Siriya, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika y’Abarabu ya Siriya, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 185.180 (harimo n’uburebure bwa Golan). Iherereye mu burengerazuba bw'umugabane wa Aziya, ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bw'inyanja ya Mediterane. Irahana imbibi na Turukiya mu majyaruguru, Iraki mu burasirazuba, Yorodani mu majyepfo, Libani na Palesitine mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, na Kupuro mu burengerazuba hakurya y'inyanja ya Mediterane. Inkombe y'inyanja ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 183. Igice kinini cy'ubutaka ni ikibaya kiva mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba kugera mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Ahanini igabanyijemo ibice bine: imisozi yuburengerazuba n’ibibaya by’imisozi; ikibaya cya Mediterane n’inyanja; ikibaya cy’imbere; ubutayu bwo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Siriya. Umusozi wa Sheikh mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba ni impinga ndende mu gihugu. Umugezi wa Efurate unyura mu kigobe cy'Ubuperesi unyuze muri Iraki unyuze mu burasirazuba, naho uruzi rwa Assi rutemba ruva mu burengerazuba rwerekeza mu nyanja ya Mediterane unyuze muri Turukiya. Uturere two ku nkombe n’amajyaruguru ni mu kirere cya subtropical Mediterranean, naho uturere two mu majyepfo ni two mu turere dushyuha. Ibihe bine biratandukanye, agace k'ubutayu kakira imvura nke mugihe cy'itumba kandi icyi cyumye kandi gishyushye.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo intara n’imijyi 14: Damasiko yo mu cyaro, Homs, Hama, Latakiya, Idlib, Tartus, Raqqa , Deir ez-Zor, Hassek, Dar'a, Suwayda, Qunaitra, Aleppo na Damasiko.

Siriya ifite amateka yimyaka irenga ibihumbi bine. Intara yambere-leta yabayeho muri 3000 mbere ya Yesu. Yatsinzwe n'Ingoma ya Ashuri mu kinyejana cya 8 mbere ya Yesu. Mu 333 mbere ya Yesu, ingabo za Makedoniya zateye Siriya. Yigaruriwe n'Abaroma ba kera muri 64 mbere ya Yesu. Yinjijwe mu ifasi y'Ubwami bw'Abarabu mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 7. Crusaders yu Burayi yateye mu kinyejana cya 11. Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 13, yategekwaga n'ingoma ya Mamluk yo mu Misiri. Yigaruriwe n'Ingoma ya Ottoman mu myaka 400 guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 16. Muri Mata 1920, yagabanijwe kugera kuri manda y'Ubufaransa. Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose itangiye, "Ingabo z’Abafaransa zigenga" z’Ubwongereza n’Ubufaransa zinjiye muri Siriya hamwe. Ku ya 27 Nzeri 1941, Jenerali Jadro, umugaba mukuru w’ingabo za "Free France Army", yatangaje ubwigenge bwa Siriya mu izina ry’abafatanyabikorwa. Siriya yashyizeho guverinoma yayo muri Kanama 1943. Muri Mata 1946, ingabo z’Abafaransa n’Ubwongereza zahatiwe kuvaho. Siriya yabonye ubwigenge busesuye maze ishinga Repubulika y’abarabu ya Siriya. Ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1958, Siriya na Misiri byinjiye muri Repubulika y’Abarabu. Ku ya 28 Nzeri 1961, Siriya yitandukanije n’umuryango w’abarabu yongera gushinga Repubulika y’abarabu ya Siriya.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 3: 2. Ubuso bwibendera bugizwe nuburyo butatu buringaniye buringaniye buringaniye bwumutuku, umweru numukara bihujwe kuva hejuru kugeza hasi. Mugice cyera, hariho ibyatsi bibiri bitanu-bitanu byerekana inyenyeri zingana. Umutuku ushushanya ubutwari, umweru ugereranya ubuziranenge no kwihanganirana, umukara ni ikimenyetso cyerekana intsinzi ya Muhamadi, icyatsi nicyo kibara gikundwa nabakomoka kuri Muhammad, naho inyenyeri eshanu zigereranya impinduramatwara yabarabu.

Siriya ituwe na miliyoni 19.5 (2006). Muri bo, abarabu bangana na 80%, kimwe n'Abanyakorde, Abanyarumeniya, Abanyaturukiya, n'ibindi. Icyarabu ni ururimi rwigihugu, kandi icyongereza nigifaransa gikunze gukoreshwa. 85% by'abaturage bemera Islam kandi 14% bemera ubukristu. Muri bo, Abayisilamu b'Abasuni bangana na 80% (hafi 68% by'abaturage b'igihugu), Abashiya bangana na 20%, naho Alawite bangana na 75% by'Abashiya (hafi 11.5% by'abaturage b'igihugu).

Siriya ifite imiterere karemano yubutunzi nubutunzi bukomeye bwamabuye y'agaciro, harimo peteroli, fosifate, gaze gasanzwe, umunyu wamabuye, na asfalt. Ubuhinzi bufite umwanya w'ingenzi mu bukungu bw'igihugu kandi ni umwe mu batanu bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu bihugu by'Abarabu. Urufatiro rwinganda rufite intege nke, ubukungu bwa leta bwiganje, kandi inganda zigezweho zifite amateka yimyaka mike gusa. Inganda ziriho zigabanyijemo inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, inganda zitunganya inganda n’amashanyarazi. Inganda zikora ubucukuzi zirimo peteroli, gaze karemano, fosifate, na marble. Inganda zitunganya cyane cyane imyenda, ibiryo, uruhu, imiti, sima, itabi, nibindi. Siriya ifite ahantu hazwi cyane mu bucukumbuzi no mu biruhuko. Umutungo wubukerarugendo ukurura ba mukerarugendo benshi buri mwaka.

Siriya ni koridoro y'ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati kwinjira no gusohoka mu nyanja ya Mediterane. Ubutaka, inyanja, n'ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere byateye imbere ugereranije. Iherereye mu birometero 245 mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Damasiko, hari amatongo y'umujyi wa Taidemuer uzwi ku izina rya "Umugeni mu butayu". Wari umujyi w'ingenzi wahuzaga Ubushinwa na Aziya y'Uburengerazuba, imihanda y'ubucuruzi yo mu Burayi n'umuhanda wa kera wa Silk mu kinyejana cya 2 kugeza mu cya 3 nyuma ya Yesu.

Damasiko: Umujyi wa kera uzwi cyane ku isi, Damasiko, umurwa mukuru wa Siriya, wari uzwi ku izina rya "umujyi wo mu ijuru" mu bihe bya kera. Iherereye ku nkombe iburyo bw'umugezi wa Balada mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Siriya. Agace ko mumijyi yubatswe kumusozi wa Kexin, gafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 100. Yubatswe ahagana mu 2000 mbere ya Yesu. Mu 661 nyuma ya Yesu, ingoma y'Abarabu Umayyad yashinzwe hano. Nyuma ya 750, yari iy'ingoma ya Abasi kandi yategekwaga na Ottoman mu binyejana 4. Abakoloni b'Abafaransa bategetse imyaka irenga 30 mbere y'ubwigenge. Nubwo Damasiko yahuye n’ibibazo kandi ikazamuka ikagwa, iracyakwiriye kwitwa "Umujyi w’amateka y’amateka" muri iki gihe. Irembo rya Kaisan ryubatswe hafi yumujyi wa kera ryongeye kubakwa mu kinyejana cya 13 na 14. Umugani uvuga ko Mutagatifu Pawulo, intumwa ya Yesu Kristo, yinjiye i Damasiko anyuze muri iri rembo. Nyuma, igihe Mutagatifu Pawulo yirukanwaga n'abanzi b'Ubukristo, yashyizwe mu gitebo n'abizerwa maze agwa ku Irembo rya Kaisan avuye mu kigo cya Damasiko, ahunga Damasiko. Nyuma, Itorero rya Mutagatifu Pawulo ryubatswe hano mu rwego rwo kwibuka.

Umuhanda uzwi cyane mumihanda igororotse yumujyi, uva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba, wari umuhanda munini wumujyi mugihe cyubutegetsi bwa Roma ya kera. Hagati y’umujyi ni Ikibuga cy’Abahowe Imana, kandi hafi yacyo hubatswe igishusho cy'umuringa cya Jenerali Azim, jenerali w’igihugu. Mu mujyi mushya, hari inyubako za leta zigezweho, umujyi wa siporo, umujyi wa kaminuza, inzu ndangamurage, akarere ka ambasade, ibitaro, banki, inzu yimikino n’ikinamico. Muri uyu mujyi hari imisigiti 250, izwi cyane muri yo ni Umusigiti wa Umayyad, wubatswe mu 705 nyuma ya Yesu kandi uherereye hagati mu mujyi wa kera. Ubwubatsi buhebuje ni umwe mu misigiti ya kera izwi cyane ku isi ya kisilamu.