Ukubuka konke

ICongo, igama eligcwele leRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo, lihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-342,000. Itholakala maphakathi nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika, kukhona iCongo (Kinshasa) ne-Angola empumalanga naseningizimu, i-Afrika Ephakathi neCameroon enyakatho, iGabon entshonalanga, kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic ngaseningizimu-ntshonalanga.Ugu lolwandle lungamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-150 ubude. Inyakatho-mpumalanga ithafa elinokuphakama kwamamitha angama-300, okuyingxenye yeCongo Basin; eningizimu nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ngamathafa aphakame ngamamitha ayi-500-1000; iningizimu-ntshonalanga yithafa elisogwini; phakathi kwethafa nethafa elisogwini kukhona iMayongbe Mountain. Ingxenye yoMfula iCongo (UMfula iZaire) noMfula i-Ubangi ongumfula ngumfula osemngceleni neDemocratic Republic of Congo. Imingenela yoMfula iCongo kuleyo ndawo ifaka umfula iSanga noMfula iLikuala, kuthi uMfula iKuylu ungene olwandle wedwa. Ingxenye eseningizimu inesimo sezulu sotshani obushisayo, kanti izingxenye ezimaphakathi nezasenyakatho zinesimo sezulu esinehlathi lemvula elinamazinga okushisa aphezulu nomswakama omkhulu.

Inani labantu baseCongo liyizigidi ezi-4 (2004). ICongo iyizwe elinezinhlanga eziningi, nezizwe ezingama-56 ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Uhlanga olukhulu kunawo wonke yiCongo eseningizimu, ebalwa cishe ngabantu abangama-45%; abaseMbohi enyakatho babalelwa ku-16%; iTaikai enkabeni yedolobha ibinama-20%; kanti inani elincane lama-pygmies belihlala emahlathini ayizintombi asenyakatho. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiFulentshi. Ulimi lukazwelonke yiCongo, iMonukutuba eningizimu neLingala enyakatho. Abangaphezu kwesigamu sezakhamizi zakuleli bakholelwa ezinkolweni zakudala, abangama-26% bakholelwa ebuKhatholika, abangu-10% bakholelwa ebuKristwini, kuthi abangu-3% bakholelwe enkolweni yobuSulumane.

ICongo ihlukaniswe izifundazwe eziyishumi, omasipala abayisithupha kanye nezifunda ezingama-83.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-13 kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-14, abantu baseBantu basungula uMbuso WaseCongo ezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula iCongo. Kusukela ngekhulu le-15, abakoloni abangamaPutukezi, abaseBrithani nabaseFrance baye bahlasela ngokulandelana. Ngo-1884, iNgqungquthela yaseBerlin yaqoka indawo esempumalanga yoMfula iCongo njengekoloni laseBelgium, manje osekuyiZaire, nendawo esentshonalanga njenge koloni laseFrance, manje osekuyiCongo. Ngo-1910, iFrance yathatha iCongo. Yaba yiriphabhuliki ezimele ngoNovemba 1958, kepha yahlala "eMphakathini waseFrance". Ngo-Agasti 15, 1960, iCongo yathola inkululeko ephelele futhi yaqanjwa njengeRiphabhuliki yaseCongo. NgoJuni 31, 1968, izwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iPeople’s Republic of the Congo. Ngo-1991, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi kuguqulwe igama lezwe, iPeople’s Republic of the Congo, libe yiRepublic of the Congo, ngenkathi kuqalwa kabusha ukusetshenziswa kwefulegi lesizwe kanye nehubo lesizwe lenkululeko.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande ngesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obungu-3: 2. Ingaphezulu lefulegi lakhiwe ngokuluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi nokubomvu.Ngaphezulu kwesobunxele kuluhlaza, kuthi ngezansi kwesokudla kubomvu.Ibhande eliphuzi ligijima ngokudonsa ukusuka ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokunxele liye ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla. Okuluhlaza kufanekisela izinsiza zehlathi nethemba ngekusasa, ophuzi umele ukwethembeka, ukubekezelelana nokuzethemba, kanti okubomvu kumele uthando.

IRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo icebile ngemithombo yemvelo. Ngaphezu kukawoyela nokhuni, futhi inenqwaba yamaminerali angathuthukisiwe angaphansi komhlaba, njenge-iron (okuqinisekisiwe okugciniwe kwensimbi 1 billion), i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-zinc, i-lead, ithusi, i-manganese, igolide, i-uranium nedayimane. Izinqolobane zegesi yemvelo zingama-cubic metres ayi-1 trillion. Cishe ayikho imboni kazwelonke eCongo, ezolimo zibuyele emuva, ukudla akwanele, kanti nomnotho uvame ukubuyela emuva. Kepha ngokwezifunda, iningizimu ingcono kakhulu kuneyasenyakatho. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Ocean Railway isuka ePointe Noire iya eBrazzaville inqamula eningizimu yeCongo, ezokuhamba ezilula zithuthukise umnotho wezindawo ezisemzileni. Izimboni zokulungisa nokwenza izinto zaseCongo zigxile kakhulu emadolobheni amathathu aseningizimu ePointe-Noire, eBrazzaville nase-Enkay.

ICongo River Basin iyindawo yesibili ngobukhulu yehlathi lemvula elishisayo emhlabeni ngemuva kwehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon. UMfula iCongo ubuye ube ngumfula wesibili ngobukhulu e-Afrika ngemuva koMfula iNayile. UMfula iCongo "umhubhe" uyindawo ebalulekile yokuheha izivakashi eCentral Africa. Kubonisa ukwakheka kwemvelo namasiko eCongo River Basin kube isithombe esibalabala. Ukuthatha isikebhe usuka eBrazzaville, into yokuqala oyibonayo yisiQhingi saseMbamu.Leli yisihlabathi esakhiwe ngumthelela ongapheli woMfula iCongo.Ufakwe izihlahla eziluhlaza, amagagasi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namagagasi amahle, futhi sihle, siheha inani elikhulu lezimbongi, Abadwebi nezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Lapho umkhumbi udlula eMaruku-Tresio, ungena "emhubheni" odumile woMfula iCongo.