Iran Cov Ntaub Ntawv Sau Yooj Yim
| Sijhawm hauv zos | Koj lub sijhawm |
|---|---|
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| Zos cheeb tsam | Sij hawm cheeb tsam sib txawv |
| UTC/GMT +3 teev |
| latitude / ntev ntev |
|---|
| 32°25'14"N / 53°40'56"E |
| iso encoding |
| IR / IRN |
| txiaj |
| Rial (IRR) |
| Lus |
| Persian (official) 53% Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects 18% Kurdish 10% Gilaki and Mazandarani 7% Luri 6% Balochi 2% Arabic 2% other 2% |
| hluav taws xob |
 Ntaus c European 2-nawj |
| chij teb chaws |
|---|
 |
| peev |
| Tehran |
| cov npe hauv txhab cia nyiaj |
| Iran cov npe hauv txhab cia nyiaj |
| pejxeem |
| 76,923,300 |
| thaj chaw |
| 1,648,000 KM2 |
| GDP (USD) |
| 411,900,000,000 |
| xov tooj |
| 28,760,000 |
| Xov tooj ntawm tes |
| 58,160,000 |
| Tus naj npawb ntawm Is Taws Nem |
| 197,804 |
| Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem |
| 8,214,000 |
Iran taw qhia
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Iran yog lub teb chaws toj siab nrog thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam 1,645 lab square km. Nws nyob rau sab qab teb Asia. Nws muaj ciam teb rau Armenia, Azerbaijan thiab Turkmenistan mus rau sab qaum teb, Turkey thiab Iraq mus rau sab hnub poob, Pakistan thiab Afghanistan mus rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab Persian Gulf thiab Gulf of Oman mus rau sab qab teb. Muaj lub Roob Erbz nyob rau sab qaum teb; Zagros Toj siab nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab hnub poob qab teb, thiab qhov chaw qhuav ntawm thaj chaw sab hnub tuaj, ua rau ntau qhov chaw qhuav dej hiav txwv. Caspian Hiav Txwv nyob rau sab qaum teb, Persian Gulf thiab Gulf of Oman nyob rau sab qab teb yog thaj chaw dej nyab. Cov cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Iran muaj cov huab cua ntawm thaj av tiaj thiab thaj av suab puam, thiab cov roob sab hnub poob muaj thaj tsam Mediterranean feem ntau. Iran, lub npe tag nrho ntawm Islamic koom pheej ntawm Iran, muaj thaj av ntawm 1,645 lab square km. Nyob rau sab hnub poob qab teb Asia, nws muaj ciam teb rau Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan rau sab qaum teb, Qaib ntxhw thiab Iraq mus rau sab hnub poob, Pakistan thiab Afghanistan mus rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab Persian Gulf thiab Gulf of Oman mus rau sab qab teb. Nws yog lub teb chaws toj siab, thiab qhov chaw siab feem ntau yog li ntawm 900 thiab 1500 meters. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, muaj lub Roob Erbz Toj roob hauv pes. Demawande Peak yog 5670 meters siab tshaj hiav txwv dej hiav txwv, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv Iraq. Muaj Zagros Toj siab nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab hnub poob qab teb, thiab thaj chaw qhuav dej nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, ua rau ntau lub suab puam. Cov chaw ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Caspian nyob rau sab qaum teb, Persian Nkaum Teb nyob rau sab qab teb thiab Gulf of Oman yog thaj chaw dej nyab. Cov dej ntws loj yog Karulun thiab Sefid. Hiav Txwv Caspian yog lub ntiaj teb cov dej qab ntsev nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, thiab tus ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb yog Iran. Cov cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Iran yog koom nrog thaj av ntawm thaj av tiaj nyom thiab suab puam ntawm huab cua, uas qhuav thiab tsis tau los nag, nrog kev hloov pauv ntau ntawm qhov txias thiab kub. Lub roob sab hnub poob feem ntau yog thaj tsam Thaj Av Mediterranean. Lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Caspian Hiav Txwv yog me thiab vaum, nrog qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo dej nag ntau dua li 1,000 hli. Lub xyoo nruab nrab ntawm cov dej nag nruab nrab hauv Central Plateau yog qis dua 100 hli. Lub teb chaws tau muab faib ua 27 xeev, 195 lub nroog, 500 lub nroog, thiab 1581 lub nroog. Iran yog keeb kwm kev vam meej puag thaum ub muaj keeb kwm plaub txog tsib txhiab txhiab xyoo. Nws hu ua Persia hauv keeb kwm. Kev sau keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai pib xyoo 2700 BC. Keeb kwm ntawm Tuam Tshoj hu ua so hauv kev thaj yeeb. Iranians ntawm Indo-European keeb kwm tshwm sim tom qab 2000 BC. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua BC, lub Achaemenid dynasty ntawm lub ancient Persian faj tim teb chaws tau vam meej heev. Thaum lub sijhawm Dali I ua vajntxwv kav, tus vajntxwv thib peb ntawm lub sijhawm muaj huab tais (521-485 BC), lub tebchaws ntawm lub tebchaw nthuav tawm los ntawm ntug dej ntawm Amu Darya thiab Indus nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, nruab nrab thiab qis dua ntawm Nile nyob rau sab hnub poob, Hiavtxwv Dub thiab Hiavtxwv Caspian nyob rau sab qaum teb, thiab lub Hiavtxwv Persian nyob rau sab qab teb. Nyob rau hauv 330 BC lub ancient Persian teb chaws raug puas tsuaj los ntawm Macedonian-Alexander. Tom qab tsim lub So, Sassanid dynasty. Txij xyoo 7 mus txog xyoo 18th AD, cov Arabs, Turks thiab Mongols tau tseeg ib hnub zuj zus. Qhov kawg ntawm 18th caug xyoo, Kaijia Dynasty tau tsim. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws tau los ua ib nrab tebchaws ntawm Askiv thiab Russia. Lub zog Pahlavi tau tsim tsa thaum xyoo 1925. Lub tebchaws tau muab npe rau Iran xyoo 1935. Cov koom pheej Islamic ntawm Iran tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1978. Lub teb chaws chij: Nws yog plaub, plaub piv ntawm ntev kom dav yog li 7: 4. Los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, nws muaj peb kab rov tav ua ib kab ntawm ntsuab, dawb thiab liab. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub npov kab rov tav dawb, cov xim liab Iranian lub teb chaws ua cim yog inlaid. Ntawm kev tshuam ntawm dawb, ntsuab, thiab liab, "Allah yog qhov zoo heev" yog sau ua lus Arabic, 11 kab lus saum toj thiab sab saud, 22 kab lus nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Qhov no yog ua kom nco txog hnub Yeej Txiaj Ntsim ntawm Islamic Revolution-Lub Ob Hlis 11, 1979, lub hnub ci Islamic hnub yog Kaum Ib Hlis 22. Cov xim ntsuab rau ntawm tus chij sawv cev rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab ua lub cim txog lub neej thiab kev cia siab; dawb lub cim qhia txog kev dawb huv thiab kev coj dawb huv; Iran cov pej xeem tag nrho yog 70.49 lab (cov qhab nia los ntawm Iran txoj kev rau lub teb chaws rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2006). Cov xeev uas muaj cov neeg nyiam ntau yog Tehran, Isfahan, Fars thiab East Azerbaijan. Cov neeg Persians muaj 51% ntawm cov pej xeem hauv tebchaws, Azerbaijanis suav 24%, Kurds suav 7%, thiab seem yog haiv neeg tsawg xws li Arabs thiab Turkmen. Cov lus raug yog Persian. Islam yog lub xeev kev ntseeg, 98.8% ntawm cov pej xeem ntseeg Islam, ntawm uas 91% yog Shia thiab 7.8% yog Sunni. Iran muaj nplua nuj nyob hauv cov roj thiab cov nkev. Cov khoom siv roj ua pov thawj tseeb yog 133.25 billion tej kas tham, nyob qib thib ob hauv ntiaj teb. Cov pov thawj cov khoom siv roj av yog 27.51 trillion cubic meters, xam rau 15.6% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov peev, thib ob rau Russia, thiab thib ob hauv ntiaj teb. Roj yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau Iran txoj kev lag luam.Qhov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov roj muaj ntau dua 85% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj khwv tau los txawv teb chaws. Hav zoov yog qhov Iran thib ob loj tshaj plaws hauv qab ntuj tom qab roj, npog thaj tsam ntawm 12.7 lab hectares. Iran muaj nplua nuj nyob hauv dej tsim khoom noj thiab caviar yog ntiaj teb muaj koob npe. Iran muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav. Pistachios, txiv tsawb, txiv quav ntswv nyoos, hnub tim, thiab lwm yam yog muag hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Qhov loj tshaj plaws xa tawm ntawm pistachios. Cov ntaub pua plag ntaub pua ntaub Persian nrog keeb kwm ntau dua 5,000 xyoo yog qhov nrov npe thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab nws cov khoom siv tes ua haujlwm zoo nkauj, cov qauv zoo nkauj, thiab kev sib txuam xim tau tso cov ntawv nyeem suav tsis txheeb. Niaj hnub no, Persian ntaub pua plag tau dhau los ua Iran qhov kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ib txwm muaj khoom xa tuaj. Lwm yam kev lag luam suav nrog kev lag luam textiles, khoom noj khoom haus, cov ntaub ntawv tsev, ntaub pua tsev, papermaking, hluav taws xob, tshuaj, tsheb, metallurgy, hlau thiab tshuab kev lag luam. Kev ua liaj ua teb yog raug rov qab thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv qib siab tsis muaj nqi. Iran yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj lij txheej thaum ub. Tau ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los, ib tug kab lis kev cai uas ci ntsa iab thiab zoo nkauj tau raug tsim los. "Txoj Cai Kho Mob" sau los ntawm tus kws kho mob zoo tshaj plaws Avicenna hauv lub xyoo pua 11 tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev kho mob ntawm cov teb chaws Asia thiab European. Lub Iranians los tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj astronomical observatory thiab invented sundial disk uas yog qhov zoo ib yam li cov niaj hnub sib. Cov paj huam zoo nkauj "Cov Ntawv ntawm Phau Ntawv" los ntawm tus kws sau paj nruag Ferdósi thiab Sadie zaj "Rose Garden" tsis yog cov khoom ntawm Persian ntawv, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntiaj teb. Tehran nyob deb dua 100 km ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Caspian, sib cais los ntawm lub roob Alborz uas muaj zog heev. Lub nroog tag nrho raug tsa nyob saum roob, sab qaum teb yog qhov siab thiab sab qab teb qis. Ob txoj kev dav thiab ncaj ncaj khiav thoob lub nroog. Qaum teb-Qaum Teb thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj-Hnub Tim Muaj ntau lub tsev qub nyob rau sab qab teb, thiab ntau lub khw muag khoom ntawm no tseem khaws cov qauv ntawm Persia thaum ub. Sab Qaum Teb Hauv Nroog yog lub tsev tsim tawm tshiab, nrog cov khw noj haus high-end thiab ntau lub khw, cov paj zoo nkauj thiab cov kais dej, ua rau tag nrho lub nroog tshiab thiab zoo nkauj. Ntawm tag nrho, tsis muaj ntau lub tsev siab. Cov neeg nyiam bungalows nrog lub tshav puam, uas nyob ntsiag to thiab xis. Raws li lub peev ntawm lub tebchaws qub, Tehran muaj ntau lub tsev khaws khoom qub. Txoj kev ywj pheej Memorial Tower yog majestic thiab tshiab nyob rau hauv style. Nws yog lub qhov rooj ntawm Tehran. Lub tsev tshiab ua haujlwm granite, lub caij ntuj sov lub tsev ntawm tus vaj ntxwv Pahlavi qub, tau hloov mus rau "Cov Neeg Lub Tsev Khaws Qub" tom qab kev rhuav tshem ntawm lub caij nyoog thiab qhib rau pej xeem. Cov tsev khaws ntaub pua tsev tshiab-tsev tsim muaj tsev ntau tshaj 5,000 ntau pua nqi txij li 16 mus txog 20 caug xyoo sau los ntawm thoob plaws Iran. Raws li chav ua kom tswj qhov kub tsis tu ncua ntawm 20 degrees thiab muaj qhov ntsuas noo, qhov xim ntawm cov qauv ntaub pua plag yog ib txwm ci thiab dazzling. Cov ntaub pua tsev qub tshaj plaws muaj keeb kwm txog 450 xyoo. Hauv Tehran, tseem muaj lub tsev cia puav pheej kev coj noj coj ua, Lalle Park thiab qhov loj tshaj "Bazaar" (kev ua lag luam) hauv peev, tag nrho cov no muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau txhiab xyoo ntawm Persian kab lis kev cai. Lub Tsev Khumini Tshiab Khumini Mausoleum tseem haj yam ci ntsa iab thiab zoo nkauj heev. Raws li lub peev ntawm ib lub teb chaws Islamic, Tehran tseem muaj ntau dua ib txhiab lub tsev teev ntuj .Txhua txhua lub sijhawm muaj lub sijhawm thov, lub suab ntawm ntau tus mosques teb rau ib leeg thiab yog tus neeg siab dawb siab zoo. |