'ibibaya byo hagati ni igice cyo hagati cya Andes, gifite uburebure bwa metero zigera ku 4.300, isoko y'uruzi rwa Amazone; iburasirazuba ni Amazone; Agace k'ishyamba. Imisozi yombi ya Koropuna na Sarcan iri hejuru ya metero 6000 hejuru y’inyanja, naho umusozi wa Huascaran uri kuri metero 6,768 hejuru y’inyanja, akaba ari nawo muremure muri Peru. Inzuzi nyamukuru ni Ukayali na Putumayo. Igice cyo mu burengerazuba bwa Peru gifite ubutayu bushyuha hamwe n’ikirere cy’ibyatsi, cyumye kandi cyoroheje, hamwe n’ubushyuhe buri mwaka buri hagati ya 12-32 ℃; igice cyo hagati gifite ihinduka ryinshi ry’ubushyuhe, hamwe n’ubushyuhe buri mwaka bwa 1-14 ℃; igice cy’iburasirazuba gifite ikirere cy’imvura gishyuha gishyuha buri mwaka ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 24-35 5. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe mu murwa mukuru ni 15-25 ℃. Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka iri munsi ya mm 50 muburengerazuba, munsi ya mm 250 hagati, na mm zirenga 2000 muburasirazuba. Igihugu kigabanyijemo intara 24 n'akarere 1 kayoborwa neza (Akarere ka Callao). Amazina yintara naya akurikira: Amazon, Ancash, Apurímac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavilica, Vanu Intara ya Córdoba, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Intara za Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali. Abahinde babaga muri Peru ya kera. Mu kinyejana cya 11 nyuma ya Yesu, Abahinde bashinze "Ingoma y'Ubwami" mu kibaya n'Umujyi wa Cusco nk'umurwa mukuru wabo. Imwe mumico ya kera yashizeho Amerika muntangiriro yikinyejana cya 15-16-Umuco wa Inca. Yabaye ubukoloni bwa Esipanye mu 1533. Umujyi wa Lima washinzwe mu 1535, guverineri mukuru wa Peru yashinzwe mu 1544, ahinduka ihuriro ry’ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni bwa Esipanye muri Amerika yepfo. Ubwigenge bwatangajwe ku ya 28 Nyakanga 1821 hashyirwaho Repubulika ya Peru. Mu 1835, Boliviya na Peru byahujwe no gushinga ihuriro rya Peru-Boliviya. Ihuriro ryasenyutse mu 1839. Ubucakara bwakuweho mu 1854. Peru ifite abaturage 27.22 (2005). Muri bo, Abahinde bagize 41%, amoko avanze y'Abahinde n'Abanyaburayi angana na 36%, Abazungu bangana na 19%, andi moko angana na 4%. Icyesipanyoli ni ururimi rwemewe. Quechua, Aimara n'izindi ndimi zirenga 30 zikoreshwa mu turere tumwe na tumwe. 96% by'abaturage bemera Gatolika. Peru nigihugu gakondo cyubuhinzi n’amabuye y'agaciro gifite ubukungu buciriritse muri Amerika y'Epfo. "Peru" bisobanura "Ububiko bw'ibigori" mu Buhinde. Ukungahaye ku myunyu ngugu kandi birenze kwihaza mu mavuta. Ubucukuzi bw'amabanga bukungahaye ku mutungo kandi ni kimwe mu bihugu 12 binini ku isi. Ahanini ushizemo umuringa, isasu, zinc, ifeza, ibyuma na peteroli. Ububiko bwa bismuth na vanadium biza kumwanya wa mbere kwisi, umuringa uza kumwanya wa gatatu, na silver na zinc biza kumwanya wa kane. Kugeza ubu ibigega bya peteroli ni miriyoni 400 na gaze gasanzwe ni metero kibe 710. Igipimo cy’amashyamba ni 58%, gifite ubuso bwa hegitari miliyoni 77.1, kikaba icya kabiri nyuma ya Berezile muri Amerika yepfo. Imbaraga zamazi ninyanja zirakize cyane. Inganda zibanga zirimo gutunganya no guteranya inganda. Ibanga naryo rikora cyane ku isi amafi y’amafi n’amafi. Peru niho havuka umuco wa Inca kandi ukungahaye ku bukerarugendo. Ubukerarugendo bukurura ba mukerarugendo ni Lima Plaza, Ingoro ya Torre Tagle, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Zahabu, Umujyi wa Cusco, Amatongo ya Machu-Pichu, n'ibindi. Uruzi. Hano hari umusozi wa San Cristobal mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba na Callao, umujyi uri ku cyambu ku nkombe ya pasifika mu burengerazuba. Lima yashinzwe mu 1535 kandi kuva kera yabaye koloni ya Espagne muri Amerika yepfo. Mu 1821, Peru yigenga nk'umurwa mukuru wacyo. Abaturage ni miliyoni 7.8167 (2005). Lima ni icyamamare ku isi "nta mujyi wimvura". Nta mvura ibaho mu bihe byose. Gusa hagati yUkuboza na Mutarama umwaka, usanga akenshi haba igihu kinini cyatewe nigihu cyinshi kandi cyuzuye, kandi imvura igwa buri mwaka ni mm 10-50 gusa. Ikirere hano ni nk'impeshyi umwaka wose, ugereranije impuzandengo ya buri kwezi ya dogere selisiyusi 16 mu gihe cy'ubukonje bwinshi na dogere selisiyusi 23.5 mu gihe gishyushye. Umujyi wa Lima ugabanyijemo ibice bibiri, ibya kera n'ibishya. Umujyi ushaje uri mu majyaruguru, hafi yuruzi rwa Rímak, kandi wubatswe mugihe cyabakoloni. Hano hari ibibuga byinshi mumujyi wa kera, kandi hagati yacyo ni "Armed Plaza". Uhereye ku karubanda, imihanda yubatswe na plaque nini yamabuye irasa mu mpande zose z'umujyi. Hano hari inyubako ndende zikikije ikibuga, nk'inyubako ya leta yubatswe ku gice cy'ingoro ya Pizarro mu 1938, inyubako ya Komini ya Lima yubatswe mu 1945 n'amaduka menshi. Uhereye ku karubanda ugana mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba, unyuze mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi cyateye imbere cyane Avenue Uniang (Umuhanda w’ubumwe), ugera kuri San Martin Square, hagati mu murwa mukuru. Ku kibuga hari igishusho kigendera ku ifarashi ya Jenerali San Martin, intwari y'igihugu imaze kugera ku bikorwa bitangaje mu ntambara yo guharanira impinduramatwara y'Abanyamerika.Hari umuhanda mugari hagati ya Via Nicolas de Pierola. Ku mpera y’iburengerazuba bw’umuhanda ni "Ikibanza cya 2 Gicurasi". Hafi y’ikibanza ni kaminuza ya San Marcos, imwe muri kaminuza nyinshi muri Amerika y'Epfo. Jya mu majyepfo kuva kuri kare kugera kuri Bolognese Square, umuhanda mugari uri hagati ya kare zombi ni centre yubucuruzi yumujyi mushya. Hano hari ingoro ndangamurage hafi ya Bolivar Square mumujyi mushya. Hariho kandi inzu ndangamurage ya Peru izwi cyane "Gold Museum" mu nkengero za Lima. |