I-Iran, igama eligcwele le-Islamic Republic of Iran, inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-1.645. Itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, inqamula i-Armenia, i-Azerbaijan, iTurkmenistan ngasenyakatho, iTurkey ne-Iraq entshonalanga, iPakistan ne-Afghanistan empumalanga, nePersian Gulf neGulf of Oman ngaseningizimu. Yizwe elisethafeni, futhi ukuphakama kuvame ukuba phakathi kwamamitha ayi-900 kuye kwayi-1500. Kunezintaba i-Erbz enyakatho, kanti iDemawande Peak ingamamitha angama-5670 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, okuyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke e-Iraq. Kunezintaba zaseZagros entshonalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga, namabheshi awomile empumalanga, akha izingwadule eziningi. Izindawo ezisogwini loLwandle iCaspian enyakatho, iPersian Gulf eningizimu neGulf of Oman zingamathafa ezikhukhula. Imifula emikhulu yiKalurun neSefid. ICaspian Sea iyichibi lamanzi anosawoti amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kanti ibhange laseningizimu ngele-Iran. Izindawo ezisempumalanga neziphakathi nezwe lase-Iran zingezotshani obushubile bezwekazi kanye nezimo zasogwadule, ezomile nezingenamvula kangako, ezinezinguquko ezinkulu emakhazeni nasekushiseni. Izindawo ezisezintabeni ezisentshonalanga ikakhulu zingezesimo sezulu saseMedithera. Ugu loLwandle iCaspian lumnene futhi lunomswakama, oluba nemvula eba minyaka yonke engaphezu kuka-1 000 mm. Imvula yaminyaka yonke eseCentral Plateau ingaphansi kwe-100 mm.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifundazwe ezingama-27, izifunda ezingama-195, izifunda ezingama-500, kanye namalokishi ayi-1581.

I-Iran impucuko yasendulo enomlando weminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu.Ibizwa ngePheresiya emlandweni.Umlando namasiko aqoshiwe aqala ngonyaka ka-2700 BC.Umlando waseChina ubizwa ngokuthi ukuphumula ngokuthula. Ama-Irani anemvelaphi ye-Indo-European avela ngemuva kuka-2000 BC. Ngekhulu lesi-6 BC, ubukhosi bama-Achaemenid bombuso wasendulo wasePheresiya babuphumelele kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaDariyu I, inkosi yesithathu yobukhosi (521-485 BC), indawo yombuso isukela osebeni lwe-Amu Darya ne-Indus empumalanga, izindawo eziphakathi neziphansi zeNayile entshonalanga, uLwandle Olumnyama noLwandle iCaspian enyakatho, nePersian Gulf eningizimu. Ngo-330 BC uMbuso wasendulo wasePheresiya wabhujiswa abaseMakedoniya no-Alexander. Kamuva kwasungulwa ubukhosi bakwa-Rest, Sassanid. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-7 kuya kwele-18 AD, ama-Arabhu, amaTurkey namaMongol ahlasela ngokulandelana. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, kwasungulwa ubuhlanga baseKaijia. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, laba ikoloni elincane laseBrithani neRussia. Ubukhosi bakwaPahlavi basungulwa ngo-1925. Izwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Iran ngo-1935. I-Islamic Republic of Iran yasungulwa ngo-1978.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande, isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi simayelana no-7: 4. Kusukela phezulu kuye phansi, iqukethe imicu emithathu evundlile evundlile eluhlaza, emhlophe nokubomvu. Maphakathi nebha emhlophe evundlile, iphethini elibomvu lesibonakaliso likazwelonke lase-Iranian lifakwe. Lapho kuhlangana khona okumhlophe, okuluhlaza okotshani nokubomvu, kubhalwe ukuthi "Allah mkhulu" ngesi-Arabhu, imisho eyi-11 ezinhlangothini ezingenhla nezingezansi, imisho engama-22 isiyonke. Lokhu kungukukhumbula uSuku Lokunqoba kwe-Islamic Revolution-Februwari 11, 1979, ikhalenda lamaSulumane elanga ngu-Novemba 22. Okuhlaza okotshani kufulegi kufanekisela ezolimo futhi kufanekisela impilo nethemba; umhlophe umele ubungcwele nobumsulwa; futhi okubomvu kufanekisela izinsiza zezimbiwa ezicebile zase-Iran.

Inani labantu base-Iran liyizigidi ezingama-70.49 (imiphumela yokubalwa kwabantu kwesithupha kwe-Iran ngoNovemba 2006). Izifundazwe ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu iTehran, Isfahan, Fars ne-East Azerbaijan. AmaPheresiya angama-51% wabantu bakazwelonke, i-Azerbaijanis i-24%, i-Kurds i-7%, kanti abanye bangabantu abancane bezinhlanga ezifana nama-Arabhu namaTurkmen. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiPheresiya. I-Islam iyinkolo kahulumeni, izakhamizi ezingama-98.8% zikholelwa enkolweni yamaSulumane, ezingama-91% angamaShia kuthi ama-7.8% angamaSunni.

I-Iran icebile kakhulu emithonjeni kawoyela negesi yemvelo. Izinqolobane zikawoyela ezifakazelwe ziyimiphongolo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-133.25, ezime isibili emhlabeni. Izinqolobane zegesi yemvelo ezifakazelwe zingama-cubic metres ayi-27.51 trillion, okubalelwa ku-15.6% wenani eligcinwayo lomhlaba, elilandela iRussia kuphela, nelesibili emhlabeni. Uwoyela uyisisekelo sempilo yomnotho wase-Iran.Imali engenayo ka-oyela ibanga ngaphezu kuka-85% wayo yonke imali engenayo yezimali zangaphandle.I-Iran ingumthengisi wesibili ngobukhulu othumela uwoyela phakathi kwamalungu e-OPEC.

Ihlathi lingumthombo wesibili ngobukhulu wemvelo wase-Iran ngemuva kukawoyela, ohlanganisa indawo engamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-12.7. I-Iran icebile ngemikhiqizo yasemanzini kanti i-caviar idume umhlaba wonke. I-Iran icebile ngezithelo nezithelo ezomisiwe amaPistachio, ama-apula, amagilebhisi, amadethi, njll. Athengiswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.Umthamo ophelele wamapistachio ase-Iranian ngo-2001 kwakungamathani ayi-170,000, umthamo wokuthekelisa wawungamathani angama-93,000, kanti imali yakwamanye amazwe yathola ama-US $ 288 million. Umthengisi omkhulu kunawo wonke wama-pistachio. Ukhaphethi wasePheresiya oweluka ngomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 000 waziwa umhlaba wonke.Ubungcweti bawo obubabazekayo, amaphethini amahle, nokuhambisana kwawo ngemibala kuye kwalahla imibhalo eminingi. Namuhla, okhaphethi basePheresiya sebephenduke imikhiqizo edumile yokuthekelisa ngobuningi bendabuko yase-Iran emhlabeni jikelele. Ezinye izimboni zibandakanya izindwangu, ukudla, izinto zokwakha, okhaphethi, ukwenza amaphepha, amandla kagesi, amakhemikhali, izimoto, insimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi nemishini. Ezolimo zibuyela emuva kakhulu futhi nezinga lokusebenzisa imishini liphansi.

I-Iran ingenye yezimpucuko zasendulo ezidumile. Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka kwenziwa isiko elihle nelikhazimulayo. I- "Medical Code" eyabhalwa ngusosayensi omkhulu wezokwelapha u-Avicenna ngekhulu le-11 yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezokwelapha kwamazwe ase-Asia nawaseYurophu. Abase-Irani bakha indawo yokuqala yokubuka izinkanyezi emhlabeni futhi basungula idiski eyindilinga efana ncamashi newashi lanamuhla elijwayelekile. Inkondlo eyindumasi ethi "The Book of Kings" ebhalwe yimbongi uFerdósi noSadie ethi "The Rose Garden" ayigcini ngokuba amagugu ezincwadi zasePheresiya, kodwa futhi iyigugu lomhlaba wezincwadi zomhlaba.

ITehran: Eminyakeni eyizi-5 000 eyedlule, i-Iran yakha impucuko yasendulo enhle kakhulu.Nokho, iTehran yathuthuka njengenhloko-dolobha cishe iminyaka engama-200. Ngakho-ke, abantu babiza iTehran ngokuthi inhlokodolobha entsha yezwe lasendulo. Igama elithi "Tehran" lisho ukuthi "phansi kwentaba" ngesiPheresiya sasendulo. Ngekhulu lesi-9 AD, kwakuseyidolobhana elincane elalifihlwe esigxotsheni sezihlahla ze-phoenix.Lachuma ngekhulu le-13. Ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1960, ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo kwengcebo kawoyela yase-Iran, idolobha liphinde lafeza intuthuko engakaze ibonwe futhi selibe yidolobha elikhulu, eliphithizelayo. Njengamanje, akusilo kuphela idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Iran, kodwa futhi idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eNtshonalanga Asia. Inabantu abayizigidi eziyi-11.

ITehran iqhele ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kwayi-100 ukusuka kuLwandle iCaspian, ihlukaniswe yizintaba ezinkulu zase-Alborz. Idolobha lonke lakhiwe egqumeni, enyakatho iphakeme futhi eningizimu iphansi. Ama-boulevards amabili abanzi futhi aqondile agudla endaweni yasedolobheni ENyakatho-Ningizimu naseMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga. Kunezakhiwo eziningi zasendulo eningizimu, futhi izimakethe eziningi lapha zisasigcina isitayela sePheresiya lasendulo. INorth City iyisakhiwo sesimanje, esinezindawo zokudlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezitolo ezahlukahlukene, izimbali ezinhle nemithombo, okwenza lonke idolobha libe elisha futhi lihle. Sekukonke, azikho izakhiwo eziningi eziphakeme.Abantu bathanda ama-bungalows anamagceke, athule futhi anethezekile.

Njengenhloko-dolobha yezwe lasendulo, iTehran ineminyuziyamu eminingi. IFreedom Memorial Tower inhle futhi inesitayela ngesitayela. Kuyindlela eya eTehran. Isakhiwo esisha segranite, isigodlo sasehlobo senkosi yangaphambili kaPahlavi, sashintshwa saba "yiPeople's Palace Museum" ngemuva kokugumbuqelwa kobukhosi savulelwa umphakathi. Indawo yokugcina amakhaphethi esesitayeleni esidume kakhulu inezikhaphethi eziyigugu ezingaphezu kuka-5 000 kusukela ngekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-20 eliqoqwe kulo lonke elase-Iran. Ngenxa yokuthi igumbi ligcina ukushisa okungaguquki kwama-degree angama-20 nomswakama olinganiselayo, umbala wamasampuli kukhaphethi uhlala ukhanya futhi uyakhazimula.Ukhaphethi omdala kunayo yonke unomlando weminyaka engama-450. ETehran, kuneminyuziyamu yamagugu amasiko, iLalle Park kanye ne "Bazaar" enkulu (emakethe) enhloko-dolobha, konke okukhombisa izinkulungwane zeminyaka yesiko elihle lasePheresiya. IKhomeini Mausoleum esanda kwakhiwa iyakhazimula kakhulu futhi iyakhazimula. Njengenhlokodolobha yezwe lamaSulumane, iTehran ibuye ibe namasonto angaphezu kwenkulungwane.Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kunesikhathi sokukhuleka, amazwi amaSulumane ahlukahlukene ayaphendula komunye nomunye futhi anesizotha futhi anesizotha.