Italy ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 301,318. Ili kumwera kwa Europe, kuphatikiza Apennine Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia ndi zilumba zina. Imadutsa France, Switzerland, Austria ndi Slovenia ndi Alps ngati chotchinga kumpoto, ndipo imayang'anizana ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean, Nyanja ya Adriatic, Nyanja ya Ionia ndi Nyanja ya Tyrrhenian kum'mawa, kumadzulo ndi kumwera. Mphepete mwa nyanja ndi makilomita oposa 7,200 kutalika. Magawo anayi mwa magawo asanu a gawo lonselo ndi malo amapiri. Pali Alps ndi Apennines. Mont Blanc m'malire pakati pa Italy ndi France ndi 4810 mita kupitirira nyanja, kukhala wachiwiri ku Europe; m'derali pali Phiri la Vesuvius lodziwika bwino komanso phiri lalikulu kwambiri laphiri ku Europe-Mount Etna. Mtsinje waukulu kwambiri ndi Mtsinje wa Po. Nyanja zikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo Nyanja ya Garda ndi Nyanja ya Maggiore. Madera ambiri ali ndi nyengo yotentha ya Mediterranean.

Dzikoli lagawidwa zigawo 20 zoyang'anira, zigawo zonse za 103, ndi mizinda (8845) yamatauni. Madera 20 oyang'anira ndi awa: Piedmont, Valle d'Aosta, Lombardy, Trentino Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Torto Scana, Umbria, Lazio, Marche, Abruzi, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, Sardinia.

Kuyambira 2000 mpaka 1000 BC, anthu aku Indo-European adasunthirabe mosalekeza. Nthawi kuyambira 27 mpaka 476 BC inali Ufumu wa Roma. M'zaka za zana la 11, anthu aku Norman adalanda kumwera kwa Italy ndikukhazikitsa ufumu. Kuyambira zaka za zana la 12 mpaka 13, idagawika maufumu ambiri, maboma, mizinda yoyenda yokha ndi madera ang'onoang'ono amfumu. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, Italy idalandidwa ndi France, Spain, ndi Austria. Kingdom of Italy idakhazikitsidwa mu Marichi 1861. Mu Seputembala 1870, gulu lankhondo lachifumu lidagonjetsa Roma ndipo pamapeto pake lidagwirizananso. Nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itayamba mu 1914, dziko la Italy silinachite nawo ndale, kenako linaimirira ku Britain, France, ndi Russia kulengeza nkhondo ku Germany ndi Austria ndikupambana. Pa Okutobala 31, 1922, Mussolini adakhazikitsa boma latsopano ndipo adayamba kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa fascist. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itayamba mu 1939, dziko la Italy silinachite nawo ndale ndipo Germany idapambana ku France, idagwirizana ndi Germany mu June 1940 ndipo idalengeza nkhondo ku Britain ndi France. Mussolini adagonjetsedwa mu Julayi 1943. Pa Seputembara 3 chaka chomwecho, nduna ya Bardolio yosankhidwa ndi mfumu idasainirana pangano lankhondo ndi ma Allies. Italy idadzipereka mosavomerezeka ndipo idalengeza nkhondo ku Germany mu Okutobala. Referendamu idachitika mu June 1946 kuti athetse mwalamulo amfumu ndikukhazikitsa Republic of Italy.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi yaying'ono yamakona anayi ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwake kwa 3: 2. Pamwamba pa mbendera pamakhala timakona tating'onoting'ono tofananira tofananira tolumikizana palimodzi, tating'onoting'onoting'ono, toyera ndi tofiira potengera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Mbendera yoyambirira yaku Italiya inali yofanana ndi mbendera yaku France, ndipo buluu lidasinthidwa kukhala lobiriwira mu 1796. Malinga ndi zolembedwa, mu 1796 a Napoleon aku Italy a Legion adagwiritsa ntchito mbendera zobiriwira, zoyera komanso zofiira zopangidwa ndi Napoleon mwini. Republic of Italy idakhazikitsidwa mu 1946, ndipo mbendera yoyera, yoyera komanso yofiira ya tricolor idasankhidwa mwalamulo ngati mbendera ya Republic.

Italy ili ndi anthu onse 57,788,200 (kumapeto kwa 2003). 94% yaomwe akukhalamo ndi aku Italiya, ndipo mafuko ang'onoang'ono akuphatikizapo French, Latin, Roman, Friuli, etc. Lankhulani Chiitaliya, Chifalansa ndi Chijeremani m'malo ena. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira Chikatolika.

Italy ndi dziko lotukuka pachuma.Mu 2006, chuma chake chonse chinali US $ 1,783.959 biliyoni, ndikukhala wachisanu ndi chiwiri padziko lonse lapansi, pamtengo wokwana US $ 30,689. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo otukuka, Italy ili ndi zovuta zakusowa kwazinthu komanso kuyambitsa kwakanthawi kwamakampani. Komabe, Italy ikuyang'ana kusintha kwakanthawi kwamalamulo azachuma, ikufunika pakufufuza ndikukhazikitsa matekinoloje atsopano, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chachuma. Makampaniwa amatengera ntchito za mafakitole. Mphamvu ndi zopangira zomwe zimafunikira zimadalira zakunja, ndipo zopitilira gawo limodzi mwa zitatu za mafakitale ndizogulitsa kunja. Mabizinesi omwe akutenga nawo mbali mdzikolo akutukuka kwambiri. Mphamvu zakapangidwe ka mafuta osakonzedwa pachaka ku Italy ndi pafupifupi matani 100 miliyoni, omwe amadziwika kuti "European Refinery"; zotulutsa zake zachitsulo zimakhala zachiwiri ku Europe; mafakitale apulasitiki, kupanga mathirakitala, ndi mafakitale amagetsi nawonso ali m'gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi . Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati amakhala ndi udindo wofunikira pachuma.Pafupifupi 70% ya GDP imapangidwa ndi mabizinesi awa, chifukwa chake amatchedwa "ufumu wamabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso apakati." Malonda akunja ndiye mzati waukulu wachuma ku Italy, wokhala ndi zochuluka pamalonda akunja chaka ndi chaka, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale dziko lachitatu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa Japan ndi Germany. Zogulitsa kunja makamaka mafuta, zopangira ndi chakudya, pomwe zogulitsa kunja ndizogulitsa zopepuka monga makina ndi zida, zopangira mankhwala, zida zapanyumba, nsalu, zovala, nsapato zachikopa, zodzikongoletsera zagolide ndi zasiliva. Msika wakunja uli makamaka ku Europe, ndipo zikuluzikulu zofunika kutumiza ndi kutumiza kunja ndi EU ndi United States. Dera la malo olimapo olimidwa amakhala pafupifupi 10% yadziko lonse. Italy ili ndi chuma chambiri pazokopa alendo, nyengo yamvula, malo okongola, zikhalidwe zambiri, magombe abwino ndi mapiri, ndi misewu yopita mbali zonse. Ndalama zokopa alendo ndi gwero lofunikira popanga kuchepa kwadzikoli. Makampani opanga zokopa alendo ali ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 150 trilioni (pafupifupi ma 71.4 biliyoni aku US), omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 6% ya GDP, komanso ndalama zonse pafupifupi 53 trilioni lire (pafupifupi 25.2 biliyoni US dollars). Mizinda ikuluikulu yokaona alendo ndi Roma, Florence ndi Venice.

Ponena za chitukuko chakale ku Italy, anthu adzaganiza nthawi yomweyo za Ufumu wakale wa Roma, mzinda wakale wa Pompeii womwe udawonongedwa 1900 isanakwane, Leaning Tower yotchuka kwambiri ku Pisa, ndi Florence, komwe kudabadwira Renaissance. , Mzinda wokongola wamadzi wa Venice, Arena wakale waku Roma, wodziwika ngati chodabwitsa chachisanu ndi chitatu padziko lapansi, ndi zina zambiri. Mabwinja a Pompeii ndi amodzi mwamalo omwe ali ovomerezeka ndi UNESCO. Mu 79 AD, mzinda wakale wa Pompeii unamizidwa pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa phiri la Vesuvius lapafupi. Atafukulidwa ndi akatswiri ofukula zakale aku Italiya, anthu amatha kuwona moyo wachikhalidwe cha nthawi yakale ya Roma kuchokera kumabwinja a Pompeii. M'zaka za m'ma 14-15 AD, mabuku ndi zaluso zaku Italiya zidachita bwino kwambiri kuposa kale lonse ndipo zidakhala malo obadwira ku Europe "Kubadwanso Kwatsopano". Dante, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Galileo, ndi akatswiri ena azikhalidwe ndi asayansi adapatsa chikhalidwe cha anthu Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kunathandizira kwambiri. Masiku ano, nyumba zokongola zosungidwa bwino kuyambira nthawi ya Roma ndikujambula, ziboliboli, zipilala ndi zikhalidwe zakale za nthawi ya Renaissance zitha kuwoneka ku Italy. Chikhalidwe chambiri komanso zaluso ku Italy ndi chuma chamayiko komanso gwero losatha lachitukuko cha zokopa alendo. Malo apaderadera komanso nyengo, kulumikizana bwino kwa nyanja, nthaka ndi mayendedwe amlengalenga, malo othandizira othandizira ndi zokopa alendo, komanso malingaliro azikhalidwe omwe amalowerera mbali zonse za miyoyo ya anthu amakopa alendo ochokera kumayiko ena 30 mpaka 40 miliyoni ku Italy chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake zokopa alendo zakhala maziko achitetezo zachuma ku Italy.

Roma: Roma, likulu la Italy, ndi chitukuko chakale ku Europe chokhala ndi mbiri yabwino. Chifukwa idamangidwa pamapiri 7 ndipo ili ndi mbiri yakalekale, amatchedwa "Mapiri Asanu ndi awiri" "Mzinda" ndi "Mzinda Wamuyaya". Roma ili pamtsinje wa Tiber pakati pa Apennine Peninsula, okhala ndi malo okwana ma 1507.6 ma kilomita, komwe kumatauni kuli 208 ma kilomita. Mzinda wa Roma tsopano uli ndi malo 55 okhala okhala anthu pafupifupi 2.64 miliyoni. M'mbiri ya Roma yazaka pafupifupi 2,800, kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC mpaka 476 AD, idakumana ndi nthawi yaulemerero yaku Eastern ndi Western Roma. Mu 1870, gulu lankhondo la Kingdom of Italy lidalanda Roma ndipo zoyambitsa mgwirizano ku Italy zidamalizidwa. Mu 1871, likulu la Italy lidabwerera ku Roma kuchokera ku Florence.

Roma yatamandidwa ngati nyumba yosungiramo zakale zakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Roma ili ndi bwalo lamasewera lakale lachi Roma, lotchedwanso Colosseum, amodzi mwamalo osangalatsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, omangidwa mzaka zoyambirira AD. Nyumba yovulalayi ili ndi malo okwana pafupifupi 20,000 square metres ndipo ili ndi chozungulira cha mamita 527. Ndi chizindikiro cha Ufumu wakale wa Roma. Kumbali zonse ziwiri za Imperial Avenue yayikulu kuli Senate, kachisi, Shrine of the Virgin ndi akachisi ena odziwika bwino, monga Pantheon. Kumpoto kwa malo abwalo lamaseweroli, ndiye chipilala chachipambano chomwe chimalemba zomwe zikwaniritsidwa paulendo wa Emperor Severo ku Persia, ndipo kumwera kwake ndi Arch of Triumphal Arch ya Tidu, yomwe imalemba kupambana kwa mfumu paulendo wakum'mawa waku Yerusalemu. Chipilala chachipambano chachikulu kwambiri ku Roma chomangidwa ndi Constantine Wamkulu wolamulira wankhanza wa Nero. Msika wa Traiano kum'mawa kwa Imperial Avenue ndiye likulu lazamalonda ku Roma wakale. Pafupi ndi msika pamakhala chipilala chopambana cha mita 40 chokhala ndi zithunzi zozungulira zomwe zikuwonetsa nkhani yaulendo wa Traiano Wamkulu wopita ku Mtsinje wa Danube. Piazza Venezia mkatikati mwa mzinda wakalewu ndi wa 130 mita kutalika ndi mita 75. Ndi malo amisonkhano mumisewu ikuluikulu yambiri mumzinda. Kumanzere kwa bwaloli kuli Nyumba Yachifumu ya Venetian, nyumba yakale yakale ya Kubadwanso Kwatsopano, ndipo kumanja kuli nyumba ya kampani ya Inshuwaransi ya Venetian yofanana ndi Nyumba Yachifumu ya Venetian. Kuphatikiza apo, Nyumba yachifumu yokongola ya Chilungamo, Piazza Navona wokongola, ndi Tchalitchi cha St.Peter zonse zili ndi kalembedwe kaukadaulo. Pali malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ku Roma, kuphatikiza zopereka zaluso zachilengedwe za Renaissance.

Pali akasupe ambiri mumzinda wa Roma. Kasupe wotchuka kwambiri wa Trevi adamangidwa mu 1762 AD. Mwa ziboliboli za Poseidon pakatikati pa kasupeyo, ziboliboli ziwiri zam'nyanja zikuyimira nyanja yamtendere komanso nyanja yosokonekera, ndipo azimayi anayiwa amayimira nyengo zinayi za chilimwe, chilimwe, nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira.

Turin: Ndi mzinda wachitatu waukulu kwambiri ku Italy, umodzi mwamalo opangira mafakitale, komanso likulu la Piedmont. Ili m'chigwa chapamwamba cha Mtsinje wa Po, mamita 243 pamwamba pa nyanja. Chiwerengero cha anthu pafupifupi 1.035 miliyoni.

Inamangidwa nthawi ya Ufumu wa Roma ngati malo ofunikira ankhondo. Unali mzinda wodziyimira pawokha munthawi ya Renaissance ku Middle Ages. Mu 1720, unali likulu la Ufumu wa Sardinia. Otsogozedwa ndi France munkhondo za Napoleon. Unali likulu la Kingdom of Italy kuyambira 1861 mpaka 1865. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, inali malo ofunikira owunikira kumpoto chakumadzulo. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, makampaniwa adakula mofulumira, makamaka makampani opanga magalimoto. Tsopano ndi amodzi mwamalo opangira mafakitale ambiri mdziko muno, mabizinesi ambiri amakono, ndipo zotsatira za Fiat Automobile ndizoyambirira mdziko muno. Pamaziko a magetsi otsika mtengo ku Alps, yang'anani pakupanga mafakitale ogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo, kuphatikiza ma injini, zida zamakina, zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, chemistry, mayendedwe, ndege, zida zolondola, mamitala, ndi mafakitale amipangidwe. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, inali malo ofunikira opanga zida ku Italy ndi Germany. Makampani opanga zida zamagetsi amapangika. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa chokoleti chake komanso vinyo wosiyanasiyana. Mayendedwe otukuka.

Turin ndi malo oyendera anthu opita ku Mont Blanc (malire pakati pa France ndi Italy) ndi Grand Saint Bernard Tunnel (malire pakati pa Italy ndi Switzerland). Pali njanji ndi misewu yolumikiza mizinda ikuluikulu komanso Lyon, Nice ndi Monaco ku France. Pali ma eyapoti apadziko lonse lapansi komanso ma helikopita.

Turin ndi mzinda wakale wachikhalidwe komanso zaluso. Pali mabwalo ambiri mumzindawu, magulu ambiri azithunzi zachilengedwe za Renaissance ndi zipilala zomanga. Pali San Giovanni Battista Church, Waldensian Church, komanso nyumba zachifumu zapamwamba. Pali mapaki ambiri m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Po. Ndi zakale ndi zojambula zakale. Palinso University of Turin, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku 1405, mayunivesite angapo a sayansi ndi uinjiniya, National Joseph Verdi School of Music, ndi Research and Experimental Center of Modern Technology.

Milan: mzinda wachiwiri waukulu ku Italy, likulu la Lombardy. Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Po Plain komanso kumwera kwa Alps. Linamangidwa m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC. Mu 395 AD, unali likulu la Ufumu Wakumadzulo wa Roma. Mzindawu udawonongedwa kwathunthu munkhondo ziwiri ndi Ufumu Woyera wa Roma mu 1158 ndi 1162. Wogwidwa ndi Napoleon mu 1796, idamangidwa ngati likulu la Republic of Milan chaka chotsatira. Kuphatikizidwa mu Kingdom of Italy mu 1859. Likulu la mafakitale, malonda ndi zachuma mdzikolo. Pali mafakitale monga magalimoto, ndege, njinga zamoto, zida zamagetsi, zida zanjanji, kupanga zitsulo, nsalu, zovala, mankhwala, ndi chakudya. Njanji ndi malo ochezera misewu ikuluikulu. Pali mitsinje ya Ticino ndi Adda, mitsinje ya ngalandeyi. Mzinda wa Milan Cathedral ndi umodzi mwa nyumba zazikulu kwambiri za maboti a Gothic ku Ulaya, ndipo unamangidwa mu 1386. Palinso Brera Palace ya Fine Arts, La Scala Theatre ndi Museum.