[Iphrofayela] Izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke ezwekazini laseNingizimu Asia. Unqamula iChina, iNepal neBhutan ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga, eMyanmar empumalanga, eSri Lanka ngaphesheya kolwandle kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga, nePakistan ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. Unqamula iBay of Bengal empumalanga noLwandle i-Arabia entshonalanga, nolwandle olungamakhilomitha angama-5560. Ngokuvamile kunesimo sezulu sezulu esishisayo. Unyaka uhlukaniswe izikhathi ezintathu: inkathi epholile (ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi wonyaka olandelayo), isikhathi sehlobo (ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni) nesikhathi semvula (ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba). Imvula ishintshashintsha njalo, futhi ukusatshalaliswa akulingani. Umehluko wesikhathi neBeijing amahora angu-2,5.

Enye yezimpucuko ezine zasendulo emhlabeni. Impucuko ye-Indus yadalwa phakathi kuka-2500 no-1500 BC. Cishe ngonyaka we-1500 BC, ama-Aryan ekuqaleni ayehlala e-Asia Ephakathi angena ezwekazini laseNingizimu Asia, anqoba abomdabu bendawo, asungula amazwe amancane obugqila, asungula uhlelo lwezigaba, kanye nokuvuka kweBrahmanism. Yayihlanganiswe yiMaurya Dynasty ngekhulu lesi-4 BC. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNkosi u-Ashoka, insimu yayinkulu, umbuso wawunamandla, futhi ubuBuddha bachuma futhi baqala ukusabalala. Ubukhosi baseMaurya bawa ngekhulu lesi-2 BC, futhi izwe elincane lahlukana. Ubukhosi bakwaGupta basungulwa ngekhulu lesi-4 AD, kwathi kamuva baba ngumbuso ophakathi nendawo, wabusa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200. Ngekhulu lesi-6, ayemaningi amazwe amancane, kwase kuvela ubuHindu. Ngo-1526, inzalo yezikhulu zaseMongolia zasungula uMbuso WaseMughal futhi zaba omunye wemibuso yomhlaba ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-1619, iBritish East India Company yasungula inqaba yayo yokuqala enyakatho ntshonalanga yeNdiya. Kusukela ngo-1757, i-India kancane kancane yaba ikoloni laseBrithani, kwathi ngo-1849 yahlalwa ngokuphelele amaBrithani. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu baseNdiya kanye namakholoni aseBrithani kwaqhubeka kukhula, futhi inhlangano kazwelonke yachuma. NgoJuni 1947, iBrithani yamemezela "Uhlelo lweMountbatten", yahlukanisa iNdiya yaba yimibuso emibili yaseNdiya nePakistan. Ngo-Agasti 15 wonyaka ofanayo, i-India ne-Pakistan bahlukana futhi i-India yazimela. NgoJanuwari 26, 1950, iRiphabhlikhi yaseNdiya yasungulwa njengelungu leBritish Commonwealth.

[Ezombusazwe] I-National Congress Party ibisiphethe isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuthola inkululeko, futhi iqembu eliphikisayo seliphethe izikhawu ezimbili kusukela ngo-1977 kuya ku-1979 nango-1989 kuya ku-1991. Ukusuka ngo-1996 kuya ku-1999, isimo sezepolitiki sasingazinzile, futhi kwabanjwa amakhetho avamile amathathu ngokulandelana, okwaholela ekutheni kube nohulumeni wezikhathi ezinhlanu. Kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2004, iqembu lamaqembu angama-24 iNational Democratic Alliance (iNational Democratic Alliance) eliholwa yiBharatiya Janata Party laliphethe, kwathi uVajpayee waba undunankulu.

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi 2004, i-United Progressive Alliance eholwa yiNational Congress Party yanqoba ukhetho lwe-14 lwePeople's House. ICongress Party ibekwe eqhulwini ukwakha ikhabhinethi. USonia Gandhi, usihlalo weCongress Party, waqokwa njengomholi wekhokhasi yeCongress Party ephalamende, uManmohan Singh waqokwa njengondunankulu, futhi kwasungulwa uhulumeni omusha. Ngokuya nge- "Minimum Common Programme", uhulumeni we-Alliance for Solidarity and Progress ngaphakathi ugcizelela ukuvikela amalungelo nezintshisekelo zamaqembu antulayo emphakathini, enze izinguquko kwezomnotho ezinobuntu, akhulise utshalomali kwezemfundo nakwezempilo, futhi agcine ukuzwana kwezenhlalo nentuthuko elinganiselayo yesifunda; ngaphandle, kugcizelela ukuzimela kwezombusazwe futhi kubeke phambili ukwenza ngcono ubudlelwane nomakhelwane. Ubudlelwano boMbuso, bunamathela ekuthuthukisweni kobudlelwano namazwe amakhulu.

Kubhalwe kabusha kusuka kuwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezangaphandle

I-New Delhi: Inhlokodolobha yase-India, i-New Delhi (i-New Delhi) itholakala enyakatho ye-India, empumalanga yoMfula i-Yamuna (nawo uhunyushiwe : Jumuna River), idolobha elidala laseDelhi (Shajahannabad) enyakatho-mpumalanga, liyisikhungo sezepolitiki, sezomnotho namasiko ezweni. Abantu baseNew Delhi nase-Old Delhi babalelwa ezigidini eziyi-12.8 (2001). INew Delhi ekuqaleni yayiyimithambeka eyincithakalo. Ukwakhiwa kwedolobha kwaqala ngo-1911 futhi kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-1929. Waba inhlokodolobha kusukela ngo-1931. I-India yaba yinhloko dolobha ngemuva kwenkululeko ngo-1947.

Idolobha lizinze eMlas Square, kanti imigwaqo yedolobha inwebeka ngobuningi kanye nezinsimbi zobulembu kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Izakhiwo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu zigxile enkabeni yedolobha. Ama-ejensi amakhulu kahulumeni agxile ezinhlangothini zombili zendlela ebanzi eqhele ngamakhilomitha amaningi ukusuka esigodlweni sikaMongameli kuya eGateway of India. Amabhilidi amancane amhlophe, aphuzi futhi aluhlaza aluhlaza asakazeke phakathi kwezihlahla eziluhlaza okotshani. IPhalamende Liyisakhiwo esikhulu esimise okwe-disc esizungezwe amakholomu amade amhlophe amhlophe. Kuyisakhiwo esijwayelekile saseCentral Asia Minor, kepha ama-eaves namakhanda ekholomu konke aqoshwe ngesitayela samaNdiya. Uphahla lweNdlu kaMongameli luyisakhiwo esikhulu se-hemispherical esinefa elicacile likaMughal.

ENew Delhi, amathempeli namathempeli angabonakala kuyo yonke indawo. Ithempeli elidume kakhulu yiRahimi-Narrain Temple elixhaswe yiBila Consortium. Imakethe yeConnaught esemaphethelweni asentshonalanga yedolobha iyisakhiwo esisha futhi esinobuhlakani esinesimo sediski futhi iyisikhungo sokuhweba esikhulu kunazo zonke eNew Delhi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindawo zokuthakazelisa ezifana ne-Palace of Arts and Museums, kanye neDelhi University edumile kanye nezikhungo eziningi zocwaningo lwesayensi. Imisebenzi yezandla efana nokuqoshwa kwezinyo lendlovu, imidwebo yezandla, imidwebo yegolide neyesiliva, imihlobiso kanye nethusi nakho kuyaziwa ezweni lonke.

IMumbai: IMumbai, idolobha elikhulu elisogwini olusentshonalanga yeNdiya kanye nechweba elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni. Inhlokodolobha yezwe laseNdiya iMaharashtra. Esiqhingini saseMumbai, amakhilomitha ayi-16 ukusuka ogwini, kukhona ibhuloho elixhunywe kuhola wendlela. Yayihlalwa yiPortugal ngo-1534 yadluliselwa eBrithani ngo-1661, okwenza kwaba isikhungo esibalulekile sokuhweba. IMumbai iyisango elisentshonalanga yeNdiya. Indawo ethekwini isengxenyeni esempumalanga yesiqhingi, enobude obungamakhilomitha angama-20 kanye nokujula kwamanzi ngamamitha ayi-10-17. Thumela kwamanye amazwe ukotini, izindwangu zikakotini, ufulawa, amakinati, i-jute, uboya noshukela womoba. Kunemigqa yokuthumela nokuthumela izindiza yamazwe omhlaba. Idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke lezimboni kanye nelezentengiselwano elilandelwa yiKolkata kuphela, nesikhungo sezindwangu esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni, zombili iziphothi kanye ne-looms kulandisa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezwe. Kukhona nezimboni ezifana noboya, isikhumba, amakhemikhali, ezemithi, imishini, ukudla nezimboni zamafilimu. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kaphethiloli, umanyolo namandla enuzi nakho kuthuthuke ngokushesha. Izindawo zokudla uwoyela ezisethalafini lamazwekazi ziyaxhashazwa phesheya kwezilwandle, kanti imboni yokuhluza uwoyela yathuthuka ngokushesha.

IMumbai inabantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-13 (2006). Idolobha elinabantu abaningi kakhulu eNdiya futhi ngelinye lamadolobha anabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Isifunda saseMumbai Metropolitan (MMR), esihlanganisa amadolobha angomakhelwane, sinabantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-25. IMumbai yindawo yesithupha enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Njengoba isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwenani labantu sifinyelela ku-2.2%, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2015, inani labantu abasedolobheni laseMumbai lizokhuphukela endaweni yesine emhlabeni.

IMumbai iyinhloko-dolobha yebhizinisi nezokuzijabulisa yaseNdiya, enezikhungo ezibalulekile zezezimali ezifana neReserve Bank of India (RBI), iBombay Stock Exchange (BSE), iNational Stock Exchange yaseNdiya (NSE) nezinye eziningi Indlunkulu yenkampani yaseNdiya. Idolobha liyisizinda sasekhaya semboni yamafilimu yaseNdiya (eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Bollywood). Ngenxa yamathuba amaningi ebhizinisi nezinga lokuphila eliphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, iMumbai ihehe abokufika abavela kulo lonke elaseNdiya, okwenza leli dolobha libe yidlanzana lamaqembu namasiko ahlukahlukene. IMumbai inezindawo eziningana zamaGugu Emasiko Omhlaba ezinjengeChhatrapati Shivaji Terminal kanye ne-Elephanta Caves.Libuye libe idolobha elingandile kakhulu elinepaki kazwelonke (iSanjay-Gandhi National Park) ngaphakathi komngcele wedolobha.