Iran, dzina lonse la Islamic Republic of Iran, ili ndi malo a 1,645 miliyoni ma kilomita. Ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia, imadutsa Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan kumpoto, Turkey ndi Iraq kumadzulo, Pakistan ndi Afghanistan kum'mawa, ndi Persian Gulf ndi Gulf of Oman kumwera. Ndi dziko lamapiri, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala pakati pa 900 ndi 1500 mita. Kuli mapiri a Erbz kumpoto, ndipo Demawande Peak ili pamtunda wa mamita 5670 pamwamba pa nyanja, yomwe ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Iraq. Pali mapiri a Zagros kumadzulo ndi kumwera chakumadzulo, ndi mabeseni owuma kum'mawa, omwe amapanga zipululu zambiri. Madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caspian kumpoto, Persian Gulf kumwera ndi Gulf of Oman ndi madambo osefukira. Mitsinje yayikulu ndi Kalurun ndi Sefid. Nyanja ya Caspian ndiye nyanja yamchere yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo banki yakumwera ndi yaku Iran. Madera akum'maŵa ndi mkati mwa Iran ndi am'madera ozungulira udzu komanso madera am'chipululu, omwe ndi ouma komanso osagwa mvula yambiri, osintha kuzizira komanso kutentha. Madera akumadzulo akumapiri ambiri amakhala achikhalidwe cha Mediterranean. Gombe la Nyanja ya Caspian ndilofatsa komanso chinyontho, mvula yapachaka yopitilira 1,000 mm. Mvula yamvula yapachaka ku Central Plateau ili pansi pa 100 mm.

Dzikoli lagawidwa zigawo 27, maboma 195, maboma 500, ndi matauni 1581.

Iran ndi chitukuko chakale chokhala ndi mbiri yazaka zinayi mpaka zikwi zisanu. Amatchedwa Persia m'mbiri. Mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe chawo zidayamba mchaka cha 2700 BC. Mbiri yaku China imatchedwa mpumulo wamtendere. Ochokera ku Irani ochokera ku Indo-European adayamba pambuyo pa 2000 BC. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC, mafumu achi Achaemenid a ufumu wakale waku Persia anali olemera kwambiri. Munthawi ya ulamuliro wa Dariyo I, mfumu yachitatu ya mzera wachifumu (521-485 BC), gawo laufumu limayambira kugombe la Amu Darya ndi Indus kum'mawa, madera apakati ndi otsika a Nile kumadzulo, Black Sea ndi Nyanja ya Caspian kumpoto, ndi Persian Gulf kumwera. Mu 330 BC, ufumu wakale waku Persia udawonongedwa ndi Makedoniya-Alexander. Pambuyo pake adakhazikitsa mpumulo wa rest, Sassanid. Kuchokera m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri mpaka la 18 AD, Arabu, Aturuki ndi A Mongol adalanda motsatizana. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, mafumu a Kaijia adakhazikitsidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 19th, idakhala gawo laling'ono la Britain ndi Russia. Mafumu a Pahlavi adakhazikitsidwa mu 1925. Dzikoli linasinthidwa Iran mu 1935. Islamic Republic of Iran idakhazikitsidwa mu 1978.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi yaying'ono, yamtundu kutalika mpaka m'lifupi ndi pafupifupi 7: 4. Kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, imakhala ndi mizere itatu yopingasa yobiriwira, yoyera komanso yofiira. Pakatikati pa bala yoyera yopingasa, chizindikiro chofiira cha dziko laku Iran chidakongoletsedwa. Pamphambano yoyera, yobiriwira, ndi yofiira, "Allah ndi wamkulu" alembedwa m'Chiarabu, ziganizo 11 mbali zakumtunda ndi kumunsi, ziganizo 22 zonse. Uku ndikukumbukira Tsiku Lopambana pa Chisinthiko cha Chisilamu -February 11, 1979, kalendala ya Chisilamu ndi Novembala 22. Chobiriwira pa mbendera chikuyimira ulimi ndikuyimira moyo ndi chiyembekezo; zoyera zikuyimira kupatulika ndi chiyero; zofiira zikuwonetsa kuti Iran ili ndi chuma chambiri.

Chiwerengero chonse cha Iran ndi 70.49 miliyoni (zotsatira za kalembera wachisanu ndi chimodzi waku Iran mu Novembala 2006). Madera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri ndi Tehran, Isfahan, Fars ndi East Azerbaijan. Aperisi amawerengera 51% ya anthu amdziko, Azerbaijanis amakhala 24%, Kurds amawerengera 7%, ndipo enawo ndi mafuko ang'onoang'ono monga Aluya ndi Turkmen. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Aperisiya. Chisilamu ndichipembedzo chaboma, 98.8% yaomwe akukhulupirira Chisilamu, pomwe 91% ndi Ashia ndipo 7.8% ndi Asunni.

Iran ndi yolemera kwambiri zamafuta ndi gasi. Malo osungira mafuta omwe atsimikiziridwa ndi migolo 133.25 biliyoni, akukhala wachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi. Malo osungidwa a gasi achilengedwe ndi 27.51 trilioni cubic metres, kuwerengera 15.6% yazosunga zonse padziko lapansi, yachiwiri pambuyo pa Russia, ndipo yachiwiri padziko lapansi. Mafuta ndiye chuma cha dziko la Iran.Malipiro amafuta ndi oposa 85% ya ndalama zonse zakunja.Iran ndiye wachiwiri wogulitsa mafuta pakati pa mamembala a OPEC.

Nkhalango ndiye malo achiwiri achilengedwe aku Iran atatha mafuta, omwe amakhala ndi mahekitala 12.7 miliyoni. Iran ili ndi zinthu zambiri zam'madzi ndipo caviar ndi yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Iran ili ndi zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso zouma.Pistachios, maapulo, mphesa, masiku, ndi zina zambiri zimagulitsidwa kunyumba ndi kunja.Zonse zomwe zimatuluka ku pistachios zaku Iran mu 2001 zidali matani 170,000, zomwe zimatumiza kunja zinali pafupifupi matani 93,000, ndipo ndalama zakunja zidapeza US $ 288 miliyoni. Wogulitsa kwambiri ma pistachios. Kalipeti yaku Persian yomwe yakhala ndi mbiri ya zaka zoposa 5,000 imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Kapangidwe kake kokongola, mapangidwe ake okongola, ndi kufanana kwake kwamatsitsa ma literati ndi ma inki ambiri. Masiku ano, makalapeti aku Persian akhala zinthu zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi zogulitsa kunja kwa Iran. Makampani ena amaphatikizapo nsalu, chakudya, zomangira, makalapeti, kupanga mapepala, magetsi, mankhwala, magalimoto, zitsulo, kupanga zitsulo ndi makina. Zaulimi ndizobwerera m'mbuyo komanso momwe makina akugwirira ntchito ochepa.

Iran ndi amodzi mwamitundu yakale yakale. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, chikhalidwe chokongola komanso chokongola chapangidwa. "Medical Code" yolembedwa ndi wasayansi wamkulu wazachipatala Avicenna m'zaka za zana la 11 idakhudza kwambiri chitukuko chamankhwala m'maiko aku Asia ndi Europe. Anthu aku Irani adamanga malo oyang'anira zakuthambo padziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga disk yoyendera dzuwa yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi wotchi yamasiku ano. Ndakatulo yolembedwa "The Book of Kings" yolembedwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo Ferdósi ndi "The Rose Garden" ya Sadie sizongokhala chuma chamabuku aku Persian, komanso chuma chamayiko olemba mabuku.

Tehran: Zaka 5,000 zapitazo, Iran idapanga chitukuko chokongola kwambiri chakale. Komabe, Tehran yakhala likulu kwa zaka pafupifupi 200. Chifukwa chake, anthu amatcha Tehran likulu latsopano la dziko lakale. Mawu oti "Tehran" amatanthauza "pansi pa phiri" mu Persian wakale. M'zaka za zana la 9 AD, unali akadali mudzi wawung'ono wobisika m'chigawo cha mitengo ya phoenix. Unakula m'zaka za zana la 13. Munali mu 1788 pomwe Mzera Wachifumu wa Kaiga waku Iran udawupanga kukhala likulu lawo. Pambuyo pazaka za 1960, chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwachuma cha mafuta ku Iran, mzindawu udakwanitsanso chitukuko chomwe sichinachitikepo ndipo wasanduka mzinda wawukulu, waukulu. Pakadali pano, si mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku Iran, komanso mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku West Asia. Ali ndi anthu 11 miliyoni.

Tehran ili pamtunda wopitilira 100 km kuchokera kunyanja ya Caspian, yopatukana ndi mapiri akuluakulu a Alborz. Mzindawu wonse wamangidwa paphiri, kumpoto ndikumwera ndikotsika. Ma boulevards awiri otambalala ndi owongoka amayenda kudera lamatawuni. Kumpoto-Kumwera ndi Kumadzulo-Kumadzulo. Pali nyumba zambiri zakale kumwera, ndipo misika yambiri pano ikadali ndi kalembedwe ka Persia wakale. Mzinda wa Kumpoto ndi nyumba yamakono, yokhala ndi malo odyera okwera komanso masitolo osiyanasiyana, maluwa okongola ndi akasupe, ndikupangitsa mzinda wonse kukhala watsopano komanso wokongola. Ponseponse, palibe nyumba zazitali kwambiri.Anthu amakonda ma bungalows okhala ndi mabwalo, omwe amakhala chete komanso osavuta.

Monga likulu la dziko lakale, Tehran ili ndi malo owonetsera zakale ambiri. Freedom Memorial Tower ndi yokongola komanso yachikale. Ndilo chipata cholowera ku Tehran. Nyumba yatsopano ya granite, nyumba yachifumu yachilimwe ya mfumu yakale ya Pahlavi, idasinthidwa kukhala "People's Palace Museum" atagwetsa mzera waufumu ndikutsegulidwa kwa anthu onse. Nyumba yosungiramo makalapeti yotchuka kwambiri ili ndi makapeti amtengo wapatali oposa 5,000 kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16 mpaka 20 zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera konsekonse ku Iran. Chipindacho chimakhala ndi kutentha kokhazikika kwa madigiri 20 komanso chinyezi chokwanira, mtundu wa ma carpetwo nthawi zonse umakhala wowala komanso wowala bwino. Kapeti yakale kwambiri ili ndi mbiri ya zaka 450. Ku Tehran, kulinso malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zakale, Lalle Park ndi "Bazaar" (msika) waukulu kwambiri likulu, zonse zomwe zikuwonetsa zaka zikwizikwi za chikhalidwe chokongola cha ku Persia. Khomeini Mausoleum omwe angomangidwa kumene ndiwanzeru kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino. Monga likulu la dziko lachisilamu, Tehran ilinso ndi mzikiti wopitilira chikwi chimodzi.Nthawi iliyonse pakakhala nthawi yopempherera, mawu amisikiti yosiyanasiyana amayankhana ndipo amakhala aulemu komanso aulemu.