Buligariya, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Bulugariya, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 11.1001.9 (harimo n'amazi y'uruzi). Iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’igice cya Balkan mu Burayi. Irahana imbibi na Rumaniya mu majyaruguru, Turukiya n'Ubugereki mu majyepfo, Seribiya na Montenegro (Yugosilaviya) na Makedoniya mu burengerazuba, n'Inyanja Yirabura mu burasirazuba. Inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 378. 70% by'ubutaka bwose ni imisozi n'imisozi. Imisozi ya Balkan yambukiranya igice cyo hagati, hamwe n'ikibaya kinini cya Danube mu majyaruguru n'imisozi ya Rhodope no mu kibaya cya Maritsa mu majyepfo. Umusozi munini ni umusozi wa Rila (impinga nkuru ya Musala ifite metero 2925 hejuru yinyanja kandi ni impinga ndende mu gace ka Balkan). Danube na Maritsa ninzuzi nkuru. Amajyaruguru afite ikirere cyumugabane, naho amajyepfo afite ikirere cya Mediterane. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe ni Mutarama -2-2 ℃ na 23-25 ​​Nyakanga ℃. Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka ni mm 450 mubibaya na mm 1,300 mumisozi. Imiterere karemano irarenze, hamwe n'imisozi, imisozi, ibibaya nubundi butaka, ibiyaga ninzuzi byambukiranya, kandi amashyamba agera kuri 30%.

Buligariya igabanijwemo uturere 28 n'imidugudu 254.

Abakurambere b'Abanyababuligariya ni Abanyabuligariya ba kera bimukiye muri Aziya yo hagati maze binjira mu Bwami bwa Byzantine mu 395 nyuma ya Yesu. Mu 681, bayobowe na Han Asbaruch, Abasilave, Abanyabuligariya ba kera na Thraciya batsinze ingabo za Byzantine maze bashinga ubwami bw'Abasilave bwa Bulugariya mu kibaya cya Danube (Ubwami bwa mbere bwa Bulugariya mu mateka). Mu 1018 yongeye kwigarurirwa na Byzantium. Mu 1185, Abanyabuligariya barigometse bashiraho Ubwami bwa kabiri bwa Bulugariya. Mu 1396 yigaruriwe n'Ingoma ya Ottoman ya Turukiya. Nyuma y’intambara y’Uburusiya na Turukiya mu 1877, Bulugariya yabonye ubwigenge ku butegetsi bwa Turukiya kandi imaze kugera ku bumwe. Icyakora, Uburusiya bwananiwe n'intambara, ntibwashoboye kwihanganira igitutu cy'Abongereza, Abadage, Otirishiya-Hongiriya ndetse n'ibindi bihugu by'iburengerazuba. Dukurikije amasezerano ya "Berlin" yashyizweho umukono ku ya 13 Nyakanga 1878, Bulugariya yigabanyijemo ibice bitatu: amajyaruguru Igikomangoma cya Bulugariya, Uburasirazuba bwa Rumilia na Makedoniya mu majyepfo. Mu 1885, Buligariya yongeye kubona ubumwe bw'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo. Bulugariya yatsinzwe mu ntambara zombi z'isi. Ubutegetsi bwa fashiste bwahiritswe mu 1944 maze hashyirwaho guverinoma y’imbere. Ingoma ya cyami yavanyweho muri Nzeri 1946, maze Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Bulugariya itangazwa ku ya 15 Nzeri uwo mwaka. Igihugu cyahinduwe Repubulika ya Bulugariya mu 1990.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 5: 3. Igizwe nuburyo butatu buringaniye kandi buringaniye buringaniye, bwera, icyatsi, numutuku kuva hejuru kugeza hasi. Umuzungu ushushanya urukundo abaturage bakunda amahoro nubwisanzure, icyatsi kigereranya ubuhinzi nubutunzi bukuru bwigihugu, naho umutuku ugereranya amaraso yabarwanyi. Umweru n'umutuku ni amabara gakondo yubwami bwa kera bwa Bohemia.

Buligariya ituwe na miliyoni 7,72 (guhera mu mpera za 2005). Abanyabuligariya bangana na 85%, abenegihugu ba Turukiya bangana na 10%, abasigaye ni abasaveri. Ikibuligariya (umuryango w’ururimi rwigisilave) ni ururimi rwemewe n’ururimi rusanzwe, naho Turukiya ni rwo rurimi nyamukuru. Benshi mubaturage bizera Itorero rya orotodogisi naho bake bemera Islam.

Bulugariya irakennye mumitungo kamere. Amabuye y'agaciro nyamukuru ni amakara, isasu, zinc, umuringa, icyuma, uranium, manganese, chromium, imyunyu ngugu na peteroli nkeya. Ubuso bw'amashyamba ni hegitari miliyoni 3.88, bingana na 35% by'ubuso bw'igihugu. Bao nigihugu cyubuhinzi mumateka, nibicuruzwa byingenzi byubuhinzi ni ibinyampeke, itabi, nimboga. Cyane cyane mugutunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi, bizwi cyane mu buhanga bwa yogurt na divayi. Inzego nyamukuru zinganda zirimo metallurgie, gukora imashini, imiti, amashanyarazi na elegitoroniki, ibiryo n’imyenda. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1989, Baosteel yagiye buhoro buhoro yinjira mu bukungu bw'isoko, ateza imbere ubukungu butandukanye bwa nyir'ubwite harimo n'abikorera ku giti cyabo mu bihe bingana, kandi ashyira imbere iterambere ry'ubuhinzi, inganda zoroheje, ubukerarugendo n'inganda za serivisi. Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bufite umwanya w’ingenzi mu bukungu bwa Bulugariya.Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru bitumizwa mu mahanga ni ingufu, imiti, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’ibindi bicuruzwa, mu gihe ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ahanini biva mu nganda zoroheje, imiti, ibiryo, imashini, n’ibyuma bidafite fer. Inganda zubukerarugendo zateye imbere ugereranije.

Sofiya: Sofiya, umurwa mukuru wa Bulugariya, ni ikigo cya politiki, ubukungu, n'umuco mu gihugu. Iherereye muri Bulugariya rwagati no mu burengerazuba, mu kibaya cya Sofiya gikikijwe n'imisozi. Uyu mujyi ukikije uruzi rwa Iskar n’inzuzi zawo, rufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 167 kandi abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.2. Sofiya yitwaga Sedica na Sredtz mu bihe bya kera.Yahavuye yitwa Sofiya nyuma y'itorero rya Mutagatifu Sofiya mu kinyejana cya 14. Sofiya yagizwe umurwa mukuru mu 1879. Bulugariya yatangaje ubwigenge ku Bwami bwa Ottoman mu 1908, maze Sofiya iba umurwa mukuru wigenga wa Bulugariya.

Sofiya ni ahantu heza h'ubukerarugendo n'umujyi uzwi cyane ku isi. Umuhanda wacyo, ibibuga, hamwe n’ahantu ho gutura hazengurutswe nicyatsi, kandi hari ibibari byinshi, ibyatsi nubusitani mumujyi. Inyinshi mu nyubako zera cyangwa umuhondo werurutse, zigaragaza indabyo n'ibiti by'amabara, bigatuma zituza cyane kandi nziza. Hano hari amaduka menshi yindabyo hamwe n’ahantu hacururizwa indabyo kumuhanda.Abenegihugu muri rusange bakunda guhinga indabyo no kubaha indabyo.Icyamamare cyane ni dianthus, tulipi na roza zitukura. Kuva kuri Sofiya Square hafi yubugari bwagutse bwuburusiya bwubatswe namatafari yubutaka kugeza ikiraro cya Eagle, hari ubusitani 4 bwiza kumuhanda utarenze kilometero imwe.

Mu gihe cyo kwigarurira Sofiya n'Ingoma ya Ottoman, umujyi wangiritse cyane. Mu nyubako za kera, hari inyubako ebyiri za gikirisitu zo hambere-Itorero rya George ryubatswe mu kinyejana cya 2 nyuma ya Yesu n'Itorero rya Mutagatifu Sofiya ryubatswe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 4 Bika. Hano hari imva ya Dimitrov, Inyubako ya Guverinoma, hamwe n’Ingoro y’igihugu mu kibanza cyo hagati.Imihanda hafi ya yose ishami ishami riva mu kibuga hagati. Hafi yikibuga hari inzu ndangamurage ya Revolution, Itorero rya Alexander Nevsky, nibindi. Iruhande rw'iryo torero hari imva y'umwanditsi uzwi cyane wo muri Bulugariya witwa Vazov hamwe na bust ye.