Iran, the full name of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a land area of ​​1.645 million square kilometers. Located in southwestern Asia, it borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan to the north, Turkey and Iraq to the west, Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east, and the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south. It is a plateau country, and the altitude is generally between 900 and 1500 meters. There is the Erbz Mountains in the north, and the Demawande Peak is 5670 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Iraq. There are Zagros Mountains in the west and southwest, and arid basins in the east, forming many deserts. The coastal areas of the Caspian Sea in the north, the Persian Gulf in the south and the Gulf of Oman are flood plains. The main rivers are Kalurun and Sefid. The Caspian Sea is the world's largest saltwater lake, and the south bank belongs to Iran. The eastern and inland areas of Iran belong to continental subtropical grasslands and desert climates, which are dry and less rainy, with great changes in cold and heat. The western mountainous areas mostly belong to the Mediterranean climate. The coast of the Caspian Sea is mild and humid, with an average annual rainfall of more than 1,000 mm. The annual average precipitation in the Central Plateau is below 100 mm.

The country is divided into 27 provinces, 195 counties, 500 districts, and 1581 townships.

Iran is an ancient civilization with a history of four to five thousand years. It is called Persia in history. The recorded history and culture began in 2700 BC. my country's Han history is called rest. Iranians of Indo-European origin appeared after 2000 BC. In the 6th century BC, the Achaemenid dynasty of the ancient Persian empire was very popular. During the reign of Darius I, the third king of the dynasty (521-485 BC), the territory of the empire extends from the banks of the Amu Darya and the Indus in the east, the middle and lower reaches of the Nile in the west, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the north, and the Persian Gulf in the south. In 330 BC the ancient Persian Empire was destroyed by Macedonian-Alexander. Later established the Rest, Sassanid dynasty. From the 7th to the 18th century AD, the Arabs, Turks and Mongols invaded successively. At the end of the 18th century, the Kaijia Dynasty was established. At the beginning of the 19th century, it became a semi-colony of Britain and Russia. The Pahlavi dynasty was established in 1925. The country was renamed Iran in 1935. The Islamic Republic of Iran was established in 1978.

National flag: It is rectangular, the ratio of length to width is about 7:4. From top to bottom, it consists of three parallel horizontal strips of green, white and red. In the center of the white horizontal bar, the red Iranian national emblem pattern is inlaid. At the junction of white, green, and red, "Allah is great" is written in Arabic, 11 sentences on the upper and lower sides, 22 sentences in total. This is to commemorate the Victory Day of the Islamic Revolution-February 11, 1979, the Islamic solar calendar is November 22. The green on the flag represents agriculture and symbolizes life and hope; white symbolizes sacredness and purity; red indicates that Iran is rich in mineral resources.

Iran’s total population is 70.49 million (results of Iran’s sixth national census in November 2006). The provinces with relatively concentrated populations are Tehran, Isfahan, Fars and East Azerbaijan. Persians account for 51% of the national population, Azerbaijanis account for 24%, Kurds account for 7%, and the rest are ethnic minorities such as Arabs and Turkmen. The official language is Persian. Islam is the state religion, 98.8% of residents believe in Islam, of which 91% are Shia and 7.8% are Sunni.

Iran is very rich in oil and natural gas resources. The proven oil reserves are 133.25 billion barrels, ranking second in the world. The proven natural gas reserves are 27.51 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 15.6% of the world's total reserves, second only to Russia, and second in the world. Oil is the lifeblood of Iran's economy. Oil income accounts for more than 85% of all foreign exchange income. Iran is the second largest oil exporter among OPEC members.

Forest is Iran’s second largest natural resource after oil, covering an area of ​​12.7 million hectares. Iran is rich in aquatic products and caviar is world-famous. Iran is rich in fruits and dried fruits. Pistachios, apples, grapes, dates, etc. are sold at home and abroad. The total output of Iranian pistachios in 2001 was 170,000 tons, the export volume was about 93,000 tons, and the foreign exchange earned US$288 million. The largest exporter of pistachios. The Persian carpet weaving with a history of more than 5,000 years is well-known all over the world, and its exquisite craftsmanship, beautiful patterns, and harmonious color matching have dumped countless literati. Today, Persian carpets have become Iran’s world-renowned traditional bulk export products. Other industries include textiles, food, building materials, carpets, papermaking, electric power, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, steel and machinery manufacturing. Agriculture is relatively backward and the degree of mechanization is low.

Iran is one of the famous ancient civilizations. For thousands of years, a brilliant and splendid culture has been created. The "Medical Code" written by the great medical scientist Avicenna in the 11th century had a significant impact on the medical development of Asian and European countries. The Iranians built the world's first astronomical observatory and invented a sundial disk that is basically similar to today's common clock. The epic "The Book of Kings" by the poet Ferdósi and Sadie's "The Rose Garden" are not only treasures of Persian literature, but also treasures of the world literary world.

Tehran: As early as 5,000 years ago, Iran created a splendid ancient civilization. However, Tehran has developed as the capital for nearly 200 years. Therefore, people call Tehran the new capital of the ancient country. The word "Tehran" means "at the foot of a mountain" in ancient Persian. In the 9th century AD, it was still a small village hidden in the grove of phoenix trees. It flourished in the 13th century. It was not until 1788 that the Kaiga Dynasty of Iran made it its capital. After the 1960s, due to the rapid increase in Iran’s oil wealth, the city has also achieved unprecedented development and has become a large-scale, bustling metropolis. At present, it is not only the largest city in Iran, but also the largest city in West Asia. It has a population of 11 million.

Tehran is more than 100 kilometers away from the Caspian Sea, separated by the mighty Alborz Mountains. The entire city is built on a hillside, the north is high and the south is low. Two broad and straight boulevards run through the urban area. North-South and East-West. Many ancient buildings in the south, many markets here still retain the style of ancient Persia. The North City is a modern building, with high-end restaurants and various shops, beautiful flowers and fountains, making the whole city fresh and beautiful. On the whole, there are not many high-rise buildings. People like bungalows with courtyards, which are quiet and comfortable.

As the capital of an ancient country, Tehran has many museums. The Freedom Memorial Tower is majestic and novel in style. It is the gateway to Tehran. The new granite building, the summer palace of the former Pahlavi king, has been changed to the "People's Palace Museum" after the overthrow of the dynasty and opened to the public. The newly-famous castle-style carpet museum houses more than 5,000 precious carpets from the 16th to the 20th century collected from all over Iran. As the room maintains a constant temperature of 20 degrees and a balanced humidity, the color of the carpet samples is always bright and dazzling. The oldest carpet has a history of 450 years. In Tehran, there are also cultural heritage museums, Lalle Park and the largest "Bazaar" (market) in the capital, all of which reflect thousands of years of splendid Persian culture. The newly built Khomeini Mausoleum is even more brilliant and magnificent. As the capital of an Islamic country, Tehran also has more than one thousand mosques. Every time there is prayer time, the voices of the various mosques respond to each other and are solemn and solemn.