IBangladesh ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-147,600 futhi itholakala ogwadule olwakhiwe yiGanges neBrahmaputra Rivers enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwekazi laseNingizimu Asia. Unqamula eNdiya ezinhlangothini ezintathu empumalanga, entshonalanga nasenyakatho, unqamula iMyanmar ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga, kanye neBay of Bengal ngaseningizimu.Ugu lolwandle lungamakhilomitha angama-550 ubude. U-85% wayo yonke le ndawo ungamathafa, kanti eningizimu-mpumalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yizindawo ezinamagquma. Izifunda eziningi zinesimo sezulu sezulu esishisayo, esinomswakama, esishisayo nesinemvula. IBangladesh yaziwa ngokuthi "umhlaba wamanzi" kanye "nezwe lamachibi emifula", futhi ingelinye lamazwe anemifula eminyene emhlabeni.

Ukubuka konke

IBangladesh, igama eligcwele lePeople's Republic of Bangladesh, inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-147,570. Kutholakala esizibeni esakhiwe yimifula iGanges neBrahmaputra enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwekazi laseNingizimu Asia. Unqamula iNdiya ezinhlangothini ezintathu empumalanga, entshonalanga nasenyakatho, unqamula iMyanmar ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga neBay of Bengal ngaseningizimu. Ugu lungamakhilomitha angama-550 ubude. Ama-85% wayo yonke le ndawo asethafeni, kanti eningizimu-mpumalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yizindawo ezingamagquma. Izindawo eziningi zinesimo sezulu sezulu esishisayo, kunomswakama, kuyashisa futhi kuyana. Unyaka wonke uhlukaniswe ubusika (Novemba kuya kuFebhuwari), ehlobo (Mashi kuya kuJuni) nesikhathi semvula (Julayi kuya ku-Okthoba). Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka lingu-26.5 ° C. Ubusika yisikhathi esimnandi kakhulu sonyaka, esinamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu angama-4 ° C, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu ehlobo lika-45 ° C, kanye nezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile elingu-30 ° C ngenkathi yemvula. IBangladesh yaziwa ngokuthi "umhlaba wamanzi" kanye "nezwe lamachibi emifula", futhi ingelinye lamazwe anemifula eminyene emhlabeni. Kunemifula emikhulu nemincane engaphezu kuka-230 ezweni, ehlukaniswe kakhulu yimifula iGanges, iBrahmaputra neMegna. Ukufinyelela okuphezulu koMfula iBrahmaputra nguMfula i-Yarlung Zangbo ezweni lethu. Ubude bendawo yasemanzini yangaphakathi maphakathi namakhilomitha angama-6000. Imifula ayiwelwanga nje kuphela futhi iminyene njengama-cobwebs, kepha futhi kunamachibi amaningi agcwele izwe lonke.Kunamachibi acishe abe ngu-500,000 kuya ku-600,000 ezweni, anezilinganiso zamachibi angaba ngu-4 ngekhilomitha-skwele, njengesibuko esikhanyayo esiboshwe phansi. Umnduze omuhle wezimbali zamanzi waseBangladeshi ungabonakala yonke indawo exhaphozini lenetha lamanzi.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda eziyisithupha zokuphatha: iDhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Barisal, neSillet, ezinezifunda ezingama-64.

Iqembu lesizwe laseBangali lingelinye lamaqembu endabuko aseningizimu nezwekazi laseNingizimu Asia. Isifunda saseBangladesh sisungule umbuso ozimele kaningana, futhi indawo yaso yake yafaka nezwe laseWest Bengal neBihar eNdiya. Ngekhulu le-16, iBangladesh yathuthuka yaba yindawo enabantu abaningi kakhulu, ethuthukile kwezomnotho futhi enendawo yamasiko ezwekazini. Maphakathi nekhulu le-18, yaba isikhungo sokubusa kwamakoloni aseBrithani eNdiya. Kwaba yisifundazwe saseBrithani India engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19. Ngo-1947 i-India nePakistan behlukene phakathi, iBangladesh yahlukaniswa kabili: iMpumalanga neNtshonalanga Intshonalanga kwakungeyaseNdiya kanti empumalanga kwakungeyePakistan. UDongba wamemezela ukuzimela ngoMashi 1971, kwathi iPeople's Republic of Bangladesh yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoJanuwari 1972.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande ngesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-5: 3. Umhlabathi wefulegi uluhlaza okotshani ngombala obomvu oyisondo phakathi nendawo. Okuhlaza okotshani okumnyama kufanekisela umhlaba onamandla ohlaza okomdlandla wezwe lomama, futhi kufanekisela amandla nobungqabavu bobusha; isondo elibomvu lifanekisela ukuntwela kokusa ngemuva kobusuku obumnyama bomzabalazo onegazi. Ifulege lonke lifana nethafa elibanzi elikhipha ilanga elibomvu, okusho amathemba akhanyayo nobungqabavu obungenamkhawulo baleli republic laseBangladesh.

IBangladesh inabantu abayizigidi eziyi-131 (Ephreli 2005), okuyenza ibe yizwe elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Iqembu lesizwe laseBangali lenza ama-98% futhi lingelinye lamaqembu endabuko aseningizimu nezwekazi laseNingizimu Asia, elinabantu bezinhlanga ezingaphezu kuka-20. IsiBengali siwulimi lukazwelonke kanti isiNgisi siwulimi olusemthethweni. Labo abakholelwa ku-Islam (inkolo yombuso) babala u-88.3%, kanti labo abakholelwa kubuHindu babalwa ngo-10.5%.

Cishe ama-85% wabantu baseBangladesh bahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngenxa yezizathu zomlando kanye nengcindezi enkulu yabantu, okwamanje ingelinye lamazwe athuthukile emhlabeni. Umnotho kazwelonke uncike kakhulu kwezolimo. Imikhiqizo emikhulu yezolimo yitiye, ilayisi, ukolweni, umoba nejute. IBangladesh inemithombo yezimbiwa elinganiselwe.Izinsizakusebenza ikakhulu igesi yemvelo.Imithombo yemithombo yegesi yemvelo emenyezelwe ingama-cubic metres ayi-311.39 billion kanti amalahle akhona angamathani ayizigidi ezingama-750. Indawo yehlathi icishe ibe amahektha ayizigidi ezi-2 kanti izinga lokutholakala kwehlathi liyi-13.4%. Imboni iphethwe yi-hemp, isikhumba, okokugqoka, izindwangu zikakotini namakhemikhali.Izimboni ezisindayo zibuthakathaka kanti nezokukhiqiza azithuthuki.Abantu abaqashiwe babalelwa ku-8% wabasebenzi bezwe lonke. Isimo sezulu saseBangladesh sikulungele kakhulu ukukhula kwejute. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, abalimi bendawo batshala i-jute ngobuningi. I-jute yayo ayigcini ngesivuno esikhulu kuphela, kepha futhi inhle kakhulu ekuthungeni. I-fiber yinde, iyaguquguquka futhi iyacwebezela. Ikakhulukazi i-jute efakwe emanzini acacile oMfula iBrahmaputra inesivuno esikhulu, ukuthungwa okuhle kakhulu, umbala omuhle futhi othambile, futhi ine "fiber yegolide". Kushayelwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-jute kungumgogodla womnotho waseBangladesh.Ukuthunyelwa kwe-jute kuthatha indawo yokuqala.Isilinganiso semikhiqizo ekhishwa minyaka yonke ibalelwa ku-1/3 womkhiqizo womhlaba.

Amadolobha amakhulu

IDhaka: IDhaka, inhlokodolobha yaseBangladesh, itholakala ogwini olusenyakatho yoMfula iBriganga eGanges Delta. Isimo sezulu lapha sifudumele futhi sinomswakama, sinezimvula ezingama-2500 mm ngesikhathi semvula. Izihlahla zikabhanana, amahlathi omango kanye nezinye izihlahla ezehlukene zikhona yonke indawo edolobheni nasemaphethelweni. IDhaka lakhiwa ngo-1608 nguSubedah-Islam Khan, umbusi waseBengal woMbuso kaMughal, futhi wawela ezandleni zeBrithani ngo-1765. Kusuka ku-1905-1912, bekuyinhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe i-East Bengal ne-Assam. Yaba yinhloko-dolobha yase-East Pakistan ngo-1947. Yaba yinhloko-dolobha yaseBangladesh ngo-1971.

Kunezindawo eziningi ezithakaselwayo kuleli dolobha, kuhlanganisa nesigodlo seBala-Katra esakhiwa ngo-1644, okuyindodana yoMbusi waseMughal uShaj Khan Lakhiwe nguSha Shujie, kwakuyisakhiwo esiyisikwele esizungezwe izinhlangothi ezine, esasetshenziselwa ukufaka i-Eastern National Caravan. Manje sesishiyiwe. ISulawadi-Udeyan Park yindawo lapho iBangladesh yamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi imele ngokusemthethweni ngoMashi 7, 1971. ILaleba Fort iyinqaba yasendulo enezitezi ezintathu.Le nqaba yakhiwa ngo-1678. Isango laseningizimu linama-minaret amancane. Ihholo lokwamukela nokwamukela izindlu zangasese zikaNawab-Shai Ista Khan zinhle ngesitayela. Manje sekuyimnyuziyamu futhi kukhombisa izinto zobuciko ezivela esikhathini sikaMughal. Ithuna likaBibi-Pali Mausoleum lashona ngo-1684. Lakhiwa ngamatshe emabula iRajputana, itshe eliyisihlabathi elimpunga laseCentral India neBihar black basalt, elalingiswa njenge-Indian Taj Mahal.

IDhaka yaziwa "njengedolobha lamaSulumane". Kunamasonto angaphezu kwama-800 kuleli dolobha, ikakhulukazi i-Star Mosque neBaytul-Mukalam AmaSulumane, iSagambu Mosque, Qiding Mosque, njll. Kukhona nethempeli laseDakswari lobuHindu. Phakathi kwazo, iBayt-Mukalam Mosque, eyasungulwa ngo-1960, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ingasetshenziswa amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu ukukhulekela ngasikhathi sinye.