Iran, izita rakazara reIslamic Republic yeIran, ine nzvimbo yepasi yemakiromita zviuru mazana 1,645. Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweAsia, inoganhurana neArmenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan kuchamhembe, Turkey neIraq kumadokero, Pakistan neAfghanistan kumabvazuva, uye Persian Gulf uye Gulf yeOman kumaodzanyemba. Iyo nyika yeplate, uye iko kukwirira kunowanzo kuve pakati pe900 kusvika 1500 metres. Kune makomo eErbz kuchamhembe, uye iyo Demawande Peak iri 5670 metres pamusoro pegungwa, inova iyo yepamusoro soro muIraq. Kune makomo eZagros kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, uye mabheseni akaomesa kumabvazuva, achiumba magwenga mazhinji. Nharaunda dzemahombekombe eGungwa reCaspian kuchamhembe, Persian Gulf kumaodzanyemba neGulf of Oman mapani emafashama. Nzizi huru ndiKalurun neSefid. Gungwa reCaspian igungwa remunyu rakakura kwazvo pasi rose, uye bhangi rekumaodzanyemba ndere Iran. Dunhu rekumabvazuva uye mukati menyika yeIran ndezve makondinendi epasi pehuswa nenzvimbo dzemugwenga, izvo zvakaoma uye zvisina kunaya zvakanyanya, zvine shanduko huru mukutonhora uye kupisa. Nzvimbo dzemakomo ekumadokero dzinonyanya kuve dzemamiriro ekunze eMediterranean. Mhenderekedzo yeGungwa reCaspian ine hunyoro uye hunyoro, iine avhareji yekunaya kwegore inopfuura 1 000 mm. Ivhareji yemvura inonaya muCentral Plateau iri pazasi pe100 mm.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuita matunhu makumi maviri nemanomwe, makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu, matunhu mazana mashanu, uye makiriniki zana nemakumi mashanu nenomwe.

Iran ibudiriro yekare ine nhoroondo yemakore zviuru zvina kusvika zvishanu zvemazana.Inonzi Persia munhoroondo.Nhoroondo yakanyorwa netsika zvakatanga muna 2700 BC.Nhoroondo yeChina inonzi zorora murunyararo. Iraniani eIndo-European mavambo akaonekwa mushure ma2000 BC. Muzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, Achaemenid imba youmambo hwekare hwePezhiya empire yaive yakabudirira zvakanyanya. Munguva yekutonga kwaDhariusi I, mambo wechitatu wedzinza (521-485 BC), nzvimbo yehumambo inotambanuka kubva kumahombekombe eAmu Darya neIndus kumabvazuva, nzvimbo dziri pakati nepazasi dzeNire kumadokero, Gungwa Dema uye Gungwa reCaspian kuchamhembe, uye Persian Gulf kumaodzanyemba. Muna 330 BC Humambo hwekare hwePezhiya hwakaparadzwa neMasedhonia naAlexander. Gare gare yakasimbisa iyo Zororo, Sassanid imba. Kubva muzana ramakore rechinomwe kusvika kune rechi 18 AD, maArabu, maTurkey nemaMongolia vakapinda zvakateedzana. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, Kaijia Dynasty yakavambwa. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi19, yakava semi-koloni yeBritain neRussia. Dzinza raPahlavi rakavambwa muna 1925. Nyika iyi yakapihwa zita rekuti Iran muna 1935. Iyo Islamic Republic yeIran yakavambwa muna 1978.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatenderera, chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi chingangoita 7: 4. Kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvinoteedzana zvakaenzana zvegirinhi, chena uye tsvuku. Pakati pebhena chena yakatwasuka, mutsvuku Iranian nyika chiratidzo chakashongedzwa. Panosangana jena, girini, uye tsvuku, "Allah mukuru" zvakanyorwa muchiArabic, mitsara gumi neimwe kumativi ekumusoro neepasi, mitsara makumi maviri nemaviri. Uku ndekwekurangarira Zuva reKukunda kweIslamic Revolution - Kukadzi 11, 1979, rekarenda reIslam rezuva ndiNovember 22. Girini pamureza inomiririra kurima uye inomiririra hupenyu netariro; chena inomiririra hutsvene uye kuchena; tsvuku inoratidza kuti Iran yakapfuma muzvicherwa zviwanikwa.

Irani huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu huwandu hune mamirioni makumi manomwe nemakumi manomwe nepfumbamwe (mhedzisiro yekuverengwa kwechitanhatu kwenyika yeIran munaNovember 2006). Mapurovhinzi ane vanhu vakawandisa vanhu ndeTehran, Isfahan, Fars uye East Azerbaijan. MaPersia anoverengera 51% yevagari vemunyika, Azerbaijanis inokwana makumi maviri nemana muzana, maKurds anoverengera 7%, uye vamwe vese madzinza madiki senge maArabu neTurkmen. Mutauro wepamutemo chiPersia. Islam ndiyo chitendero chehurumende, 98.8% yevagari vanotenda muIslam, mairi 91% maShia uye 7.8% maSunni.

Iran yakapfuma kwazvo mumafuta uye gasi zviwanikwa. Nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemafuta dzakasvika mabhiriyoni gumi nematatu nemakumi maviri neshanu, iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri pasirese. Iyo yakasarudzika gasi chaiyo inochengeterwa ndeye 27.51 trillion cubic metres, kuverengera 15.6% yematura epasirese epasi, yechipiri chete kuRussia, uye yechipiri pasirese. Oiri ndiyo mweya wehupenyu hwehupfumi hweIran.Mari yemafuta inowona inopfuura 85% yezvese mari yekunze. Iran ndiyo yechipiri mukutengesa mafuta pakati penhengo dzeOPEC.

Sango ndiyo yechipiri yakakura zviwanikwa zviwanikwa mushure meoiri, inovhara nzvimbo inosvika ma12,7 mamirioni mahekita. Iran yakapfuma muzvigadzirwa zvemumvura uye caviar inozivikanwa pasi rese. Iran yakafuma muchero nemichero yakaomeswa Pistachios, maapuro, mazambiringa, madhiri nezvimwe zvinotengeswa kumba nekunze.Zvese zvakaburitswa nemapistachios eIran muna 2001 aive matani 170 000, huwandu hwekunze kwenyika hwaisvika matani zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe, mari yekunze ikawana US $ 288 miriyoni. Mutengesi mukuru wepistachios. Iyo kapeti yekuPersia kuruka ine nhoroondo yeanopfuura makore zviuru zvishanu kunozivikanwa pasirese, uye hunyanzvi hwayo hwekugadzira, mapatani akanaka, uye kuenderana kwemavara kuenderana kwakarasa zvisingaverengeke literati. Nhasi, makapeti ePersia ave nyika inozivikanwa yeIran zvigadzirwa zvetsika zvekutengesa kunze. Mamwe maindasitiri anosanganisira machira, chikafu, zvekuvakisa, kapeti, kugadzira mapepa, simba remagetsi, makemikari, mota, simbi, simbi uye kugadzira michina. Zvekurima zvakadzoserwa kumashure uye degree rekugadzira michina rakaderera.

Iran ndeimwe yemagariro ekare. Kwezviuru zvemakore, inopenya uye inoyevedza tsika yakagadzirwa. "Medical Code" yakanyorwa naiye mukuru wezvesainzi wezvekurapa Avicenna muzana ramakore regumi nerimwe akange aine simba rakakura mukusimudzira kwekurapa kwenyika dzeAsia neEuropean. VaIranani vakavaka nzvimbo yekutanga yekuongorora nyeredzi uye vakagadzira dhisiki yedhivhizheni iro rakafanana neyakajairika yanhasi. Iyo epic "Bhuku reMadzimambo" nanyanduri Ferdósi naSadie "Iyo Ruva Bindu" havasi chete hupfumi hwePersia zvinyorwa, asiwo hupfumi hwenyika hwekunyora pasi.

Tehran: Kare makore zviuru zvishanu apfuura, Iran yakagadzira hupfumi hwekare hwakajeka.Zvisinei, Tehran yakagadzira seguta guru kwemakore angangoita mazana maviri. Naizvozvo, vanhu vanodana Tehran guta guru idzva renyika yekare. Izwi rekuti "Tehran" rinoreva "pazasi pegomo" muPersia yekare. Muzana ramakore re9 AD, waive uchiri musha mudiki wakavanzwa musango remiti yemaphenesi.Yakabudirira muzana ramakore rechi 13. Yakanga iri kusvika muna 1788 apo Kaiga Dynasty yeIran yakariita guta rayo guru. Mushure ma1960s, nekuda kwekuwedzera nekukurumidza kwehupfumi hwemafuta muIran, guta rakawanawo budiriro isingaenzaniswi uye rave guta rakakura, rine chipatapata. Parizvino, harisi iro chete rakakura guta muIran, asi zvakare iguta rakakura muWest Asia. Iine huwandu hwemamiriyoni gumi nerimwe.

Tehran iri pamusoro pemakiromita zana kubva pagungwa reCaspian, rakaparadzaniswa nemakomo ane simba eAlborz. Guta rese rakavakirwa pachikomo, kuchamhembe kwakakwirira uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadzika. Maodzanyemba-Maodzanyemba uye East-West. Kune zvivakwa zvekare zvekare kumaodzanyemba, uye misika mizhinji pano inoramba iine maitiro ePersia yekare. North City chivakwa chemazuva ano, chine maresitorendi ekumusoro-soro nezvitoro zvakasiyana, maruva akanaka uye matsime, zvichiita kuti guta rese rive nyowani uye rakanaka. Pakazara, hapana zvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro.Vanhu vakaita semabungalows ane matare, ayo akanyarara uye akasununguka.

Seguta guru renyika yekare, Tehran ine mamuseum mazhinji. YeRusununguko Chirangaridzo shongwe inoshamisa uye inoverengeka nemanyorerwo. Ndiro suo reTehran. Iyo itsva granite chivakwa, muzhizha muzinda weaimbova Pahlavi mambo, yakashandurwa ikave "People's Palace Museum" mushure mekubviswa kwehumambo uye yakavhurwa veruzhinji. Iyo ichangoburwa-inozivikanwa castle -style kapeti miziyamu inogara anopfuura makapeti anokosha zviuru zvishanu kubva muzana regumi nenhanhatu kusvika zana rechi20 rakaunganidzwa kubva kumatunhu ese eIran. Sezvo imba yacho inogara iine tembiricha yenguva dzose yemadhigirii makumi maviri uye hunyoro hwakadzikama, ruvara rwemienzaniso yekapeti runogara rwakajeka uye runopenya. MuTehran, kune zvekare tsika dzemamuseum, Lalle Park uye hombe "Bazaar" (musika) muguta guru, zvese izvi zvinoratidza zviuru zvemakore zvetsika dzakanaka dzePezhiya. Iyo ichangovakwa Khomeini Mausoleum yakatonyanya kupenya uye inoshamisa. Seguta guru renyika yeIslam, Tehran zvakare ine mamoski anodarika chiuru.Pese panenge paine nguva yekunamatira, manzwi emasikiti akasiyana siyana anopindurana uye akapfava uye akaperera.