Bharugeriya Ruzivo rwekutanga
Nguva yemunharaunda | Nguva yako |
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Yenguva yenguva | Nguva zone musiyano |
UTC/GMT +2 awa |
latitude / longitude |
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42°43'47"N / 25°29'30"E |
iso encoding |
BG / BGR |
mari |
Revh (BGN) |
Mutauro |
Bulgarian (official) 76.8% Turkish 8.2% Roma 3.8% other 0.7% unspecified 10.5% (2011 est.) |
magetsi |
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mureza wenyika |
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guta guru |
Sofia |
mazita emabhangi |
Bharugeriya mazita emabhangi |
huwandu hwevanhu |
7,148,785 |
nzvimbo |
110,910 KM2 |
GDP (USD) |
53,700,000,000 |
runhare |
2,253,000 |
Nharembozha |
10,780,000 |
Nhamba yeInternet inomiririra |
976,277 |
Nhamba yevashandisi veInternet |
3,395,000 |
Bharugeriya sumo
Bulgaria ine nzvimbo izere neinosvika 111,000 mativi emakiromita uye iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEuropean Balkan Peninsula. Inotarisana neRomania kuyambuka rwizi rweDanube kuchamhembe, Serbia neMacedonia kumadokero, Girisi neTurkey kumaodzanyemba, uye Gungwa Dema kumabvazuva.Mhenderekedzo yegungwa yakareba makiromita mazana matatu nemakumi masere nesere. 70% yenharaunda yese makomo nezvikomo.Makomo eBalkan anodarika nepakati, neDanube Plain yakakura kuchamhembe, uye maRhodope Mountains neMaritsa Valley lowlands kumaodzanyemba. Iyo yekuchamhembe inzvimbo yekondinendi, uye maodzanyemba mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean, aine mamiriro epamusoro echisikigo uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwemasango hunosvika makumi matatu muzana. - Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBalkan Peninsula muEurope. Iri pamuganhu neRomania kuchamhembe, Turkey neGirisi kumaodzanyemba, Serbia neMontenegro (Yugoslavia) neMacedonia kumadokero, uye Gungwa Dema kumabvazuva. Mahombekombe egungwa akareba makiromita 378. 70% yenharaunda yese ine makomo uye makomo. Makomo eBalkan anodarika nepakati, neDanube Plain yakakura kuchamhembe, uye maRhodope Mountains neMaritsa Valley lowlands kumaodzanyemba. Iyo huru yemakomo renzvimbo ndeyeRila makomo renji (iyo yepamusoro pegomo Musala iri 2925 metres pamusoro pegungwa uye ndiyo yepamusoro soro muBalkan Peninsula). Iyo Danube neMaritsa ndiyo nzizi huru. Kuchamhembe kune mamiriro ekunze ekunze, uye kumaodzanyemba kune mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean. Ivhareji tembiricha ndiNdira - 2-2 ℃ uye Chikunguru 23-25 ℃. Ivhareji yemvura inonaya pagore ndeye 450 mm mumapani uye 1,300 mm munzvimbo dzemakomo. Mamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo akakwirira, nemakomo, zvikomo, mapani uye mamwe materu, nyanza, nzizi, uye kufukidzwa kwemasango anenge 30%. Bulgaria yakakamurwa kuita makumi maviri nemasere matunhu nemazana maviri nemakumi mana nemana. Madzitateguru evaBulgaria vaive vekare maBulgaria vakatama kubva kuCentral Asia uye vakabatana kupinda muByzantine Humambo muna 395 AD. Muna 681, vachitungamirwa naHan Asbaruch, maSlav, vekare maBulgaria nemaThracian vakakunda uto reByzantine uye vakasimbisa Slavic Kingdom yeBulgaria muDanube Valley (Humambo hwekutanga hweBulgaria munhoroondo). Muna 1018 zvakare yakatorwa neByzantium. Muna 1185 maBulgaria akamukira ndokumisa Second Kingdom yeBulgaria. Muna 1396 yaitorwa neTurkey Ottoman Humambo. Mushure mekuguma kwehondo yeRussia neTurkey muna 1877, Bulgaria yakawana kuzvitonga kubva mukutonga kweTurkey uye yakambowana kubatana. Zvisinei, Russia, yakaneta nehondo, haina kugona kumanikidza kumanikidzwa nemaBritish, maGerman, maAustro-Hungary nemamwe masimba ekuMadokero .. Maererano ne "Chibvumirano cheBerlin" chakasainwa musi waChikunguru 13, 1878, Bulgaria yakakamurwa kuva matatu: kuchamhembe Hukuru hweBulgaria, Eastern Rumilia neMacedonia kumaodzanyemba. Muna 1885, Bulgaria zvakare yakaona kubatanidzwazve kweNorth neSouth. Bulgaria yakakundwa muhondo dzenyika mbiri. Hutongi hwechiFascist hwakapidigurwa muna 1944 uye hurumende yeFatherland Front yakagadzwa. Humambo hwakabviswa munaGunyana 1946, uye Bulgarian People's Republic yakaziviswa musi waGunyana 15 wegore rimwe chetero. Nyika yakapihwa zita rekuti Republic of Bulgaria muna 1990. Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatetepa ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe5: 3. Iyo inoumbwa nematatu akaenzana uye akaenzana akatwasuka rectangles, ayo ari machena, girini, uye akatsvuka kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Ichena inoratidzira rudo rwevanhu rwerunyararo nerusununguko, girini inomiririra kurima uye hupfumi hukuru hwenyika, uye tsvuku inomiririra ropa revarwi. Muchena uye mutsvuku ndiwo echinyakare mavara ehumambo hwekare hweBohemia. Bulgaria ine huwandu hwevanhu 7.72 mamirioni (sekuguma kwa2005). VaBulgaria vanoverenga 85%, nyika dzeTurkey dzinoverengera 10%, uye mamwe ese maGypsy. ChiBulgaria (mhuri yemutauro wechiSlavic) ndiwo mutauro wepamutemo uye wakajairika, uye chiTurkey ndiwo mutauro wevashoma. Vazhinji vevagari vanotenda muChechi yeOrthodox, uye vashoma vanotenda muchiIslam. Bulgaria yakashata mune zviwanikwa. Iwo makuru emaminetsi anoiswa marasha, lead, zinc, mhangura, iron, uranium, manganese, chromium, mineral salts uye shoma shoma peturu. Iyo sango nzvimbo ndeye 3.88 mamirioni mahekita, achiverengera ingangoita 35% yenzvimbo yakazara yenyika. Bao inyika yekurima munhoroondo, uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvekurima zviyo, fodya, nemiriwo. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa neiyo yogati uye newaini yekubika tekinoroji mune zvekurima zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu zvinosanganisira simbi, kugadzira michina, makemikari, magetsi nemagetsi, chikafu nemachira. Pakupera kwa1989, Baosteel zvishoma nezvishoma yakachinjira kuhupfumi hwemusika, yakagadzira hupfumi hwakawanda hwevaridzi kusanganisira hupfumi hwevanhu pasi pemamiriro akaenzana, uye yakapa pekutanga kuvandudzwa kwekurima, indasitiri yechiedza, kushanya, uye maindasitiri ebasa. Kunze kwekutengeserana kune chinzvimbo chakakosha muhupfumi hweBulgaria.Zvinhu zvikuru zvinounzwa kunze isimba, makemikari, zvemagetsi nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, nepo zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zviri zvakanyanya zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri akareruka, makemikari, chikafu, michina, uye nesimbi isiri feri. Iyo indasitiri yekushanya yakagadziridzwa. Sofia: Sofia, guta guru reBulgaria, inzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika, zveupfumi, uye zvetsika. Iri pakati nepakati kumadokero kweBulgaria, muSofia Basin yakakomberedzwa nemakomo. Guta rino mhiri kwerwizi rweIskar nemitero yayo, ine nzvimbo yemakiromita mazana matanhatu nematanhatu uye huwandu hwevanhu vangangosvika miriyoni imwe nemazana maviri. Sofia akadaidzwa kuti Sedica naSredtz munguva dzekare.Zvakazopedzisira zvatumidzwa Sofia zita reSaint Sofia Church muzana ramakore regumi nemana. Sofia akasarudzwa kuve guta guru muna 1879. Bulgaria yakazivisa rusununguko kubva kuOttoman Humambo muna 1908, uye Sofia yakava guta rakazvimirira reBulgaria. Sofia inzvimbo inonakidza yevashanyi uye guta rine mukurumbira pasi rese. Migwagwa yaro, makwere, nenzvimbo dzekugara dzakakomberedzwa negreenery, uye kune akawanda boulevards, huswa uye mapindu munharaunda yemadhorobha. Mazhinji ezvivakwa akachena kana akacheneruka yero, zvichiratidza maruva ane mavara nemiti, zvichivaita vakanyarara uye vakashongedzwa. Kune zvitoro zvakawanda zvemaruva uye zvitoro zvemaruva mumigwagwa.Vagari vanowanzo farira kudyara maruva uye kupa maruva.Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyekutsungirira dianthus, tulips uye matsvuku maruva. Kubva kuSofia Square uchitevedza yakafara boulevard yeRussia yakavezwa nematiles eceramic kuenda kuEagle Bridge, kune mana magadheni akanaka mumugwagwa isingasviki kiromita imwe chete. Panguva yekutapa Sofia neOttoman Humambo, guta rakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya.Pakati pezvivakwa zvekare, pane chete mairi maviri ekutanga dzimba dzevaKristu-Chechi yeGeorge yakavakwa muzana ramakore rechipiri AD uye Chechi yaSt Sofia yakavakwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore Sevha. Kune maMausoleum eDimitrov, Hurumende Kuvaka, neNational Gallery munzvimbo yepakati. Inenge migwagwa yose inobuda kubva pakati pechivara. Pedyo nekwere pane Revolution Museum, Alexander Nevsky Church, nezvimwe. Padivi pekereke iri guva remunyori anozivikanwa wechiBulgaria Vazov ane chipfuva chake. |