Ubutaliyani bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 301.318. Iherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi, harimo n’igice cya Apennine, Sisile, Sardiniya n’ibindi birwa. Irahana imbibi n'Ubufaransa, Ubusuwisi, Otirishiya na Sloweniya na Alpes nk'inzitizi yo mu majyaruguru, kandi ikareba inyanja ya Mediterane, inyanja ya Adriatike, inyanja ya Iyoniya n'Inyanja ya Tyrrheniya mu burasirazuba, mu burengerazuba no mu majyepfo. Inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure bwa kilometero zirenga 7.200. Ibice bine bya gatanu byubutaka bwose ni ahantu h'imisozi. Hano hari Alps na Apennines. Mont Blanc ku mupaka uhuza Ubutaliyani n'Ubufaransa ifite metero 4810 hejuru y’inyanja, ikaza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu Burayi; hari umusozi uzwi cyane wa Vesuvius ndetse n’ikirunga kinini cyane mu Burayi-Umusozi wa Etna. Umugezi munini ni uruzi rwa Po. Ibiyaga binini birimo ikiyaga cya Garda n'ikiyaga cya Maggiore. Uturere twinshi dufite ikirere giciriritse cya Mediterane.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo uturere 20 twubuyobozi, intara 103 zose, hamwe nimijyi 8088 (imijyi). Uturere 20 tw’ubuyobozi ni: Piedmont, Valle d'Aosta, Lombardy, Trentino Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Torto Scana, Umbria, Lazio, Marche, Abruzi, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicile, Sardiniya.

Kuva 2000 kugeza 1000 mbere ya Yesu, abaturage b'Abahinde n'Abanyaburayi bimukiye ubudahwema. Igihe cyo kuva 27 kugeza 476 mbere ya Yesu cyari Ingoma y'Abaroma. Mu kinyejana cya 11, Abanyanoromani bateye mu majyepfo y'Ubutaliyani maze bashinga ubwami. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 12 kugeza mu cya 13, yigabanyijemo ubwami bwinshi, ibikomangoma, imigi yigenga n'uturere duto twa feodal. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 16, Ubutaliyani bwigaruriwe n'Ubufaransa, Espanye, na Otirishiya. Ubwami bw'Ubutaliyani bwashinzwe muri Werurwe 1861. Muri Nzeri 1870, ingabo z'ubwo bwami zatsinze Roma amaherezo zirahurira hamwe. Igihe Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose yatangiraga mu 1914, Ubutaliyani bwabanje kutabogama, hanyuma buhagarara ku ruhande rw'Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, n'Uburusiya kugira ngo butangaze intambara ku Budage na Otirishiya maze butsinde intsinzi. Ku ya 31 Ukwakira 1922, Mussolini yashyizeho guverinoma nshya atangira gushyira mu bikorwa ubutegetsi bwa fashiste. Igihe Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yatangiraga mu 1939, Ubutaliyani bwabanje kutabogama kandi Ubudage bwatsinze mu Bufaransa.Yinjiye mu Budage muri Kamena 1940 butangaza intambara ku Bwongereza n'Ubufaransa. Muri Nyakanga 1943, Mussolini yahiritswe. Ku ya 3 Nzeri muri uwo mwaka, abaminisitiri ba Bardolio bashyizweho n’umwami basinyanye amasezerano n’intambara n’Ubumwe bw’Ubutaliyani.Ubutaliyani bwitanze nta shiti kandi butangaza intambara ku Budage mu Kwakira. Muri Kamena 1946 habaye referendumu yo gukuraho ubwami no gushinga Repubulika y'Ubutaliyani.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 3: 2. Ubuso bwibendera bugizwe nuburyo butatu buringaniye kandi buringaniye buhagaritse urukiramende rwahujwe hamwe, ni icyatsi, cyera numutuku ukurikije ibumoso ugana iburyo. Ibendera ry'Ubutaliyani ry'umwimerere ryari rifite ibara rimwe n'ibendera ry'Ubufaransa, naho ubururu bwahinduwe icyatsi mu 1796. Dukurikije inyandiko, mu 1796 Legio yo mu Butaliyani ya Napoleon yakoresheje amabendera y'icyatsi, yera, n'umutuku yateguwe na Napoleon ubwe. Repubulika y'Ubutaliyani yashinzwe mu 1946, kandi ibendera ry'icyatsi kibisi, cyera n'umutuku ryashyizweho ku mugaragaro nk'ibendera ry'igihugu cya Repubulika.

Ubutaliyani butuwe n'abaturage 57.788.200 (mu mpera za 2003). 94% by'abatuye ni Abataliyani, kandi amoko mato arimo Igifaransa, Ikilatini, Ikiromani, Friuli, n'ibindi. Vuga Igitaliyani, Igifaransa n'Ikidage mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Abenegihugu benshi bizera Gatolika.

Ubutaliyani ni igihugu cyateye imbere mu bukungu. Mu 2006, umusaruro rusange w’igihugu wari miliyari 1.783.959 USD, uza ku mwanya wa karindwi ku isi, umuturage afite agaciro ka $ 30.689. Ariko, ugereranije nibindi bihugu byateye imbere muburengerazuba, Ubutaliyani bufite imbogamizi zo kubura amikoro no gutangira inganda zitinze. Icyakora, Ubutaliyani bwita ku guhindura politiki y’ubukungu ku gihe, bushimangira ubushakashatsi no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga rishya, kandi biteza imbere ubukungu. Inganda ahanini zitunganya inganda, ingufu nibikoresho fatizo bikenerwa biterwa nibitumizwa hanze, kandi kimwe cya gatatu cyibicuruzwa byinganda byoherezwa hanze. Ibigo byitabira iki gihugu byateye imbere ugereranije. Ubutaliyani buri mwaka butunganya peteroli ya peteroli ni toni zigera kuri miliyoni 100, izwi ku izina rya "Uruganda rw’iburayi"; umusaruro w’ibyuma uza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu Burayi; inganda za plastiki, inganda z’amashanyarazi, n’inganda n’amashanyarazi nazo ziri ku isonga ku isi . Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bifite umwanya w'ingenzi mu bukungu. Hafi 70% ya GDP byashyizweho n'iyi mishinga, bityo bakitwa "ubwami bw'inganda nto n'iziciriritse." Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga n’inkingi nkuru y’ubukungu bw’Ubutaliyani, bukaba bwarasagutse mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga buri mwaka, bukaba igihugu cya gatatu mu bihugu by’ubucuruzi bisagutse ku isi nyuma y’Ubuyapani n’Ubudage. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ahanini ni peteroli, ibikoresho fatizo n'ibiribwa, mu gihe ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ahanini biva mu nganda zoroheje nk'imashini n'ibikoresho, ibikomoka ku miti, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, imyenda, imyenda, inkweto z'uruhu, zahabu na feza. Isoko ry’amahanga cyane cyane mu Burayi, kandi intego nyamukuru zo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga ni EU na Amerika. Ubuso bwubutaka bwo guhinga bugizwe na 10% byubuso bwigihugu. Ubutaliyani bukungahaye ku bukerarugendo, ikirere cyuzuye, ahantu nyaburanga, ibisigisigi byinshi by’umuco, inyanja nziza n’imisozi, n’imihanda igera mu mpande zose. Amafaranga yinjira mu bukerarugendo ni isoko y'ingenzi yo kuzuza icyuho cy'igihugu. Inganda z’ubukerarugendo zifite ibicuruzwa bingana na tiriyari 150 (hafi miliyari 71.4 z’amadolari y’Amerika), bingana na 6% bya GDP, n’umutungo winjiza hafi tiriyari 53 (hafi miliyari 25.2 z'amadolari y’Amerika). Imijyi nyamukuru yubukerarugendo ni Roma, Florence na Venise.

Tuvuze umuco wa kera w’Ubutaliyani, abantu bazahita batekereza ku bwami bwa kera bw’Abaroma, umujyi wa kera wa Pompeii washenywe mbere ya 1900, umunara uzwi cyane ku isi wa Pisa wa Pisa, na Florence, aho Renaissance yavukiye. , Umujyi mwiza wamazi wa Venise, Arena ya kera yabaroma, izwi nkigitangaza cya munani kwisi, nibindi.

Amatongo ya Pompeii ni hamwe mu murage ndangamurage w'isi wemejwe na UNESCO. Mu mwaka wa 79 nyuma ya Yesu, umujyi wa kera wa Pompeii warohamye nyuma y’iruka ry’umusozi wa Vesuvius wegereye.Nyuma yo gucukurwa n’abacukuzi ba kera bo mu Butaliyani, abantu barashobora kubona ubuzima bw’imibereho yo mu gihe cya kera cy’Abaroma kuva mu matongo ya Pompeii. Mu kinyejana cya 14-15 nyuma ya Yesu, ubuvanganzo n’ubuhanzi by’Ubutaliyani byateye imbere mu buryo butigeze bubaho kandi bibera aho umuryango w’Abanyaburayi "Renaissance" wavukiye. Dante, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Galileo, n’abandi bayobozi b’umuco n’ubumenyi bahaye umuco w’abantu Iterambere ryatanze umusanzu ukomeye ntagereranywa. Muri iki gihe, inyubako nziza cyane zo mu gihe cya kera cy’Abaroma hamwe n’ibishushanyo, ibishusho, inzibutso n’ibisigisigi by’umuco byo mu gihe cya Renaissance birashobora kuboneka neza mu Butaliyani. Umurage gakondo w’Ubutaliyani n’umuco n’ubuhanzi ni ubutunzi bwigihugu nisoko idashira yiterambere ryubukerarugendo. Ahantu hihariye h’imiterere n’imiterere y’ikirere, imiyoboro ihuza abantu benshi mu nyanja, ku butaka no mu kirere, serivisi zita ku nkunga z’ubukerarugendo, hamwe n’umuco uhuza ibice byose by’ubuzima bw’abantu ukurura ba mukerarugendo b’abanyamahanga miliyoni 30 kugeza kuri 40 buri mwaka. Ubukerarugendo rero bwabaye inkingi y’ubukungu bw’igihugu cy’Ubutaliyani.

Roma: Roma, umurwa mukuru w’Ubutaliyani, ni umuco wa kera w’uburayi ufite amateka meza. Kubera ko wubatswe ku misozi 7 kandi ufite amateka maremare, witwa "Imisozi irindwi". "Umujyi" na "Umujyi w'iteka". Roma iherereye ku mugezi wa Tiber rwagati mu gace ka Apennine, hamwe n'ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1507,6, muri yo umujyi ukaba ufite kilometero kare 208. Umujyi wa Roma ubu ugizwe n’uturere 55 dutuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 2.6. Mu mateka ya Roma mu myaka igera ku 2.800, kuva mu kinyejana cya 8 mbere ya Yesu kugeza mu 476 nyuma ya Yesu, yahuye n'igihe cyiza cya Roma y'Iburasirazuba n'Uburengerazuba. Mu 1870, ingabo z'Ubwami bw'Ubutaliyani zafashe Roma maze impamvu yo guhuza Ubutaliyani irarangira. Mu 1871, umurwa mukuru w'Ubutaliyani wasubiye i Roma uvuye i Florence.

Roma irashimwa nk '"inzu ndangamurage y’amateka manini ku isi". Roma ifite amphitheater ya kera y'Abaroma, izwi kandi ku izina rya Colosseum, kamwe mu turere umunani dukomeye ku isi, twubatswe mu kinyejana cya mbere nyuma ya Yesu. Iyi nyubako ya oval ifite ubuso bungana na metero kare 20.000 kandi ifite umuzenguruko wa metero 527. Ni ikimenyetso cyubwami bwa kera bw'Abaroma. Ku mpande zombi z'umuhanda mugari wa Imperial hari Sena, urusengero, Ingoro ya Bikira na insengero zimwe na zimwe zizwi nka Pantheon. Mu majyaruguru y’ahantu habereye ikibuga cyuguruye, ni urukuta rwatsinze rwandika ibyagezweho n’urugendo rw’Umwami Severo mu Buperesi, naho mu majyepfo hakaba arirwo rugamba rwa Triumphal rwa Tidu, rwandika intsinzi y'umwami mu rugendo rw’iburasirazuba rwa Yeruzalemu. Hafi y’amajyepfo ya Tidu ya Triumphal, hari urundi rwibutso. Ikibanza kinini cyatsinze i Roma cyubatswe na Constantine Mukuru hejuru y'umunyagitugu wa Nero. Isoko rya Traiano kuruhande rwiburasirazuba bwa Imperial Avenue ni centre yubucuruzi ya Roma ya kera. Kuruhande rwisoko hari inkingi yuburebure bwa metero 40 yubutsinzi hamwe nubutabazi bugaragaza inkuru yurugendo rwa Traiano Mukuru rugana kumugezi wa Danube. Piazza Venezia rwagati mu mujyi wa kera ifite uburebure bwa metero 130 na metero 75 z'ubugari.Ni ihuriro ry’imihanda minini yo muri uyu mujyi. Ku ruhande rw'ibumoso rw'ikibuga hari Ingoro ya Venetiya, inyubako ya kera ya Renaissance, naho iburyo hari inyubako y'isosiyete y'ubwishingizi ya Venetiya isa mu buryo busa n'ingoro ya Venetiya. Byongeye kandi, Ingoro nini yubutabera, Piazza Navona nziza, na Basilika ya Mutagatifu Petero byose bikubiyemo uburyo bwubuhanzi bwa Renaissance. Hano i Roma hari inzu ndangamurage amagana, harimo ibyegeranyo by'ubutunzi bwa Renaissance.

Hariho amasoko menshi mumujyi wa Roma. Isoko izwi cyane ya Trevi Yubatswe mu 1762 nyuma ya Yesu. Mu gishushanyo cya Poseidon kiri hagati yisoko, ibishusho bibiri byo mu nyanja bigereranya inyanja ituje n’inyanja irimo imivurungano, kandi ibishusho bine byimana byerekana ibihe bine byimpeshyi, icyi, impeshyi nimbeho.

Turin: Numujyi wa gatatu munini mu Butaliyani, kimwe mu bigo bikomeye by’inganda, n'umurwa mukuru wa Piedmont. Iherereye mu kibaya cyo hejuru cyuruzi rwa Po, metero 243 hejuru yinyanja. Abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.035.

Yubatswe mugihe cyingoma yabaroma nkikibanza gikomeye cya gisirikare. Wari igihugu cyigenga cyigenga mugihe cya Renaissance mugihe cyo hagati. Mu 1720, wari umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Sarudiya. Yigaruriwe n'Ubufaransa mu Ntambara ya Napoleon. Kuva mu 1861 kugeza 1865, wari umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bw'Ubutaliyani. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, cyari ikigo gikomeye cy'inganda zoroheje mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, inganda zateye imbere byihuse, cyane cyane inganda zikora imodoka. Ubu ni kimwe mu bigo binini by’inganda mu gihugu, inganda nini zigezweho, kandi umusaruro wa Fiat Automobile uza ku mwanya wa mbere mu gihugu. Hashingiwe ku mashanyarazi ahendutse muri Alpes, wibande ku iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, harimo moteri, ibikoresho by’imashini, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, chimie, ibyuma, indege, ibikoresho bisobanutse, metero, n’inganda z’amasasu. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, cyari ikigo gikomeye cyo gukora intwaro mu Butaliyani n'Ubudage. Inganda zikora amashanyarazi zateye imbere ugereranije. Irazwi cyane kuri shokora na vino zitandukanye. Gutezimbere ubwikorezi.

Turin ni ihuriro ryogutwara abantu ryerekeza kuri Mont Blanc (umupaka uhuza Ubufaransa n’Ubutaliyani) na Tunnel ya Grand Saint Bernard (umupaka uhuza Ubutaliyani n'Ubusuwisi). Hano hari gari ya moshi n'imihanda ihuza imijyi minini mugihugu kimwe na Lyon, Nice na Monaco mubufaransa. Hano hari ibibuga byindege mpuzamahanga na kajugujugu.

Turin numujyi wa kera wumuco nubuhanzi. Hano hari ibibuga byinshi mumujyi, ibyegeranyo byinshi byubuhanzi bwa Renaissance ninzibutso zubatswe. Hano hari Itorero rya San Giovanni Battista, Itorero rya Waldensian, hamwe ningoro nziza. Hano hari parike nyinshi kuruhande rwibumoso bwumugezi wa Po. Hamwe n'amateka ndangamurage. Hariho na kaminuza ya Turin, yashinzwe mu 1405, kaminuza nyinshi z’ubumenyi n’ubuhanga, Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’umuziki Joseph Verdi, hamwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi bugezweho.

Milan: umujyi wa kabiri munini mu Butaliyani, umurwa mukuru wa Lombardy. Iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'ikibaya cya Po no mu majyepfo ya Alpes. Yubatswe mu kinyejana cya kane mbere ya Yesu. Mu 395 nyuma ya Yesu, wari umurwa mukuru w'ingoma y'Uburengerazuba bw'Abaroma. Umujyi washenywe rwose mu ntambara ebyiri n’Ingoma ntagatifu y'Abaroma mu 1158 na 1162. Yigaruriwe na Napoleon mu 1796, yubatswe nk'umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika ya Milan umwaka ukurikira. Yinjiye mu Bwami bw'Ubutaliyani mu 1859. Ikigo kinini mu nganda, ubucuruzi n’imari. Hariho inganda nk'imodoka, indege, moto, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya gari ya moshi, gukora ibyuma, imyenda, imyenda, imiti, n'ibiribwa. Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi. Hariho imigezi ya Ticino na Ada, imigezi yo mu muyoboro Tongbo. Cathedrale ya Milan ni imwe mu nyubako nini za Gothique ya marble mu Burayi.Yubatswe mu 1386. Hariho kandi ingoro izwi cyane ya Brera yubuhanzi Bwiza, La Scala Theatre na Museum.