I-Albania, igama eligcwele leRiphabhulikhi yase-Albania, ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-28,748. Kutholakala ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yaseBalkan eSoutheast Europe. Imingcele yiSerbia neMontenegro (Yugoslavia) enyakatho, iMakedoniya enyakatho-mpumalanga, iGrisi ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga, i-Adriatic kanye ne-Ionia Sea ngasentshonalanga, ne-Italy ngaphesheya kwe-Otranto Strait. Ugu lungamakhilomitha angama-472 ubude. Izintaba namagquma yi-3/4 yendawo yezwe, futhi ugu olusentshonalanga lucacile. Inesimo sezulu saseMedithera esishisayo.

Abantu base-Albania bayinzalo yabahlali basendulo baseBalkan, ama-Ilyan. Ngemuva kwekhulu lesi-9 AD, babuswa nguMbuso waseByzantium, uMbuso waseBulgaria, uMbuso waseSerbia, kanye neRiphabhuliki yaseVenice. I-feudal duchy yasungulwa ngo-1190. Yahlaselwa yiTurkey ngo-1415 futhi yabuswa yiTurkey iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-500. Ukuzimela kwamenyezelwa ngoNovemba 28, 1912. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, yayihlonywe ngamabutho ase-Austria-Hungary, Italy, France nakwamanye amazwe.Ku-1920, i-Afghanistan yaphinde yamemezela inkululeko yayo. Uhulumeni wonxiwankulu wasungulwa ngo-1924, iRiphabhuliki yasungulwa ngo-1925, kwathi ubukhosi baguqulwa baba ubukhosi ngo-1928. USogu waba yinkosi kwaze kwaba sekuhlaselweni amaNtaliyane ngo-Ephreli 1939. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, yayilandelwa ngokulandelana ngama-fascists ase-Italiya nawaseJalimane (ahlaselwa ngama-fascists aseJalimane ngo-1943). NgoNovemba 29, 1944, abantu base-Azerbaijan ngaphansi kobuholi beQembu lamaKhomanisi balwa impi yenkululeko kazwelonke elwa nama-fascist ukuze athathe amandla futhi akhulule izwe. NgoJanuwari 11, 1946, kwasungulwa iPeople's Republic of Albania. Ngo-1976, uMthethosisekelo wachitshiyelwa futhi igama lashintshwa laba yiSocialist People's Republic of Albania. Ngo-Ephreli 1991, kwaguqulwa isichibiyelo somthethosisekelo futhi izwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yiRiphabhuliki yase-Albania.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande elinesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-7: 5. Ifulege lomhlaba libomvu ngokumnyama okhozi olunamakhanda amabili amnyama lupendwe maphakathi. I-Albania yaziwa ngokuthi "yizwe lamakhozi asezintabeni", kanti ukhozi luthathwa njengophawu lweqhawe lesizwe uSkanderbeg.

Inani labantu base-Albania liyizigidi ezi-3.134 (2005), lapho ama-Albania enza i-98%. Izinhlanga ezincane ikakhulukazi zingamaGrikhi, iMacedonia, iSerbia, iCroatia, njll. Ulimi olusemthethweni isi-Albania. Izakhamizi ezingama-70% zikholelwa enkolweni yamaSulumane, ezingama-20% zikholelwa esontweni lamaOrthodox, kwathi ezingama-10% zikholelwa kubuKhatholika.

I-Albania yizwe elimpofu kakhulu eYurophu. Ingxenye yabantu bezwe isasebenza kwezolimo, kanti ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yabantu isebenza phesheya. Izinkinga ezinkulu zezomnotho zezwe zibandakanya ukungasebenzi okukhulu, inkohlakalo phakathi kwezikhulu eziphezulu zikahulumeni, nobugebengu obuhleliwe. I-Albania ithola usizo lwezomnotho emazweni angaphandle, ikakhulukazi iGrisi ne-Italy. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuncane, futhi ukungeniswa ikakhulukazi kusuka eGrisi nase-Italy. Izimali zezimpahla ezingenisiwe ikakhulukazi zivela kusizo lwezezimali nasemalini evela kubabaleki abasebenza phesheya.

ITirana: ITirana, inhlokodolobha yase-Albania, isikhungo sezepolitiki, sezomnotho, samasiko nezokuthutha sase-Albania nenhlokodolobha yaseTirana. Itholakala emgodini osentshonalanga yeNtaba iKruya engxenyeni emaphakathi yoMfula i-Issem, izungezwe izintaba empumalanga, eningizimu nasenyakatho, amakhilomitha angama-27 entshonalanga yolwandle i-Adriatic, futhi ekupheleni kwethafa elivundile elisenkabeni ye-Albania. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lingu-23.5 ℃ kanti eliphansi kakhulu lingu-6.8 ℃. Iningi lezakhamizi zingamaSulumane.

ITirana yaqala ukwakhiwa ngumphathi waseTurkey ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Ukuze ahehe abokufika, wasungula isonto lamaSulumane, isitolo sokwenza ikhekhe nendawo yokugezela. Ngokwakhiwa kwezinto zokuhamba nokwanda kwamakharavani, iTirana kancane kancane yaba isikhungo sezohwebo. Ngo-1920, iNgqungquthela yaseLushne yanquma ukwenza iTirana inhlokodolobha yase-Albania. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNkosi uZog I kusuka ngonyaka we-1928 kuya kowe-1939, kwaqashwa abakhi bezakhiwo base-Italy ukuthi baphinde bahlele kabusha idolobha laseTirana. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuhlasela kweJalimane ne-Italy i-Albania kusuka ngo-1939 kuya ku-1944, iPeople's Republic of Albania yasungulwa eTirana ngoJanuwari 11, 1946.

Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, iTirana yathuthukiswa kakhulu ngosizo lweSoviet Union kanye neChina.Ku-1951, kwakhiwa isiteshi samandla kagesi ophehla ugesi e-Albania, esihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-28,700, etholakala eNhlonhlweni YaseBalkan eSoutheast Europe. Ibhange lasentshonalanga ligudle iSerbia neMontenegro enyakatho, iMakedoniya esenyakatho-mpumalanga, iGrisi eningizimu-mpumalanga, kanye ne-Adriatic kanye ne-Ionia Seas entshonalanga. Ibheke e-Italy ngaphesheya kwe-Otranto Strait.Ugu lolwandle lunamakhilomitha angama-472 ubude. Izintaba namagquma kungu-3/4 wendawo yezwe, kanti ugu olusentshonalanga lucacile, olunesimo sezulu saseMedithera esishisayo. Uhlanga oluyinhloko yi-Albania, ulimi lwesi-Albania lukhulunywa kulo lonke izwe, futhi abantu abaningi bakholelwa kubu-Islam.

I-Albania, igama eligcwele leRiphabhulikhi yase-Albania, ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-28,748. Kutholakala ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yaseBalkan eSoutheast Europe. Imingcele yiSerbia neMontenegro (Yugoslavia) enyakatho, iMakedoniya enyakatho-mpumalanga, iGrisi ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga, i-Adriatic kanye ne-Ionia Sea ngasentshonalanga, ne-Italy ngaphesheya kwe-Otranto Strait. Ugu lungamakhilomitha angama-472 ubude. Izintaba namagquma yi-3/4 yendawo yezwe, futhi ugu olusentshonalanga lucacile. Inesimo sezulu saseMedithera esishisayo.

Abantu base-Albania bayinzalo yabahlali basendulo baseBalkan, ama-Ilyan. Ngemuva kwekhulu lesi-9 AD, babuswa nguMbuso waseByzantium, uMbuso waseBulgaria, uMbuso waseSerbia, kanye neRiphabhuliki yaseVenice. I-feudal duchy yasungulwa ngo-1190. Yahlaselwa yiTurkey ngo-1415 futhi yabuswa yiTurkey iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-500. Ukuzimela kwamenyezelwa ngoNovemba 28, 1912. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, yayihlonywe ngamabutho ase-Austria-Hungary, Italy, France nakwamanye amazwe.Ku-1920, i-Afghanistan yaphinde yamemezela inkululeko yayo. Uhulumeni wonxiwankulu wasungulwa ngo-1924, iRiphabhuliki yasungulwa ngo-1925, kwathi ubukhosi baguqulwa baba ubukhosi ngo-1928. USogu waba yinkosi kwaze kwaba sekuhlaselweni amaNtaliyane ngo-Ephreli 1939. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, yayilandelwa ngokulandelana ngama-fascists ase-Italiya nawaseJalimane (ahlaselwa ngama-fascists aseJalimane ngo-1943). NgoNovemba 29, 1944, abantu base-Azerbaijan ngaphansi kobuholi beQembu lamaKhomanisi balwa impi yenkululeko kazwelonke elwa nama-fascist ukuze athathe amandla futhi akhulule izwe. NgoJanuwari 11, 1946, kwasungulwa iPeople's Republic of Albania. Ngo-1976, uMthethosisekelo wachitshiyelwa futhi igama lashintshwa laba yiSocialist People's Republic of Albania. Ngo-Ephreli 1991, kwaguqulwa isichibiyelo somthethosisekelo futhi izwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yiRiphabhuliki yase-Albania.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande elinesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-7: 5. Ifulege lomhlaba libomvu ngokumnyama okhozi olunamakhanda amabili amnyama lupendwe maphakathi. I-Albania yaziwa ngokuthi "yizwe lamakhozi asezintabeni", kanti ukhozi luthathwa njengophawu lweqhawe lesizwe uSkanderbeg.

Inani labantu base-Albania liyizigidi ezi-3.134 (2005), lapho ama-Albania enza i-98%. Izinhlanga ezincane ikakhulukazi zingamaGrikhi, iMacedonia, iSerbia, iCroatia, njll. Ulimi olusemthethweni isi-Albania. Izakhamizi ezingama-70% zikholelwa enkolweni yamaSulumane, ezingama-20% zikholelwa esontweni lamaOrthodox, kwathi ezingama-10% zikholelwa kubuKhatholika.

I-Albania yizwe elimpofu kakhulu eYurophu. Ingxenye yabantu bezwe isasebenza kwezolimo, kanti ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yabantu isebenza phesheya. Izinkinga ezinkulu zezomnotho zezwe zibandakanya ukungasebenzi okukhulu, inkohlakalo phakathi kwezikhulu eziphezulu zikahulumeni, nobugebengu obuhleliwe. I-Albania ithola usizo lwezomnotho emazweni angaphandle, ikakhulukazi iGrisi ne-Italy. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuncane, futhi ukungeniswa ikakhulukazi kusuka eGrisi nase-Italy. Izimali zezimpahla ezingenisiwe ikakhulukazi zivela kusizo lwezezimali nasemalini evela kubabaleki abasebenza phesheya.

ITirana: ITirana, inhlokodolobha yase-Albania, isikhungo sezepolitiki, sezomnotho, samasiko nezokuthutha sase-Albania nenhlokodolobha yaseTirana. Itholakala emgodini osentshonalanga yeNtaba iKruya engxenyeni emaphakathi yoMfula i-Issem, izungezwe izintaba empumalanga, eningizimu nasenyakatho, amakhilomitha angama-27 entshonalanga yolwandle i-Adriatic, futhi ekupheleni kwethafa elivundile elisenkabeni ye-Albania. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lingu-23.5 ℃ kanti eliphansi kakhulu lingu-6.8 ℃. Iningi lezakhamizi zingamaSulumane.

ITirana yaqala ukwakhiwa ngumphathi waseTurkey ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Ukuze ahehe abokufika, wasungula isonto lamaSulumane, isitolo sokwenza ikhekhe nendawo yokugezela. Ngokwakhiwa kwezinto zokuhamba nokwanda kwamakharavani, iTirana kancane kancane yaba isikhungo sezohwebo. Ngo-1920, iNgqungquthela yaseLushne yanquma ukwenza iTirana inhlokodolobha yase-Albania. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNkosi uZog I kusuka ngonyaka we-1928 kuya kowe-1939, kwaqashwa abakhi bezakhiwo base-Italy ukuthi baphinde bahlele kabusha idolobha laseTirana. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuhlasela kweJalimane ne-Italy i-Albania kusuka ngo-1939 kuya ku-1944, iPeople's Republic of Albania yasungulwa eTirana ngoJanuwari 11, 1946.

Ngemuva kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, iTirana yathuthukiswa kakhulu ngosizo lweSoviet Union kanye neChina. Ngo-1951, kwakhiwa izikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ezishisa amanzi. Manje iTirana isiphenduke idolobha elikhulu nesikhungo esikhulu sezimboni kuleli, nezimboni ezifana nensimbi, ukukhanda ugandaganda, ukucubungula ukudla, izindwangu, imithi, izimonyo, udayi, ingilazi nobumba. Kunemayini yamalahle eduzane naseTirana. Kukhona ukuxhumana kwesitimela eDurres nakwezinye izindawo, futhi kunesikhumulo sezindiza samazwe omhlaba.

Idolobha lifihliwe yizihlahla, kunezindawo ezingaphezu kwamapaki angama-200 nezingadi zomgwaqo, futhi izindlela eziningana ezihlotshiswe ngezihlahla ziphuma eSkanderbeg Square enkabeni yedolobha. Ngo-1969, ngomgubho wama-23 wokusungulwa kwePeople's Republic of Albania, isithombe sethusi seqhawe lesizwe lase-Albania uSkanderbeg saqedwa eSkanderbeg Square. Eduze kwesikwele kukhona i-mosque (eyakhiwe ngo-1819), isigodlo sasebukhosini Sogu Dynasty, iNational Liberation War Museum, i-Palace of Russian Architecture and Culture, neNational Tirana University. Ingxenye eyinhloko empumalanga nasenyakatho yedolobha idolobha elidala, lapho iningi lazo liyizakhiwo ezindala ezinezici zendabuko. Kunamathiyetha, iminyuziyamu namahholo ekhonsathi edolobheni. IDaeti Mountain emaphethelweni edolobha elisempumalanga, ngamamitha ayi-1612 ukuphakama, inamahektha angama-3 500 eDaeti National Park, ezungezwe amachibi okufakelwa, izinkundla zemidlalo ezivulekile namakhaya okuphumula.

Idolobha lifihliwe yizihlahla, kunezindawo ezingaphezu kwamapaki angama-200 nezingadi zomgwaqo, futhi izindlela eziningana ezihlotshiswe ngezihlahla ziphuma eSkanderbeg Square enkabeni yedolobha. Ngo-1969, ngomgubho wama-23 wokusungulwa kwePeople's Republic of Albania, isithombe sethusi seqhawe lesizwe lase-Albania uSkanderbeg saqedwa eSkanderbeg Square. Eduze kwesikwele kukhona i-mosque (eyakhiwe ngo-1819), isigodlo sasebukhosini Sogu Dynasty, iNational Liberation War Museum, i-Palace of Russian Architecture and Culture, neNational Tirana University. Ingxenye eyinhloko empumalanga nasenyakatho yedolobha idolobha elidala, lapho iningi lazo liyizakhiwo ezindala ezinezici zendabuko. Kunamathiyetha, iminyuziyamu namahholo ekhonsathi edolobheni. IDaeti Mountain emaphethelweni edolobha elisempumalanga, ngamamitha ayi-1612 ukuphakama, inamahektha angama-3 500 eDaeti National Park, ezungezwe amachibi okufakelwa, izinkundla zemidlalo ezivulekile namakhaya okuphumula.