I-Iran, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yase-Iran, inendawo yomhlaba we-1.645 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ezizikwere. Ifumaneka kumazantsi-ntshona eAsia, imida iArmenia, iAzerbaijan, kunye neTurkmenistan ukuya emantla, iTurkey neIraq ngasentshona, iPakistan neAfghanistan empuma, kunye nePersian Gulf kunye neGulf of Oman emazantsi. Lilizwe elisethafeni, kwaye ukuphakama ngokubanzi kuphakathi kwe-900 kunye ne-1500 yeemitha. Kukho iiNtaba ze-Erbz emantla, kwaye iDemawande Peak ziimitha ezingama-5670 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle, leyona ntaba iphakamileyo e-Iraq. Kukho iintaba zeZagros ngasentshona nasemazantsi-ntshona, kunye nezitya ezomileyo empuma, ezenza iintlango ezininzi. Iindawo eziselunxwemeni zoLwandle lweCaspian emantla, iPersian Gulf emazantsi kunye neGulf of Oman ngamathafa ezikhukula. Imilambo ephambili yiKalurun kunye neSefid. Ulwandle lweCaspian lolona lwandle lukhulu lwamanzi anetyuwa, kwaye ibhanki esezantsi yeyase-Iran. Iindawo ezisempuma nezingaphakathi elizweni eIran zezendawo ezinengca ezomileyo zelizwekazi kunye neendawo ezihlala entlango, ezomileyo nezingenamvula kangako, notshintsho olukhulu kubanda nakubushushu. Iindawo ezisezintabeni ezisentshona ubukhulu becala zezemozulu yeMeditera. Unxweme loLwandle lweCaspian luthambile kwaye lunomswakama, kunye nemvula enesiqingatha semvula esingaphezulu kwewaka leemilimitha. I-avareji yemvula yonyaka kwiCentral Plateau ingaphantsi kwe-100 mm.

Ilizwe lahlulwe langamaphondo angama-27, izithili ezili-195, izithili ezingama-500, kunye neelokishi ezili-1581.

I-Iran yimpucuko yakudala enembali yamawaka amane ukuya kwamahlanu eminyaka.Ibizwa ngokuba yiPersia kwimbali.Imbali erekhodiweyo kunye nenkcubeko yaqala ngo-2700 BC, kwaye imbali yase China ibizwa ngokuba liphumle ngoxolo. Imvelaphi yaseIran yase-Indo-yaseYurophu yavela emva kuka-2000 BC. Ngenkulungwane ye-6 BC, ubukhosi bama-Achaemenid bobukumkani bamandulo basePersi babekhe bachuma. Ngexesha lolawulo lukaDariyo I, ukumkani wesithathu wobukhosi (521-485 BC), ummandla wobukumkani ususela kwiindonga ze-Amu Darya kunye ne-Indus empuma, indawo eziphakathi nezisezantsi zomNayile ngasentshona, uLwandle oluMnyama kunye noLwandle lweCaspian emantla, kunye nePersian Gulf emazantsi. Ngo-330 BC uBukhosi bamandulo bamaPersi batshatyalaliswa yiMacedonia-Alexander. Emva kwexesha kusekwe ubukhosi, iSassanid. Ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-7 ukuya kweye-18 AD, ama-Arabhu, amaTurkey namaMongol ahlasela ngokulandelelana. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, i-Kaijia Dynasty yasungulwa. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, yaba lilizwe eliphantsi kweBritane neRussia. Ubukhosi bakwaPahlavi busekwe kwi-1925. Eli lizwe labizwa ngokuba yi-Iran ngo-1935. IRiphabhlikhi yase-Iran ye-Iran yasekwa ngo-1978.

Iflegi yesizwe: Ingxande, umyinge wobude kububanzi bumalunga ne-7: 4. Ukusuka phezulu kuye ezantsi inemigca emithathu ethe tye ethe tyaba eluhlaza, emhlophe nebomvu. Embindini webar emhlophe ethe tyaba, iphatheni ebomvu yelizwe laseIran yambathiswe. Kwindlela yokudibana emhlophe, luhlaza, nobomvu, "uAllah mkhulu" kubhalwe ngesiArabhu, izivakalisi ezili-11 kumacala aphezulu nasezantsi, izivakalisi ezingama-22 zizonke. Oku kukhumbula uSuku loVuyo loHlaziyo lwamaSilamsi-nge-11 kaFebruwari 1979, ikhalenda yamaSilamsi yelanga ngu-22 kaNovemba. Uhlaza kwiflegi umele ezolimo kwaye ufuzisela ubomi nethemba; umhlophe ubonakalisa ubungcwele kunye nobunyulu; bomvu bubonisa ukuba i-Iran ityebile kwimithombo yezimbiwa.

Inani elipheleleyo labemi baseIran liyi-70.49 yezigidi (iziphumo zobalo lwabemi besithandathu e-Iran ngoNovemba 2006). Amaphondo anabantu abaninzi yiTehran, Isfahan, Fars kunye neMpuma yeAzerbaijan. AmaPersi enza i-51% yabemi besizwe, iAzerbaijanis iakhawunti ye-24%, i-Kurds i-akhawunti ye-7%, kwaye ezinye zincinci zincinci ezinjengeArabhu kunye neTurkmen. Olona lwimi lusetyenziswayo sisiPersi. I-Islam yinkolo yelizwe, i-98.8% yabahlali bakholelwa kwi-Islam, i-91% yabo ngamaShia kwaye i-7.8% ngamaSunni.

I-Iran ityebe kakhulu kwioyile nakwizibonelelo zegesi yendalo. Ugcino lweoyile oluqinisekisiweyo ziibhola zeebhiliyoni eziyi-133.25, zikwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi. Ugcino lwegesi yendalo eqinisekisiweyo zii-cubic metres ezingama-27.51, ukubala i-15.6% yoovimba bebonke behlabathi, indawo yesibini emva kweRashiya, kunye neyesibini kwihlabathi. Ioyile liligazi lobomi kuqoqosho lweIran.Ingeniso yeoyile yenza ngaphezulu kwe-85% yayo yonke ingeniso yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle.I-Iran yeyesibini ngobukhulu kumazwe angaphandle kumazwe e-OPEC. Ihlathi sisixhobo sesibini ngobukhulu bendalo emva kweoyile, egubungela indawo eyi-12.7 yezigidi zehektare. I-Iran ityebile kwiimveliso zasemanzini kwaye i-caviar idume kwihlabathi liphela. I-Iran ityebile ngeziqhamo kunye neziqhamo ezomisiweyo.Iipistachios, ii-apile, iidiliya, amadethi, njl njl ziyathengiswa ekhaya nakumazwe aphesheya.Ku-2001, isiphumo esipheleleyo seepistachios zaseIran sasiziitoni ezingama-170,000, kwaye umthamo wentengiso kumazwe angaphandle wawumalunga neetoni ezingama-93,000.Utshintshiselwano lwangaphandle lwafumana i-US $ 288 yezigidi. Umthumeli omkhulu wepistachios. Ikhaphethi yasePersi yokuluka enembali engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-5 000 yaziwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ubugcisa bayo obugqwesileyo, iipateni ezintle, kunye nemibala ehambelanayo ehambisanayo ziye zalahla uninzi lwencwadi. Namhlanje, iikhaphethi zasePersi ziye zaziwa njengeemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zamazwe amaninzi e-Iran. Amanye amashishini abandakanya amalaphu, ukutya, izinto zokwakha, iikhaphethi, ukwenza iphepha, amandla ombane, iikhemikhali, iimoto, isinyithi, intsimbi kunye noomatshini bokuvelisa. Ezolimo zibuyele umva kwaye inqanaba loomatshini liphantsi.

I-Iran yenye yeenkcubeko zamandulo ezidumileyo. Ngamawakawaka eminyaka, inkcubeko eqaqambileyo kwaye eqaqambileyo yenziwe. "IKhowudi yezoNyango" ebhalwe ngusosayensi omkhulu wezonyango u-Avicenna ngenkulungwane ye-11 ibinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezonyango lwamazwe aseAsia naseYurophu. Ama-Irani akha i-astronomical yokuqala yokujonga izinto ngeenkwenkwezi kwaye aqulunqa idiski yediski efana ngokufana newotshi yanamhlanje. Umbongo oyindumasi othi "Incwadi yooKumkani" yimbongi uFerdósi noSadie ethi "The Rose Garden" ayingobuncwane boncwadi lwasePersi kuphela, kodwa ikwangobuncwane behlabathi boncwadi.

I-Tehran: Kwangoko kwiminyaka eyi-5 000 eyadlulayo, i-Iran yadala inkcubeko ebalaseleyo yakudala. Ke ngoko, abantu babiza iTehran ikomkhulu elitsha lelizwe lakudala. Igama "Tehran" lithetha "ezinyaweni zentaba" kwiPersi yakudala. Kwinkulungwane ye-9 AD, yayiseyilali encinci efihliweyo kumthi wemithi ye-phoenix.Yakhula ngenkulungwane ye-13. Kwakungowe-1788 apho iKaiga Dynasty yaseIran yayenza ikomkhulu layo. Emva kweminyaka yoo-1960, ngenxa yokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kobutyebi beoyile eIran, isixeko siye saphumelela ngendlela engazange yabonwa ngaphambili kwaye saba sisixeko esikhulu esimbaxa. Okwangoku, ayisiyiyo kuphela idolophu enkulu e-Iran, kodwa ikwesona sixeko sikhulu siseNtshona Asia. Inabemi abazizigidi ezili-11. I-Tehran ingaphezulu kwe-100 yeekhilomitha kude noLwandle lweCaspian, yahlulwe ziintaba ezinkulu zeAlborz. Isixeko sonke sakhiwe kwinduli yentaba, umntla uphakamileyo kwaye emazantsi asezantsi. EMantla-Mzantsi naseMpuma-Ntshona. Kukho izakhiwo ezininzi zakudala emazantsi, kwaye iimarike ezininzi apha zisasigcina isitayile sePersi yakudala. Isixeko saseMantla sisakhiwo sanamhlanje, sineevenkile zokutyela ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neevenkile ezahlukeneyo, iintyatyambo ezintle kunye nemithombo, esenza isixeko siphela sibe sihle kwaye sihle. Lilonke, azikho izakhiwo ezininzi eziphakamileyo.Abantu bathanda ii-bungalows ezineenkundla, ezizolileyo nezitofotofo.

Njengenkunzi yelizwe lakudala, iTehran ineemyuziyam ezininzi. Inqaba yeSikhumbuzo seNkululeko ibalasele kwaye inoveli ngesitayile, lisango eliya eTehran. Isakhiwo esitsha segranite, ibhotwe lasehlotyeni lowayesakuba ngukumkani wakwaPahlavi, satshintshelwa kwi "People's Palace Museum" emva kokubhukuqwa kobukhosi kwavulelwa uluntu. Imyuziyam esandula ukwaziwa njengekhaphethi yezindlu igcina iikhaphethi ezixabisekileyo ezingaphezu kwama-5 000 ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-16 ukuya kwele-20 eqokelelwe kulo lonke elase-Iran. Njengoko igumbi ligcina ubushushu obungaguquguqukiyo beedigri ezingama-20 kunye nokufuma okulinganiselweyo, umbala weesampulu zekhaphethi uhlala uqaqambile kwaye uyakhazimla.Iyona khaphethi indala inembali yeminyaka engama-450. E-Tehran, kukwakho iimyuziyam zelifa lemveli zenkcubeko, iLalle Park kunye neyona ndawo inkulu "iBazaar" (intengiso) kwikomkhulu, zonke ezo zinto zibonisa amawaka eminyaka enkcubeko entle yasePersi. IKhomeini Mausoleum esandula ukwakhiwa ibengezelele ngakumbi kwaye intle kakhulu. Njengenkunzi yelizwe lamaSilamsi, iTehran ikwanama-mosque angaphezu kwewaka.Ngalo lonke ixesha kukho ixesha lokuthandaza, amazwi eemosque ezahlukeneyo ayaphendulana kwaye ayanyaniseka.