[Nhoroondo] Iyo nyika hombe muSouth Asia kondinendi. Inogumira China, Nepal, uye Bhutan kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Myanmar kumabvazuva, Sri Lanka kuyambuka gungwa kuenda kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, uye Pakistan kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Inogumira Gungwa reBengal kumabvazuva uye Gungwa reArabia kumadokero, ine mahombekombe emakiromita 5560. Kazhinji ine mamiriro ekunze anonaya, uye gore rakakamurwa kuita mwaka mitatu: mwaka unotonhorera (Gumiguru kusvika Kurume wegore rinotevera), mwaka wezhizha (Kubvumbi kusvika Chikumi) uye mwaka wemvura (Chikunguru kusvika Gunyana). Mvura inonaya inochinja-chinja kazhinji, uye kugoverwa hakuna kuenzana. Musiyano wenguva neBeijing maawa maviri nehafu.

Imwe yedzidziso ina dzekare munyika. Iyo Indus budiriro yakagadzirwa pakati pe2500 ne1500 BC. Makore ekuma1500 BC, maAryan avo vaigara kuCentral Asia vakapinda muSouth Asia kontinent, vakakunda vanhu veko, vakatanga nyika diki dzehuranda, vakatanga hurongwa hwedzinza, uye kusimuka kweBrahmanism. Yakanga yakabatanidzwa neMaurya Dynasty muzana ramakore rechina BC. Munguva yekutonga kwaMambo Ashoka, ndima yacho yaive yakakura, hutongi hwaive hwakasimba, uye chiBuddha chakabudirira ndokutanga kupararira. Dzinza reMaurya rakadonha muzana ramakore rechipiri BC, uye nyika diki yakakamukana. Dzinza raGupta rakavambwa muzana ramakore rechina AD, uye gare gare rakava simba repakati, rakatonga kweanopfuura makore mazana maviri. Pakazosvika zana ramakore rechitanhatu, pakanga paine nyika diki zhinji, uye chiHindu chakabuda. Muna 1526, vazukuru vevaMongolian vanokudzwa vakagadza Humambo hweMughal uye vakave rimwe remasimba epasi panguva iyoyo. Muna 1619, yeBritish East India Kambani yakatanga nhare yayo yekutanga kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweIndia. Kubva muna 1757, India zvishoma nezvishoma yakava nyika yeBritish, uye muna 1849 yakagara zvachose nemaBritish. Kupesana pakati pevanhu veIndia nemaBritish colonists kwakaramba kuchikura, uye kufamba kwenyika kwakabudirira. Muna Chikumi 1947, Britain yakazivisa "Mountbatten Chirongwa", ichipatsanura India kumatunhu maviri eIndia nePakistan. Musi waAugust 15 wegore rimwe chete, India nePakistan zvakakamurwa uye India yakazvimiririra. Musi waNdira 26, 1950, iyo Republic of India yakavambwa senhengo yeBritish Commonwealth.

[Zvematongerwo enyika] Mushure mekuwana kuzvitonga, National Congress Party yakagara ichitonga kwenguva yakareba, uye bato rinopikisa rave kutonga kwenguva pfupi kubva 1977 kusvika 1979 uye kubva 1989 kusvika 1991. Kubva muna1996 kusvika 1999, mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika aive asina kugadzikana, uye sarudzo nhatu dzakaitwa dzakateedzana, zvichizoguma nehurumende yemakore mashanu. Kubva 1999 kusvika 2004, bato makumi maviri nemana reNational Democratic Alliance rinotungamirwa neBharatiya Janata Party raive riri musimba, uye Vajpayee akashanda semutungamiriri.

Kubva muna Kubvumbi kusvika Chivabvu 2004, United Progressive Alliance inotungamirwa neNational Congress Party yakakunda sarudzo yegumi nemana yePeople's House. Bato reCongress rine pamberi pekuumba kabhineti. Sonia Gandhi, sachigaro weCongress Party, akagadzwa kuve mutungamiri wekongiresi yeCongress Party yeparamende, Manmohan Singh akagadzwa semutungamiriri, uye hurumende nyowani yakatangwa. Sekureva kwe "Minimum Common Chirongwa", hurumende yeAlliance for Solidarity uye Progress mukati inosimbisa kuchengetedza kodzero uye zvido zvemapoka akatambura munharaunda, kuita shanduko yehupfumi hwevanhu, kuwedzera kudyara mune zvedzidzo uye hutano, uye kuchengetedza hukama hwemagariro pamwe nekusimudzira matunhu. Hukama hweHurumende, sanganisira kukosha mukusimudzira hukama nenyika huru.

Yakadzoreredzwa kubva pawebhusaiti ye Ministry of Foreign Affairs

New Delhi: Guta guru reIndia, New Delhi (New Delhi) iri kuchamhembe kweIndia, kumabvazuva kweRwizi Yamuna (zvakare rakashandurwa : Jumuna River), iro guta rekare reDelhi (Shahjahanabad) kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, inzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika, yezvehupfumi uye yetsika yenyika. Vagari veNew Delhi neOld Delhi vanosvika 12.8 mamirioni (2001). New Delhi pakutanga yaive dongo renzvimbo. Kuvakwa kweguta kwakatanga muna 1911 uye kwakaumbwa kutanga kwa1929. Akava guta guru kubva muna 1931. India yakava guta guru mushure mekusununguka muna1947.

Guta iri rakavakirwa paMlas Square, uye migwagwa yeguta inowedzera zvakasarudzika uye macobwebs kwese kwese. Mazhinji ezvivakwa zvakaisvonaka akaiswa mukati meguta. Masangano makuru ehurumende akaiswa mumativi ese eruwa nzira inotambanuka makiromita akati wandei kubva kuPresidential Palace kuenda kuGate reIndia. Idzo diki jena, jena jena uye zvinyoro zvinyoro zvakasvibira zvakapararira pakati pemiti gobvu yakasvibira. Imba yeParamende chivakwa chihombe chakaita sedhisiki chakakomberedzwa nemakoramu machena machena.Ichivako cheCentral Asia Minor chivakwa, asi maveve nemisoro yemakoramu ese akavezwa nenzira yeIndia. Denga rePurezidhendi Imba chivakwa chikuru chehemispherical ine yakasarudzika Mughal nhaka.

MuNew Delhi, matembere netemberi zvinoonekwa kwese kwese. Tembere inozivikanwa kwazvo iRahimi-Narain Tembere inotsigirwa neBirla Consortium. Musika weConnaught kumadokero kwekupedzisira kweguta chivakwa chitsva uye chine hunyanzvi chine dhisiki dhizaini uye ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekutengesa muNew Delhi.

Pamusoro pezvo, kunewo nzvimbo dzekufarira dzakadai seImba yeZvivakwa neMuseum, pamwe neiyo yakakurumbira Delhi University uye mazhinji masainzi ekutsvagisa sainzi. Zvigadzirwa zvemaoko zvakaita sekuvezwa nenyanga dzenzou, kuvezwa kwehunyanzvi, zvishongo zvegoridhe nesirivheri, zvishongo, uye bronzes zvinozivikanwa munyika yese.

Mumbai: Mumbai, guta hombe kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweIndia uye chiteshi chengarava chikuru chenyika. Iri ndiro guta guru renyika yeIndia yeMaharashtra. Pachitsuwa cheMumbai, makiromita gumi nematanhatu kubva kumahombekombe, kune zambuko rakabatana nenzira. Yakagarwa nePortugal muna 1534 ndokuendeswa kuBritain muna 1661, ichiita nzvimbo yakakosha yekutengesa. Mumbai ndiyo gedhi kumadokero kweIndia. Nzvimbo yechiteshi iri kudivi rekumabvazuva kwechitsuwa, nehurefu hwemakiromita makumi maviri uye kudzika kwemvura kwemamita gumi nemakumi gumi nenomwe kusvika gumi nemana. Tumira kunze kwenyika donje, machira ekotoni, furawa, nzungu, jute, fur uye nzimbe shuga. Kune kutumirwa kwenyika dzese uye mitsetse yekuvhiya. Guta rakakura kwazvo remaindasitiri uye rekutengeserana rechipiri chete kuKolkata, uye nepakati penyika yemachira yemachira, zvese zvinokamhina uye zvinosvika chikamu chetatu chenyika. Kune mamwe maindasitiri akadai seaya ematehwe, makemikari, makemikari, mishonga, michina, chikafu, uye maindasitiri emamuvhi. Petrochemical, fetiraiza, uye simba renyukireya kugadzirwa zvakawedzerawo nekukurumidza. Minda yeOiri pasherefu yekondinendi iri kushandiswa kumahombekombe, uye indasitiri yekuchenesa yakawedzera nekukurumidza.

Mumbai ine huwandu hwevanhu vangangoita mamirioni gumi nematatu (2006) Iri ndiro guta rine vanhu vazhinji muIndia uye rimwe remaguta ane vanhu vakawanda pasi rose. Iyo Mumbai Metropolitan Dunhu (MMR), iyo inosanganisira masabhabhu akavakidzana, ine huwandu hwevanhu vangangoita mamirioni makumi maviri nemashanu. Mumbai ndiyo nzvimbo yechitanhatu pakukura mumaguta. Iine avhareji pagore kukura kwehuwandu hwevanhu 2,2%, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kusvika 2015, huwandu hwehuwandu hweMumbai metropolitan nharaunda huchakwira kunzvimbo yechina pasi.

Mumbai ibhizimusi uye varaidzo capital yeIndia, ine akakosha emari masangano senge Reserve Bank yeIndia (RBI), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), National Stock Exchange yeIndia (NSE) uye mazhinji Iwo mahofisi makuru ekambani yeIndia. Guta iri hwaro hwemba yeIndia yeIndia firimu indasitiri (inozivikanwa seMweya). Nekuda kwemikana yayo mikuru yebhizinesi uye neyakareba mararamiro, Mumbai yakwezva vanobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo muIndia, zvichiita kuti guta rive hodgepodge yemapoka akasiyana enharaunda netsika. Mumbai ine akati wandei eWorld Cultural Heritage nzvimbo senge Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminal uye Elephanta Cave. Iri zvakare iguta risingawanzo kuve nepaki yenyika (Sanjay-Gandhi National Park) mukati memiganhu yayo yeguta.