Bulgaria Bayani na Asali
| Lokaci na gida | Lokacinku |
|---|---|
|
|
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| Yankin lokaci na gari | Bambancin yankin lokaci |
| UTC/GMT +2 awa |
| latitude / longitude |
|---|
| 42°43'47"N / 25°29'30"E |
| iso tsara |
| BG / BGR |
| kudin |
| Lev (BGN) |
| Harshe |
| Bulgarian (official) 76.8% Turkish 8.2% Roma 3.8% other 0.7% unspecified 10.5% (2011 est.) |
| wutar lantarki |
 Rubuta c Turai 2-pin F-type Shuko toshe |
| tutar ƙasa |
|---|
 |
| babban birni |
| Sofia |
| jerin bankuna |
| Bulgaria jerin bankuna |
| yawan jama'a |
| 7,148,785 |
| yanki |
| 110,910 KM2 |
| GDP (USD) |
| 53,700,000,000 |
| waya |
| 2,253,000 |
| Wayar salula |
| 10,780,000 |
| Adadin masu masaukin yanar gizo |
| 976,277 |
| Adadin masu amfani da Intanet |
| 3,395,000 |
Bulgaria gabatarwa
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Bulgaria tana da jimillar yanki kusan kilomita murabba'i 111,000 kuma tana kudu maso gabas na Yankin Balkan na Turai. Tana fuskantar Romania ta haye Kogin Danube zuwa arewa, Serbia da Macedonia zuwa yamma, Girka da Turkiya a kudu, da kuma Bahar Maliya a gabas.Gefen bakin teku yana da tsawon kilomita 378. Kashi 70% na dukkan yankin duwatsu ne da tsaunuka. tsaunukan Balkan sun ratsa tsakiyar, tare da babban Filayen Danube zuwa arewa, da tsaunukan Rhodope da na kwarin Maritsa zuwa kudu. Arewa tana da yanayin nahiyar, kuma kudu tana da yanayi na Bahar Rum tare da kyawawan halaye na halitta da ƙarancin gandun daji na kusan 30%. Bulgaria, cikakken sunan Jamhuriyar Bulgaria, ya mamaye yanki kilomita murabba'i 11,1001.9 (gami da ruwan kogi). Ya kasance a kudu maso gabashin yankin Balkan a Turai. Ya yi iyaka da Romania a arewa, Turkiya da Girka a kudu, Serbia da Montenegro (Yugoslavia) da Macedonia a yamma, da Bahar Maliya a gabas. Yankin bakin gabar yana da nisan kilomita 378. 70% na duk yankin yana da tudu da tudu. Duwatsun Balkan sun ratsa tsakiyar, tare da Fadada Danube zuwa arewa da tsaunukan Rhodope da kwarin Maritsa zuwa kudu. Babban tsaunin shine tsaunin Rila (babban tsaunin Musala yana da mita 2925 sama da matakin teku, wanda shine mafi girman tsauni a Yankin Balkan). Danube da Maritsa sune manyan koguna. Arewa tana da yanayin nahiya, sannan kudu tana da tekun Bahar Rum. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi shine Janairu -2-2 ℃ da Yuli 23-25 ℃. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 450 mm a filayen da 1,300 mm a yankunan tsaunuka. Yanayin yanayi ya fi kyau, tare da tsaunuka, tsaunuka, filayen da sauran filaye, tabkuna da rafuka suna tsallakawa, kuma gandun daji ya kusan 30%. An raba Bulgaria zuwa yankuna 28 da ƙauyuka 254. Kakannin Bulgaria su ne tsoffin 'yan Bulgaria da suka yi ƙaura daga Asiya ta Tsakiya kuma suka haɗu zuwa Daular Byzantine a cikin 395 AD. A shekara ta 681, karkashin jagorancin Han Asbaruch, Slav, tsoffin Bulgaria da Thracians sun fatattaki sojojin Byzantine kuma suka kafa Daular Slavic ta Bulgaria a cikin kwarin Danube (Masarautar Bulgaria ta farko a tarihi). A cikin 1018 kuma Byzantium ya sake mamaye ta. A cikin 1185 'yan Bulgaria sun yi tawaye kuma suka kafa Daular Bulgaria ta Biyu. A cikin 1396 ta mamaye daular Ottoman ta Turkiyya. Bayan kawo karshen yakin Rasha da Turkiya a shekarar 1877, Bulgaria ta sami 'yencin kai daga mulkin Turkawa kuma sau daya ta samu hadewa. Koyaya, Rasha, a gajiye saboda yaƙin, ba za ta iya jure matsin lambar Burtaniya, Jamus, Austro-Hungaria da sauran ƙasashen yamma ba.Kamar yadda "Yarjejeniyar Berlin" da aka sanya hannu a kan 13 ga Yuli, 1878, an raba Bulgaria zuwa uku: arewacin Masarautar Bulgaria, Rumilia ta Gabas da Makedoniya a kudu. A cikin 1885, Bulgaria ta sake fahimtar sake hadewar Arewa da Kudu. Bulgaria ta sha kashi a yaƙe-yaƙe biyu na duniya. An kifar da tsarin mulkin fascist a 1944 kuma an kafa gwamnatin Fatherland Front. An dakatar da mulkin mallaka a watan Satumba na shekarar 1946, kuma an sanar da Jamhuriyar Jama’ar Bulgaria a ranar 15 ga Satumba na wannan shekarar. A 1990 aka sake canza sunan kasar zuwa Jamhuriyar Bulgaria. Tutar kasa: Yana da murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu zuwa faɗi 5: 3. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa uku masu daidaici iri ɗaya da daidaita, waɗanda suke fari, kore, da ja daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Fari yana nuna kaunar mutane ga zaman lafiya da yanci, koren alama ce ta noma da kuma babbar arzikin kasar, sannan ja tana nuna jinin mayaka. Fari da ja launuka ne na gargajiya na tsohuwar daular Bohemia. Bulgaria tana da yawan jama'a miliyan 7.72 (har zuwa ƙarshen 2005). 'Yan Bulgaria suna da kashi 85%,' yan asalin kasar Turkiyya kuma suna da kashi 10%, sauran kuma sune gypsies. Bulgarian (dangin yare ne na Slavic) yare ne na yau da kullun da yaren gama gari, kuma Baturke shine babban yaren marasa rinjaye. Yawancin mazaunan sun yi imani da Cocin Orthodox, kuma 'yan kaɗan sun yi imani da Islama. Bulgaria ta talauce a cikin albarkatun ƙasa. Babban ma'adanai sune kwal, gubar, zinc, jan ƙarfe, ƙarfe, uranium, manganese, chromium, gishirin ma'adinai da ƙaramin mai. Yankin gandun daji ya kai hekta miliyan 3.88, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 35% na duk fadin kasar. Bao ƙasa ce mai noma a cikin tarihi, kuma manyan kayayyakin da take nomawa sune hatsi, taba, da kayan lambu. Musamman wajen sarrafa kayayyakin amfanin gona, sananne ne ga yogurt da fasahar hada giya. Manyan sassan masana'antu sun hada da karafa, kera injina, sinadarai, lantarki da lantarki, abinci da kayan masaka. A ƙarshen 1989, Baosteel ya canza zuwa sannu-sannu zuwa tattalin arzikin kasuwa, ya haɓaka tattalin arziki na mallakar mallakar iri-iri ciki har da mallakar masu zaman kansu a ƙarƙashin daidaito, kuma ya ba da fifiko ga ci gaban aikin noma, masana'antar haske, yawon buɗe ido da masana'antun ba da sabis. Kasuwancin ƙasashen waje yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin tattalin arzikin Bulgaria.Manyan kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su sune makamashi, sunadarai, kayan lantarki da sauran kayayyaki, yayin da kayayyakin da ake fitarwa ƙasashen galibi samfuran masana'antu ne masu sauƙi, sinadarai, abinci, injina, da ƙananan ƙarfe. Masana'antar yawon bude ido ta bunkasa sosai. Sofia: Sofia, babban birnin Bulgaria, ita ce cibiyar siyasa, tattalin arziki, da al'adun ƙasa, tana tsakiyar da yammacin Bulgaria, a cikin Tekun Sofia da ke kewaye da tsaunuka. Garin ya ratsa Kogin Iskar da rafuka, tare da fadin kilomita murabba'i 167 da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 1.2. Ana kiran Sofia Sedica da Sredtz a zamanin da kuma daga karshe an sanya mata suna Sofia bayan Cocin Saint Sofia a karni na 14. An sanya Sofia a matsayin babban birni a cikin 1879. Bulgaria ta ayyana independenceancin kai daga Daular Ottoman a cikin 1908, kuma Sofia ta zama babban birin Bulgaria. Sofia birni ne mai kyau na yawon buɗe ido kuma mashahurin birni ne na duniya. Tituna, murabba'ai, da wuraren zama suna kewaye da ciyayi, kuma akwai boulevards da yawa, lawns da lambuna a cikin biranen. Yawancin gine-ginen farare ne ko rawaya mai haske, suna nuna furanni da bishiyoyi masu launuka, suna sanya su nutsuwa da kyau. Akwai shagunan filawa da shagunan filawa da yawa akan tituna.'Yan ƙasa gabaɗaya suna son shuka furanni kuma suna ba da furanni.Masu mashahuri sune masu ɗorewa kamar dianthus, tulips da ja wardi. Daga dandalin Sofia da ke kan babban titin Rasha wanda aka shimfida tayal tayal zuwa gadar Eagle Bridge, akwai kyawawan lambuna 4 a kan hanya ƙasa da nisan kilomita ɗaya. A lokacin mamayar Sofia ta Daular Ottoman, garin ya yi barna mai yawa. Daga cikin tsoffin gine-gine, akwai gine-ginen Kiristocin farko biyu kawai - St. George's Church da aka gina a karni na 2 AD da Cocin St. Sofia da aka gina a farkon karni na 4. Ajiye shi. Akwai Dimitrov’s Mausoleum, Ginin Gwamnati, da kuma National Gallery a cikin babban filin. Kusan dukkanin tituna suna fita daga tsakiyar filin. Kusa da dandalin akwai Gidan Tarihin Juyin Juya Hali, Cocin Alexander Nevsky, da sauransu. Kusa da cocin akwai kabarin shahararren marubucin Bulgaria Vazov tare da bust shi. |