Syria, dzina lonse la Syria Republic Republic, ili ndi dera lalikulu masikweya kilomita 185,180 (kuphatikiza mapiri a Golan). Ili kumadzulo kwa Asia, pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Imadutsa Turkey kumpoto, Iraq kum'mawa, Jordan kumwera, Lebanon ndi Palestine kumwera chakumadzulo, ndi Cyprus kumadzulo kudutsa Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mphepete mwa nyanja ndi makilomita 183 kutalika. Madera ambiri ndi mapiri otsetsereka kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa. Amagawidwa makamaka m'magawo anayi: mapiri akumadzulo ndi zigwa zamapiri; Zigwa zaku Mediterranean; zigwa; kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa chipululu cha Syria. Sheikh Mountain kumwera chakumadzulo ndiye phiri lalitali kwambiri mdzikolo. Mtsinje wa Firate umadutsa ku Persian Gulf kudzera ku Iraq kudzera kummawa, ndipo Mtsinje wa Assi umadutsa kumadzulo kupita kunyanja ya Mediterranean kudzera ku Turkey. Madera omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kumpoto amakhala ochokera kunyanja yotentha ya Mediterranean, ndipo zigawo zakumwera ndizo nyengo yachipululu yotentha. Nyengo zinayi ndizosiyana, dera lachipululu silimagwa mvula yambiri nthawi yachisanu, ndipo chilimwe chimakhala chowuma komanso chotentha.

Dzikoli lagawika zigawo 14 ndi mizinda: Rural Damasiko, Homs, Hama, Latakia, Idlib, Tartus, Raqqa , Deir ez-Zor, Hassek, Dar'a, Suwayda, Kuneitra, Aleppo ndi Damasiko.

Syria ili ndi mbiri yazaka zoposa zikwi zinayi. Madera oyambilira anali mu 3000 BC. Kugonjetsedwa ndi Ufumu wa Asuri m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC. Mu 333 BC, gulu lankhondo laku Makedoniya lidaukira Syria. Anagwidwa ndi Aroma akale mu 64 BC. Kuphatikizidwa mgawo la Ufumu wa Aluya kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri. Nkhondo zankhondo zaku Europe zidalowa m'zaka za zana la 11. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 13, idalamulidwa ndi mafumu achi Mamluk ku Egypt. Idalandidwa ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman kwa zaka 400 kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 16th. Mu Epulo 1920, idasinthidwa kukhala udindo waku France. Kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, "Asitikali A French Omasuka" aku Britain ndi France adapita ku Syria limodzi. Pa Seputembara 27, 1941, wamkulu wankhondo wa "Free French Army", General Jadro adalengeza ufulu wa Syria mdzina la ogwirizana. Syria idakhazikitsa boma lake mu Ogasiti 1943. Mu Epulo 1946, asitikali aku France ndi aku Britain adakakamizidwa kuchoka.Syria idapeza ufulu wonse ndikukhazikitsa Syria Arab Republic. Pa February 1, 1958, Syria ndi Egypt zidalumikizana kukhala United Arab Republic. Pa Seputembara 28, 1961, Syria idadzipatula ku Arab League ndikukhazikitsanso Republic of Syria.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi yaying'ono yamakona anayi ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwake kwa 3: 2. Pamwamba pa mbendera pamakhala timakona tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tofiira, yoyera ndi yakuda tolumikizidwa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi.Gawo loyera, pali nyenyezi ziwiri zobiriwira zosongoka zisanu zofanana. Chofiira chimatanthauza kulimba mtima, zoyera zimaimira chiyero ndi kulolerana, chakuda ndi chizindikiro cha kupambana kwa Muhammad, mtundu wobiriwira ndiwo mtundu womwe amakonda kwambiri mbadwa za Muhammad, ndipo nyenyezi yosongoka isanu ikuimira kusintha kwa Aluya.

Syria ili ndi anthu 19.5 miliyoni (2006). Mwa iwo, Aluya amawerengera zoposa 80%, komanso ma Kurds, Armenia, Turkmen, ndi ena. Chiarabu ndicho chilankhulo chawo, ndipo Chingerezi ndi Chifalansa ndizofala. 85% yaomwe amakhulupirira Chisilamu ndipo 14% amakhulupirira Chikhristu. Mwa iwo, Asilamu a Sunni amawerengera 80% (pafupifupi 68% ya anthu adziko lonse), ma Shiite amawerengera 20%, ndipo Alawites amawerengera 75% ya ma Shiite (pafupifupi 11.5% ya anthu amtundu).

Syria ili ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe komanso mchere wambiri, makamaka mafuta, phosphate, gasi wachilengedwe, mchere wamwala, asphalt, ndi zina zambiri. Ulimi uli ndi udindo wofunikira pachuma chadziko ndipo ndi amodzi mwamayiko asanu omwe amatumiza zakudya kumayiko achiarabu. Maziko ogulitsa mafakitale ndi ofooka, chuma chaboma chimakhala chachikulu, ndipo mafakitale amakono ali ndi mbiriyakale yazaka zochepa chabe. Makampani omwe alipo alipo ogawidwa m'makampani opanga migodi, makampani opanga komanso opangira magetsi. Makampani opanga migodi amaphatikizapo mafuta, gasi, phosphate, ndi marble. Makampani opanga makamaka amaphatikizapo nsalu, chakudya, zikopa, mankhwala, simenti, fodya, ndi zina zambiri. Syria ili ndi malo odziwika bwino ofukula mabwinja komanso malo odyera nthawi yotentha. Izi zokopa alendo zimakopa alendo ambiri chaka chilichonse.

Syria ndi njira yoti mayiko ena ku Middle East alowe ndikutuluka kunyanja ya Mediterranean. Maulendo apamtunda, panyanja, komanso mlengalenga amakula bwino. Ili pamtunda wa makilomita 245 kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Damasiko, kuli mabwinja amzinda wa Taidemuer wotchedwa "Mkwatibwi M'chipululu". Unali tawuni yofunikira yolumikiza China ndi West Asia, misewu yamalonda yaku Europe ndi Silk Road yakale m'zaka za 2 mpaka 3 AD.

Damasiko: Mzinda wakale wodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse, Damasiko, likulu la Syria, unkadziwika kuti "mzinda wakumwamba" kalekale. Ili kumphepete kumanja kwa Mtsinje wa Balada kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Syria. Dera lamatawuni limamangidwa pamalo otsetsereka a Phiri la Kexin, lomwe limakhala pafupifupi makilomita 100. Inamangidwa cha m'ma 2000 BC. Mu 661 AD, mafumu achi Umayyad achiarabu adakhazikitsidwa pano. Pambuyo pa 750, inali ya mzera wa Abbasid ndipo idalamulidwa ndi Ottoman kwazaka mazana anayi.Anthu atsamunda aku France adalamulira zaka zopitilira 30 ufulu usanachitike. Ngakhale kuti Damasiko idutsa m'malo ambiri ndikukwera ndi kugwa, ikuyenerabe kutchedwa "City of Historic Sites" lero. Chipata cha Kaisan chomangidwa pafupi ndi mzinda wakale chidamangidwanso m'zaka za zana la 13 ndi 14th. Nthano imanena kuti St. Pambuyo pake, pamene St. Paul adathamangitsidwa ndi adani achikhristu, adayikidwa mudengu ndi okhulupirika ndikukwera pa Chipata cha Kaisan kuchokera kunyumba yachifumu ku Damasiko ndikuthawa ku Damasiko. Pambuyo pake, Mpingo wa St. Paul unamangidwa pano kuti uzikumbukira.

Khwalala lotchuka mumsewu wowongoka mumzindawu, womwe umayambira kum'mawa mpaka kumadzulo, unali mseu waukulu mzindawo munthawi yaulamuliro waku Roma wakale. Pakatikati mwa mzindawu ndi Martyrs Square, ndipo chifanizo cha mkuwa cha General Azim, wamkulu wa dziko lonse lapansi, chimangidwa pafupi. M'matawuni atsopanowa, pali nyumba zamaboma amakono, mzinda wamasewera, mzinda wamayunivesite, malo owonetsera zakale, chigawo cha kazembe, chipatala, banki, malo owonetsera makanema ndi zisudzo. Mumzindawu muli misikiti 250, yotchuka kwambiri ndi Umayyad Mosque, yomangidwa mu 705 AD ndipo ili pakati pa mzinda wakale.