[Obodo Profaịlụ]

Peru, aha zuru oke nke Republic of Peru, na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke kilomita 1,285,200. Emi odude ke edem usoputịn South America, emi edidade ye Ecuador ye Colombia ke edem edere, Brazil ke edem usiahautịn, Chile ke edem usụk, Bolivia ke n̄kan̄ edem usụk ye edem usiahautịn, ye Inyan̄ibom Atlantic ke edem usoputịn. Linesọ osimiri dị ogologo kilomita 2254. Andes na-esite n'Ugwu wee ruo na ndịda, ugwu na-echekwa 1/3 nke mpaghara obodo ahụ. E kewara ókèala ahụ niile na mpaghara atọ site na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n’ọwụwa anyanwụ: mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ ọdịda anyanwụ bụ mpaghara dị larịị dị warara na mbara ọzara na-ekesa; mpaghara ala dị larịị bụ akụkụ etiti etiti Andes, yana ogo elu nke ihe dịka 4,300 mita, isi iyi nke Osimiri Amazon; isi ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ Amazon Mpaghara oke ohia. Ugwu Coropuna na Ugwu Sarcan dị elu karịa mita 6000 n'elu elu oké osimiri, ugwu Huascaran dị mita 6,768 n'elu elu mmiri, nke bụ ebe kachasị elu na Peru. Osimiri ndị bụ isi bụ Ukayali na Putumayo. Akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Peru nwere ọzara ebe okpomọkụ na ala ahịhịa, na-akọrọ ma dị nwayọọ, na-enwe okpomọkụ kwa afọ nke 12-32 ℃; akụkụ nke etiti nwere nnukwu mgbanwe okpomọkụ, yana kwa afọ nkezi nke 1-14 ℃; akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nwere oke mmiri ozuzo nke oke mmiri ozuzo na-enwe kwa afọ okpomọkụ nke 24-35 ℃. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị na isi obodo bụ 15-25 ℃. Oge mmiri ozuzo na-erughị 50 mm na ọdịda anyanwụ, ihe na-erughị 250 mm n'etiti, na karịa 2000 mm na ọwụwa anyanwụ.

E kewara mba ahụ na mpaghara 24 na 1 na-achịkwa mpaghara (Callao District). Aha mpaghara ndị a bụ: Amazon, Ancash, Apurímac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavilica, Vanu Mpaghara Córdoba, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Mpaghara Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali.

Ndị India biri na Peru oge ochie. Na narị afọ nke 11 AD, ndị India guzobere "Inca Empire" na mpaghara larịị nke Cusco City bụ isi obodo ha. Otu n’ime mmepeanya mgbe ochie nke hibere America na mbido narị afọ 15 ruo nke 16 - mmepeanya Inca. Ọ ghọrọ obodo ndị Spain na 1533. E guzobere obodo Lima na 1535, na Gọvanọ General nke Peru ka emebere na 1544, bụrụ ebe etiti ọchịchị ndị Spain na South America. E kwupụtara nnwere onwe na July 28, 1821 wee guzobe Republic of Peru. Na 1835, Bolivia na Peru jikọtara ọnụ iji guzobe Njikọ Peru-Bolivia. Njikọ ndị a dara na 1839. A kwụsịrị ịgba ohu na 1854.

Peru nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dum nke 27.22 (2005). N'ime ha, ndị India nwetara 41%, agbụrụ ndị Indo-European dị na 36%, ndị ọcha weere 19%, agbụrụ ndị ọzọ ruru 4%. Asụsụ Spanish bụ asụsụ gọọmentị ji eme ihe. Quechua, Aimara na ihe karịrị asụsụ iri atọ ndị ọzọ nke Indian ka a na-asụkarị n'ụfọdụ mpaghara. 96% nke ndị bi na ya kwenyere na Katọlik.

Peru bụ ala ọdịbendị na-egwupụta akụ na ebe a na-egwupụta akụ na ụba na Latin America. "Peru" pụtara "Storelọ ahịa ọka" na India. Ọgaranya na mineral na ihe karịrị nke onwe-na mmanụ. Ngwuputa Nzuzo bara ọgaranya na akụ na ụba ma bụrụkwa otu mba iri na abụọ kacha elu na-egwupụta egwu egwu. Karịsịa gụnyere ọla kọpa, ndu, zinc, ọla ọcha, igwe na mmanụ ala. Bismuth na vanadium dị na nke mbụ n'ụwa, ọla kọpa nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ, ọla ọcha na zinc nọkwa n'ọkwa nke anọ. Mmanụ a gosipụtara ugbu a bụ barel 400 nde na gas nkịtị bụ ijeri cubic 710. Onu ogugu oke ohia bu 58%, nke kpuchiri hectare 77,1, nke abuo na Brazil na South America. Mmiri mmiri na mmiri nwere nnukwu ọgaranya. Secretlọ ọrụ nzuzo bụ tumadi nhazi na mgbakọ. Nzuzo bukwa ndi n’emeputa azu na mmanu azu. Peru bụ ebe a mụrụ ọdịbendị Inca ma nwee akụ na ụba nke njem. Isi ihe nkiri ndị njem nleta bụ Lima Plaza, Torre Tagle Palace, Gold Museum, Cusco City, Machu-Pichu Ruins, wdg.

[Isi Obodo] Osimiri. E nwere Ugwu San Cristobal n’ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ ya na Callao, bụ́ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n’ụsọ Oké Osimiri Pasifik n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ ya.

E hiwere Lima na 1535 ma bụrụkwa nwa oge nke Spain na South America. Na 1821, Peru nwere nnwere onwe dịka isi obodo ya. Ndị bi na ya bụ 7.8167 nde (2005). Lima bụ ụwa ama ama "enweghị mmiri ozuzo" Ọ dịghị mmiri ozuzo na oge niile.Ọ bụ naanị n'etiti Disemba na Jenụwarị nke afọ, a na-enwekarị foogu dị arọ nke igwe ojii na mmiri ozuzo kpụkọrọ, mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ bụ 10-50 mm. Ihu igwe dị ebe a dị ka oge opupu ihe ubi n'afọ niile, na-enwe nkezi kwa ọnwa nke ogo 16 Celsius n'oge oge oyi na 23.5 Celsius n'oge oge kachasị njọ.

E kewara obodo Lima ụzọ abụọ: nke ochie na nke ọhụrụ, Obodo ochie dị na mgbago ugwu, na nso Osimiri Rímak, ma wuru ya n’oge ọchịchị. Enwere ọtụtụ ebe na obodo ochie, ebe etiti ya bụ "Armed Plaza". Site na square, okporo ụzọ ndị e ji nnukwu okwute rụọ na-apụta n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke obodo ahụ. E nwere ụfọdụ ụlọ toro ogologo gburugburu square ahụ, dịka ụlọ gọọmentị nke ewuru n'akụkụ nke Pizarro Obí na 1938, imalọ Lima Municipal wuru na 1945 na ọtụtụ ụlọ ahịa. Site na square ruo n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, site na ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa kachasị baa uru Avenue Uniang (Unity Avenue), ị rutere na San Martin Square, nke bụ etiti isi obodo ahụ. N'elu ebe ahụ ka ihe oyiyi General San Martin, onye dike mba nke rụrụ ọrụ dị ebube na American Revolutionary War, na e nwere okporo ụzọ sara mbara n'etiti square-Via Nicolas de Pierola. Na nsọtụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke okporo ụzọ ahụ bụ "May 2nd Square". N'ebe dị nso na square bụ Mahadum San Marcos, otu n'ime mahadum kachasị na Latin America. Gaa ebe ndịda site na square gaa Bolognese Square Okporo ámá dị n'etiti ebe abụọ ahụ bụ ebe azụmahịa nke obodo ọhụrụ ahụ. Enwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na Bolivar Square na New Town. E nwekwara ama nke Peruvian "Gold Museum" na mpụga Lima.