Bulgaria yakakamurwa kuita makumi maviri nemasere matunhu nemazana maviri nemakumi mana nemana.

Madzitateguru evaBulgaria vaive vekare maBulgaria vakatama kubva kuCentral Asia uye vakabatana kupinda muByzantine Humambo muna 395 AD. Muna 681, vachitungamirwa naHan Asbaruch, maSlav, vekare maBulgaria nemaThracian vakakunda uto reByzantine uye vakasimbisa Slavic Kingdom yeBulgaria muDanube Valley (Humambo hwekutanga hweBulgaria munhoroondo). Muna 1018 zvakare yakatorwa neByzantium. Muna 1185 maBulgaria akamukira ndokumisa Second Kingdom yeBulgaria. Muna 1396 yaitorwa neTurkey Ottoman Humambo. Mushure mekuguma kwehondo yeRussia neTurkey muna 1877, Bulgaria yakawana kuzvitonga kubva mukutonga kweTurkey uye yakambowana kubatana. Zvisinei, Russia, yakaneta nehondo, haina kugona kumanikidza kumanikidzwa nemaBritish, maGerman, maAustro-Hungary nemamwe masimba ekuMadokero .. Maererano ne "Chibvumirano cheBerlin" chakasainwa musi waChikunguru 13, 1878, Bulgaria yakakamurwa kuva matatu: kuchamhembe Hukuru hweBulgaria, Eastern Rumilia neMacedonia kumaodzanyemba. Muna 1885, Bulgaria zvakare yakaona kubatanidzwazve kweNorth neSouth. Bulgaria yakakundwa muhondo dzenyika mbiri. Hutongi hwechiFascist hwakapidigurwa muna 1944 uye hurumende yeFatherland Front yakagadzwa. Humambo hwakabviswa munaGunyana 1946, uye Bulgarian People's Republic yakaziviswa musi waGunyana 15 wegore rimwe chetero. Nyika yakapihwa zita rekuti Republic of Bulgaria muna 1990.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatetepa ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe5: 3. Iyo inoumbwa nematatu akaenzana uye akaenzana akatwasuka rectangles, ayo ari machena, girini, uye akatsvuka kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Ichena inoratidzira rudo rwevanhu rwerunyararo nerusununguko, girini inomiririra kurima uye hupfumi hukuru hwenyika, uye tsvuku inomiririra ropa revarwi. Muchena uye mutsvuku ndiwo echinyakare mavara ehumambo hwekare hweBohemia.

Bulgaria ine huwandu hwevanhu 7.72 mamirioni (sekuguma kwa2005). VaBulgaria vanoverenga 85%, nyika dzeTurkey dzinoverengera 10%, uye mamwe ese maGypsy. ChiBulgaria (mhuri yemutauro wechiSlavic) ndiwo mutauro wepamutemo uye wakajairika, uye chiTurkey ndiwo mutauro wevashoma. Vazhinji vevagari vanotenda muChechi yeOrthodox, uye vashoma vanotenda muchiIslam.

Bulgaria yakashata mune zviwanikwa. Iwo makuru emaminetsi anoiswa marasha, lead, zinc, mhangura, iron, uranium, manganese, chromium, mineral salts uye shoma shoma peturu. Iyo sango nzvimbo ndeye 3.88 mamirioni mahekita, achiverengera ingangoita 35% yenzvimbo yakazara yenyika. Bao inyika yekurima munhoroondo, uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvekurima zviyo, fodya, nemiriwo. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa neiyo yogati uye newaini yekubika tekinoroji mune zvekurima zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu zvinosanganisira simbi, kugadzira michina, makemikari, magetsi nemagetsi, chikafu nemachira. Pakupera kwa1989, Baosteel zvishoma nezvishoma yakachinjira kuhupfumi hwemusika, yakagadzira hupfumi hwakawanda hwevaridzi kusanganisira hupfumi hwevanhu pasi pemamiriro akaenzana, uye yakapa pekutanga kuvandudzwa kwekurima, indasitiri yechiedza, kushanya, uye maindasitiri ebasa. Kunze kwekutengeserana kune chinzvimbo chakakosha muhupfumi hweBulgaria.Zvinhu zvikuru zvinounzwa kunze isimba, makemikari, zvemagetsi nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, nepo zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zviri zvakanyanya zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri akareruka, makemikari, chikafu, michina, uye nesimbi isiri feri. Iyo indasitiri yekushanya yakagadziridzwa.

Sofia: Sofia, guta guru reBulgaria, inzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika, zveupfumi, uye zvetsika. Iri pakati nepakati kumadokero kweBulgaria, muSofia Basin yakakomberedzwa nemakomo. Guta rino mhiri kwerwizi rweIskar nemitero yayo, ine nzvimbo yemakiromita mazana matanhatu nematanhatu uye huwandu hwevanhu vangangosvika miriyoni imwe nemazana maviri. Sofia akadaidzwa kuti Sedica naSredtz munguva dzekare.Zvakazopedzisira zvatumidzwa Sofia zita reSaint Sofia Church muzana ramakore regumi nemana. Sofia akasarudzwa kuve guta guru muna 1879. Bulgaria yakazivisa rusununguko kubva kuOttoman Humambo muna 1908, uye Sofia yakava guta rakazvimirira reBulgaria.

Sofia inzvimbo inonakidza yevashanyi uye guta rine mukurumbira pasi rese. Migwagwa yaro, makwere, nenzvimbo dzekugara dzakakomberedzwa negreenery, uye kune akawanda boulevards, huswa uye mapindu munharaunda yemadhorobha. Mazhinji ezvivakwa akachena kana akacheneruka yero, zvichiratidza maruva ane mavara nemiti, zvichivaita vakanyarara uye vakashongedzwa. Kune zvitoro zvakawanda zvemaruva uye zvitoro zvemaruva mumigwagwa.Vagari vanowanzo farira kudyara maruva uye kupa maruva.Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyekutsungirira dianthus, tulips uye matsvuku maruva. Kubva kuSofia Square uchitevedza yakafara boulevard yeRussia yakavezwa nematiles eceramic kuenda kuEagle Bridge, kune mana magadheni akanaka mumugwagwa isingasviki kiromita imwe chete.

Panguva yekutapa Sofia neOttoman Humambo, guta rakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya.Pakati pezvivakwa zvekare, pane chete mairi maviri ekutanga dzimba dzevaKristu-Chechi yeGeorge yakavakwa muzana ramakore rechipiri AD uye Chechi yaSt Sofia yakavakwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore Sevha. Kune maMausoleum eDimitrov, Hurumende Kuvaka, neNational Gallery munzvimbo yepakati. Inenge migwagwa yose inobuda kubva pakati pechivara. Pedyo nekwere pane Revolution Museum, Alexander Nevsky Church, nezvimwe. Padivi pekereke iri guva remunyori anozivikanwa wechiBulgaria Vazov ane chipfuva chake.