Italy has an area of ​​301,318 square kilometers. Located in southern Europe, including the Apennine Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia and other islands. It borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia with the Alps as a barrier to the north, and faces the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea, the Ionian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the east, west and south. The coastline is more than 7,200 kilometers long. Four fifths of the whole territory are hilly areas. There are Alps and Apennines. Mont Blanc on the border between Italy and France is 4810 meters above sea level, ranking second in Europe; within the territory are the famous Mount Vesuvius and the largest active volcano in Europe-Mount Etna. The largest river is the Po River. Larger lakes include Lake Garda and Lake Maggiore. Most areas have a subtropical Mediterranean climate.

The country is divided into 20 administrative regions, a total of 103 provinces, and 8088 cities (towns). The 20 administrative regions are: Piedmont, Valle d’Aosta, Lombardy, Trentino Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Torto Scana, Umbria, Lazio, Marche, Abruzi, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, Sardinia.

From 2000 to 1000 BC, Indo-European peoples moved in continuously. The period from 27 to 476 BC was the period of the Roman Empire. In the 11th century, the Normans invaded southern Italy and established a kingdom. From the 12th to the 13th centuries, it split into many kingdoms, principalities, autonomous cities and small feudal territories. From the 16th century, Italy was successively occupied by France, Spain, and Austria. The Kingdom of Italy was established in March 1861. In September 1870, the kingdom's army conquered Rome and finally reunified. When the First World War broke out in 1914, Italy was first neutral, and then stood on the side of Britain, France, and Russia to declare war on Germany and Austria, and won. On October 31, 1922, Mussolini formed a new government and began to implement fascist rule. When the Second World War broke out in 1939, Italy was initially neutral and Germany won in France. It joined Germany in June 1940 and declared war on Britain and France. Mussolini was overthrown in July 1943. On September 3 of the same year, Bardolio's cabinet appointed by the king signed an armistice agreement with the Allies. Italy surrendered unconditionally and declared war on Germany in October. A referendum was held in June 1946 to formally abolish the monarchy and establish the Italian Republic.

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 3:2. The flag surface is composed of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles connected together, which are green, white and red in order from left to right. The original Italian flag had the same color as the French flag, and the blue was changed to green in 1796. According to records, in 1796 Napoleon’s Italian Legion used the green, white and red flags designed by Napoleon himself. The Republic of Italy was established in 1946, and the green, white and red tricolor flag was officially designated as the national flag of the Republic.

Italy has a total population of 57,788,200 (at the end of 2003). 94% of the residents are Italians, and the ethnic minorities include French, Latin, Roman, Friuli, etc. Speak Italian, French and German in some regions. Most residents believe in Catholicism.

Italy is an economically developed country. In 2006, its gross national product was US$1,783.959 billion, ranking seventh in the world, with a per capita value of US$30,689. However, compared with other western developed countries, Italy has the disadvantages of lack of resources and a late start of industry. However, Italy pays attention to timely adjustment of economic policies, attaches importance to research and introduction of new technologies, and promotes economic development. The industry is mainly processing industry, the energy and raw materials needed depend on foreign imports, and more than one-third of industrial products are for export. The country’s participating enterprises are relatively developed. Italy’s annual crude oil processing capacity is about 100 million tons, which is known as the "European Refinery"; its steel output ranks second in Europe; the plastics industry, tractor manufacturing, and power industry are also among the world’s top . Small and medium-sized enterprises occupy an important position in the economy. Nearly 70% of the GDP is created by these enterprises, so they are called the "kingdom of small and medium-sized enterprises." Foreign trade is the main pillar of the Italian economy, with a surplus in foreign trade year after year, making it the third largest trade surplus country in the world after Japan and Germany. Imports are mainly petroleum, raw materials and food, while exports are mainly light industrial products such as machinery and equipment, chemical products, household appliances, textiles, clothing, leather shoes, gold and silver jewelry. The foreign market is mainly in Europe, and the main import and export targets are the EU and the United States. The area of ​​agricultural arable land accounts for about 10% of the country's total area. Italy is rich in tourism resources, humid climate, beautiful scenery, many cultural relics, good beaches and mountains, and roads extending in all directions. Tourism income is an important source of making up for the country’s deficit. The tourism industry has a turnover of 150 trillion lire (about 71.4 billion U.S. dollars), accounting for about 6% of GDP, and a net income of about 53 trillion lire (about 25.2 billion U.S. dollars). The main tourist cities are Rome, Florence and Venice.

Speaking of the ancient civilization of Italy, people will immediately think of the ancient Roman Empire, the ancient city of Pompeii that was destroyed before 1900, the world-famous Leaning Tower of Pisa, and Florence, the birthplace of the Renaissance. , The beautiful water city of Venice, the ancient Roman Arena, known as the eighth wonder of the world, and so on.

The ruins of Pompeii are one of the World Heritage Sites approved by UNESCO. In 79 AD, the ancient city of Pompeii was submerged after the eruption of nearby Mount Vesuvius. After being excavated by Italian archaeologists, people can see the social life of the ancient Roman era from the ruins of Pompeii. In the 14-15 centuries AD, Italian literature and art prospered unprecedentedly and became the birthplace of the European "Renaissance" movement. Dante, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Galileo, and other cultural and scientific masters gave human culture The progress made an unparalleled great contribution. Nowadays, the magnificent buildings of the ancient Roman era and the paintings, sculptures, monuments and cultural relics of the Renaissance era can be seen carefully preserved throughout Italy. Italy's rich cultural and artistic heritage is a national treasure and an inexhaustible source for the development of tourism. The unique geographical location and climatic conditions, the well-connected sea, land and air transportation network, the supporting service facilities with tourism resources, and the cultural connotation that penetrates all aspects of people's lives attract 30 to 40 million foreign tourists to Italy every year. Tourism has therefore become the mainstay of Italy's national economy.

Rome: Rome, the capital of Italy, is an ancient European civilization with a glorious history. Because it is built on 7 hills and has a long history, it is called "Seven Hills" "City" and "Eternal City". Rome is located on the Tiber River in the middle of the Apennine Peninsula, with a total area of ​​1507.6 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 208 square kilometers. The city of Rome is now composed of 55 residential areas with a population of about 2.64 million. In Rome's history of about 2,800 years, from the 8th century BC to 476 AD, it experienced the glorious period of Eastern and Western Rome. In 1870, the army of the Kingdom of Italy captured Rome and the cause of Italian unification was completed. In 1871, the capital of Italy moved back to Rome from Florence.

Rome is hailed as the world's largest "open-air history museum". Rome has the ancient Roman amphitheater, also known as the Colosseum, one of the world's eight greatest places of interest, built in the first century AD. This oval building covers an area of ​​about 20,000 square meters and has a circumference of 527 meters. It is a symbol of the ancient Roman Empire. On both sides of the broad Imperial Avenue are the Senate, the shrine, the Shrine of the Virgin and some famous temples, such as the Pantheon. To the north of the site of this open-air arena, is the triumphal arch that records the achievements of Emperor Severo’s expedition to Persia, and to the south is the Triumphal Arch of Tidu, which records the emperor’s victory in Jerusalem’s eastward expedition. Not far from the south of Tidu’s Triumphal Arch, there is another as a memorial The largest triumphal arch in Rome built by Constantine the Great over the tyrant of Nero. Traiano Market on the east side of the Imperial Avenue is the commercial center of ancient Rome. Next to the market stands a 40-meter-high triumphal column with spiral reliefs depicting the story of Traiano the Great’s expedition to the Danube River. The Piazza Venezia in the center of the ancient city is 130 meters long and 75 meters wide. It is the meeting point of several main streets in the city. On the left side of the square is the Venetian Palace, an ancient Renaissance building, and on the right is the Venetian Insurance Company building similar in style to the Venetian Palace. In addition, the majestic Palace of Justice, the splendid Piazza Navona, and St. Peter’s Basilica all embody the artistic style of the Renaissance. There are hundreds of museums in Rome, including collections of Renaissance art treasures.

There are many fountains in the city of Rome. The most famous Trevi Fountain was built in 1762 AD. Among the statues of Poseidon in the center of the fountain, two seahorse sculptures represent the calm ocean and the turbulent ocean, and the four goddesses represent the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Turin: It is the third largest city in Italy, one of the major industrial centers, and the capital of Piedmont. Located in the upper valley of Po River, 243 meters above sea level. The population is about 1.035 million.

It was built during the Roman Empire as a military important site. It was an autonomous city state during the Renaissance in the Middle Ages. In 1720, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Occupied by France in the Napoleonic Wars. From 1861 to 1865, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. At the end of the 19th century, it was an important light industry center in the northwest. After the Second World War, the industry developed rapidly, especially the automobile manufacturing industry. Now it is one of the country's largest industrial centers, many large modern enterprises, and Fiat Automobile's output ranks first in the country. On the basis of cheap hydropower in the Alps, focus on the development of technology-intensive industries, including engines, machine tools, electronics, electrical appliances, chemistry, bearings, aircraft, precision instruments, meters, and munitions industries. During the Second World War, it was an important arms manufacturing center for Italy and Germany. The power steelmaking industry is relatively developed. It is famous for its chocolate and various wines. Developed transportation.

Turin is a transportation hub leading to Mont Blanc (the border between France and Italy) and the Grand Saint Bernard Tunnel (the border between Italy and Switzerland). There are railways and roads connecting major domestic cities as well as Lyon, Nice and Monaco in France. There are international airports and helicopters.

Turin is an ancient cultural and artistic city. There are many squares in the city, many collections of Renaissance art and architectural monuments. There are San Giovanni Battista Church, Waldensian Church, and luxurious palaces. There are many parks along the left bank of the Po River. With history and art museums. There are also the University of Turin, founded in 1405, several universities of science and engineering, the National Joseph Verdi Conservatory of Music, and the Modern Technology Research and Experimental Center.

Milan: the second largest city in Italy, the capital of Lombardy. It is located in the northwest of the Po Plain and the southern foot of the Alps. It was built in the fourth century BC. In 395 AD, it was the capital of the Western Roman Empire. The city was almost completely destroyed in two wars with the Holy Roman Empire in 1158 and 1162. Occupied by Napoleon in 1796, it was built as the capital of the Republic of Milan the following year. Incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy in 1859. The country's largest industrial, commercial and financial center. There are industries such as automobiles, airplanes, motorcycles, electrical appliances, railway equipment, metal manufacturing, textiles, clothing, chemicals, and food. Railway and highway hubs. There are the Ticino and Adda rivers, tributaries of the canal. Milan Cathedral is one of the largest Gothic marble buildings in Europe. It was built in 1386. There are also the famous Brera Palace of Fine Arts, La Scala Theatre and Museum.