[Profile] The largest country in the South Asian subcontinent. It borders China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, Myanmar to the east, Sri Lanka across the sea to the southeast, and Pakistan to the northwest. It borders the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west, with a coastline of 5560 kilometers. Generally it has a tropical monsoon climate. The year is divided into three seasons: cool season (October to March of the following year), summer season (April to June) and rainy season (July to September). Rainfall fluctuates frequently, and the distribution is uneven. The time difference with Beijing is 2.5 hours.

One of the four ancient civilizations in the world. The Indus civilization was created between 2500 and 1500 BC. Around 1500 BC, the Aryans who originally lived in Central Asia entered the South Asian subcontinent, conquered the local indigenous people, established some small slavery countries, established the caste system, and the rise of Brahmanism. It was unified by the Maurya Dynasty in the 4th century BC. During the reign of King Ashoka, the territory was vast, the regime was strong, and Buddhism flourished and began to spread. The Maurya Dynasty fell in the 2nd century BC, and the small country split up. The Gupta dynasty was established in the 4th century AD, and later became a centralized power, ruled for more than 200 years. By the 6th century, there were many small countries, and Hinduism emerged. In 1526, the descendants of Mongolian nobles established the Mughal Empire and became one of the world's powers at that time. In 1619, the British East India Company established its first stronghold in northwestern India. From 1757, India gradually became a British colony, and in 1849 it was completely occupied by the British. The contradictions between the Indian people and the British colonists continued to intensify, and the national movement flourished. In June 1947, Britain announced the "Mountbatten Plan", dividing India into two dominions of India and Pakistan. On August 15th of the same year, India and Pakistan were divided and India became independent. On January 26, 1950, the Republic of India was established as a member of the British Commonwealth.

[Politics] The National Congress Party has been in power for a long time after independence, and the opposition party has been in power for two brief periods from 1977 to 1979 and from 1989 to 1991. From 1996 to 1999, the political situation was unstable, and three general elections were held successively, resulting in a five-term government. From 1999 to 2004, the 24-party National Democratic Alliance (National Democratic Alliance) led by the Bharatiya Janata Party was in power, and Vajpayee served as prime minister.

From April to May 2004, the United Progressive Alliance led by the National Congress Party won the 14th People’s House election. The Congress Party has the priority to form a cabinet. Sonia Gandhi, chairman of the Congress Party, was appointed as the leader of the Congress Party’s parliamentary caucus, Manmohan Singh was appointed as prime minister, and a new government was established. According to the "Minimum Common Program", the government of the Alliance for Solidarity and Progress internally emphasizes safeguarding the rights and interests of socially disadvantaged groups, implements humane economic reforms, increases investment in education and health, and maintains social harmony and regional balanced development; externally emphasizes diplomatic independence and prioritizes improving relations with neighbors State relations, attach importance to the development of relations with major countries.

Reposted from the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

New Delhi: The capital of India, New Delhi (New Delhi) is located in northern India, east of the Yamuna River (also translated : Jumuna River), the old city of Delhi (Shahjahanabad) in the northeast, is the political, economic and cultural center of the country. The population of New Delhi and Old Delhi totaled 12.8 million (2001). New Delhi was originally a desolate slope. Construction of the city began in 1911 and took shape in early 1929. Became the capital since 1931. India became the capital after independence in 1947.

The city is centered on Mlas Square, and the city streets extend radially and cobwebs in all directions. Most of the magnificent buildings are concentrated in the city center. The main government agencies are concentrated on both sides of the wide avenue that stretches several kilometers from the Presidential Palace to the Gateway of India. The small white, light yellow and light green buildings are scattered among the dense green trees. The Parliament Building is a large disc-shaped building surrounded by tall white marble columns. It is a typical Central Asian Minor building, but the eaves and column heads are all carved in Indian style. The roof of the Presidential Palace is a huge hemispherical structure with a distinctly Mughal legacy.

In New Delhi, temples and temples can be seen everywhere. The most famous temple is the Rahimi-Narain Temple funded by the Birla Consortium. The Connaught Market at the west end of the city is a new and ingenious building with a disc shape and is the largest commercial center in New Delhi.

In addition, there are also places of interest such as the Palace of Arts and Museums, as well as the famous Delhi University and many scientific research institutions. Handicrafts such as ivory carvings, handicraft paintings, gold and silver embroidery, ornaments and bronzes are also famous throughout the country.

Mumbai: Mumbai, a large city on the west coast of India and the country’s largest seaport. It is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. On the island of Mumbai, 16 kilometers from the coast, there is a bridge connected to the causeway. It was occupied by Portugal in 1534 and transferred to Britain in 1661, making it an important trading center. Mumbai is the gateway to the west of India. The port area is on the east side of the island, with a length of 20 kilometers and a water depth of 10-17 meters. It is a natural shelter from the wind. Export cotton, cotton fabrics, flour, peanuts, jute, fur and cane sugar. There are international shipping and aviation lines. The largest industrial and commercial city second only to Kolkata, and the country's largest cotton textile center, both spindles and looms account for about one-third of the country. There are also industries such as wool, leather, chemical, pharmaceutical, machinery, food, and film industries. Petrochemical, fertilizer, and nuclear power generation have also developed rapidly. Oilfields on the continental shelf are exploited offshore, and the oil refining industry has developed rapidly.

Mumbai has a population of approximately 13 million (2006). It is the most populous city in India and one of the most populous cities in the world. The Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), which includes neighboring suburbs, has a population of approximately 25 million. Mumbai is the sixth largest metropolitan area in the world. As the average annual population growth rate reaches 2.2%, it is expected that by 2015, the population ranking of the Mumbai metropolitan area will rise to the fourth place in the world.

Mumbai is the business and entertainment capital of India, with important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and many The headquarters of the Indian company. The city is the home base of India's Hindi film and television industry (called Bollywood). Due to its vast business opportunities and relatively high standard of living, Mumbai has attracted immigrants from all over India, making the city a hodgepodge of various social groups and cultures. Mumbai has several World Cultural Heritage sites such as the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminal and the Elephanta Caves. It is also a very rare city with a national park (Sanjay-Gandhi National Park) within the city boundary.