Italy ine nharaunda yemakiromita mazana matatu negumi nemakumi matatu neshanu Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kweEurope, kusanganisira iyo Apennine Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia uye zvimwe zviwi. Inogumira France, Switzerland, Austria neSlovenia neAlps sechipingamupinyi kuchamhembe, uye yakatarisana neGungwa reMediterranean, Gungwa reAdriatic, Gungwa reIonia uye Gungwa reTyrrhenian kumabvazuva, kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa inopfuura makiromita mazana manomwe nemazana maviri pakureba. Zvikamu zvina zvezvishanu zvedunhu rese inzvimbo dzine makomo. Kune Alps uye Apennines. Mont Blanc pamuganhu pakati peItaly neFrance iri 4810 metres pamusoro pegungwa, iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri muEurope; mukati medunhu mune Gomo reVesuvius rakakurumbira uye gomo rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose muEurope-Mount Etna. Rwizi rukuru pane rwose rwizi Po. Makungwa makuru anosanganisira Lake Garda uye Lake Maggiore. Nzvimbo zhinji dzine mamiriro ekunze ekunze kweMediterranean.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuita makumi maviri ematunhu ematunhu, matunhu ese gumi nemana, nemaguta makumi masere nemakumi masere neshanu. Iwo makumi maviri ematunhu ematunhu ndeaya: Piedmont, Valle d'Aosta, Lombardy, Trentino Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Torto Scana, Umbria, Lazio, Marche, Abruzi, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, Sardinia.

Kubva 2000 kusvika 1000 BC, Indo-European vanhu vakapfuurira mberi. Nguva kubva 27 kusvika 476 BC yaive Humambo hweRoma. Muzana ramakore rechi 11, vaNorman vakapinda nechokumaodzanyemba kweItaly ndokutanga umambo. Kubva muzana ramakore regumi nembiri kusvika regumi nematatu, rakakamukana kuva umambo hwakawanda, hukuru, maguta akazvimiririra uye madunhu madiki eumambo. Kubva muzana ramakore regumi nematanhatu, Italy yakanga ichiteverwa neFrance, Spain, neAustria. Humambo hweItari hwakagadzwa munaKurume 1861. MunaGunyana 1870, mauto ehumambo akakunda Roma uye pakupedzisira akabatana zvakare. Pakatanga Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga muna 1914, Italy yakatanga kusarerekera, ndokuzomira kudivi reBritain, France neRussia kuti vazivise hondo kuGerman neAustria uye kukunda. Musi waGumiguru 31, 1922, Mussolini akaumba hurumende nyowani ndokutanga kushandisa mutemo wechiFascist. Pakatanga Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri muna 1939, Italy haina kwayakarerekera uye Germany yakakunda muFrance.Yakabatana neGerman muna Chikumi 1940 ikazivisa hondo kuBritain neFrance. Mussolini akakundwa muna Chikunguru 1943. Musi waSeptember 3 wegore rimwe chetero, dare remakurukota raBardolio rakasainwa namambo rakasaina chibvumirano chemauto nemaAllies.Itari yakazvipira zvisingaite ndokutanga kurwa neGerman munaGumiguru. Referendamu yakaitwa muna Chikumi 1946 kudzimisira umambo nekumisikidza iyo Italian Republic.

Mureza wenyika: Inoita rectangular ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe3: 2. Iyo mureza pamusoro inoumbwa nematatu akaenzana uye akaenzana akatwasuka marongedzo akabatana pamwechete, ayo ari egirini, machena uye matsvuku akarongeka kubva kuruboshwe kurudyi. Mureza wekutanga weItaly waiva neruvara rwakafanana nemureza weFrance, uye bhuruu rakashandurwa kuita girini muna 1796. Zvinoenderana nezvakanyorwa, muna 1796 Napoleon weItaly Legion akashandisa mireza yakasvibira, chena uye tsvuku yakagadzirwa naNapoleon iye. IRepublic of Italy yakavambwa muna 1946, uye iyo tema, chena uye tsvuku tricolor mureza yakasarudzwa zviri pamutemo semureza wenyika weRepublic.

Italy ine huwandu hwevanhu 57,788,200 (pakupera kwa2003). 94% yevagari vemuItaly, uye madzinza madiki anosanganisira chiFrench, chiLatin, chiRoma, Friuli, nezvimwe. Taura chiItaly, French nechiGerman mune mamwe matunhu. Vazhinji vagari vanotenda muchiKaturike.

Italy inyika ine hupfumi.Muna 2006, mari yaro yepasi rose yaive US $ 1,783.959 bhiriyoni, iri pachinhanho chechinomwe pasi rose, iine US $ 30,689 pamunhu. Zvisinei, zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzekumadokero dzakasimukira, Italy ine zvayakanakira nekushaikwa kwezviwanikwa uye nekutanga kunonoka kwemaindasitiri. Nekudaro, Italy inoteerera kugadziriswa panguva inoenderana nemitemo yezvehupfumi, inokoshesa kukosha kwekutsvaga uye kuunza matekinoroji matsva, uye inosimudzira kusimudzira kwehupfumi. Iyo indasitiri iri kunyanya kugadzirisa indasitiri, simba uye mbishi zvinhu zvinodiwa zvinoenderana nekutenga kunze kwenyika, uye inopfuura chetatu chezvigadzirwa zveindasitiri ndezvekutengesa kunze. Mabhizinesi anotora chikamu emunyika akagadzirwa zvine mutsindo. Itari yegoridhe isina kugadzirwa yegore rose ingangoita matani emamirioni zana, ayo anozivikanwa se "European Refinery"; simbi yayo inoburitsa iri pechipiri muEurope; indasitiri yepurasitiki, kugadzirwa kwetarakita, uye indasitiri yemagetsi zvakare ari pakati pepamusoro soro . Makambani madiki nepakati ane chinzvimbo chakakosha muhupfumi. Inenge 70% yeGDP inogadzirwa nemabhizinesi aya, saka anonzi "humambo hwemabhizimusi madiki nepakati." Kutengeserana kwekune dzimwe nyika ndiyo mbiru huru yehupfumi hweItaly, iine mari yakawanda mukutengeserana kwekunze gore negore, ichiita nyika yechitatu yekutengeserana kwenyika pasure mushure meJapan neGerman. Zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinonyanya kuve petroleum, mbishi zvinhu uye chikafu, nepo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zviri zvakanyanya zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri senge michina nemidziyo, zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, midziyo yemumba, machira, zvipfeko, shangu dzeganda, goridhe nesirivha zvishongo. Musika wekunze uri kunyanya muEurope, uye zvinangwa zvekupinza nekutengesa kunze kwenyika iEU neUnited States. Iyo nzvimbo yeminda yekurima yekurima inosvika gumi muzana yenzvimbo dzenyika. Italy yakapfuma mune zviwanikwa zvekushanyirwa, mamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro, nzvimbo dzinoyevedza, dzakawanda zvisaririra zvetsika, mahombekombe akanaka nemakomo, nemigwagwa inotenderera kwese kwese. Mari yekushanya ndiyo sosi yakakosha yekugadzirisa kukwana kwenyika. Iyo indasitiri yekushanya ine mari inosvika zana nemakumi mashanu emamirioni emadhora (anenge 71,4 mabhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica), inoverengera nezve 6% yeGDP, uye mari yemubhadharo inosvika 53 trillion lire (anenge 25.2 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica). Maguta makuru evashanyi iRoma, Florence neVenice.

Tichitaura nezve budiriro yekare yeItaly, vanhu vanobva vafunga nezve Humambo hwekare hweRoma, guta rekare rePompeii rakaparadzwa pamberi pa1900, iyo inozivikanwa pasi rese Leaning tower yePisa, uye Florence, nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kweRenaissance. , Guta remvura rakanaka reVenice, yekare Arena yeRoma, inozivikanwa sechishamiso chechisere chepasi, zvichingodaro.

Matongo ePompeii ndeimwe yeNzvimbo Dzemagariro Enyika dzakabvumidzwa neUNESCO. Muna 79 AD, guta rekare rePompeii rakanyudzwa mushure mekuputika kweGomo reVesuvius raive pedyo.Mushure mekufukunurwa nevanochera matongo eItaly, vanhu vanogona kuona hupenyu hwemagariro enguva yekare yeRoma kubva kumatongo ePompeii. Mumazana emakore gumi nemana nemashanu AD, mabhuku eItaly neunyanzvi zvakabudirira zvisati zvamboitika uye zvakava nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yeEuropean "Renaissance" kufamba. Dante, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Galileo, nevamwe vatenzi vetsika nesainzi vakapa tsika dzevanhu. Kufambira mberi kwacho kwakaita mupiro mukuru usingaenzaniswi. Mazuva ano, zvivakwa zvinoyevedza zvenguva yekare yeRoma nemifananidzo, zvivezwa, zvivakwa uye zvisaririra zvenguva yeRenaissance zvinogona kunyatso chengetwa muItari yese. Hupfumi hweItaly hwetsika nemagariro hupfumi hwenyika uye sosi isingaperi yekusimudzira kwekushanya. Iyo yakasarudzika nzvimbo yenzvimbo nenzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze, gungwa rakabatana, ivhu uye nendege yekufambisa netiweki, nzvimbo dzekutsigira dzevashandi nezviwanikwa zvekushanya, uye chirevo chetsika chinopinda mumativi ese ehupenyu hwevanhu chinokwezva mamirioni makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana evashanyi vekunze kuItaly gore rega rega. Tourism saka yave musimboti wehupfumi hwenyika yeItaly.

Roma: Roma, guta guru reItari, ibudiriro yekare yeEuropean ine nhoroondo ine mbiri. Nekuti yakavakirwa pamakomo manomwe uye ine nhoroondo refu, inonzi "Makomo manomwe" "Guta" uye "Guta risingagumi". Roma iri paRwizi rweTiber pakati peApennine Peninsula, ine nzvimbo inosvika makiromita zana nemakumi mashanu nemashanu emakiromita, ayo nzvimbo yemadhorobha iri 208 mativi emakiromita. Guta reRoma ikozvino rakaumbwa nenzvimbo makumi mashanu neshanu dzekugara dzine huwandu hwevanhu vangangoita mamirioni 2.64. Mune nhoroondo yeRoma yemakore angangoita mazana maviri nemazana masere, kubva muzana remakore rechisere BC kusvika muna 476 AD, yakasangana nenguva ine mbiri yeEastern neWestern Roma. Muna 1870, Hondo yehumambo hweItari yakabata Roma uye chikonzero chekubatana kweItari chakapedzwa. Muna 1871, guta guru reItari rakadzokera kuRoma kubva kuFlorence.

Roma inorumbidzwa senzvimbo huru yepasirese ye "open-air history museum". Roma ine yekare yemitambo yeRoma, inozivikanwawo seColosseum, imwe yenzvimbo sere dzakakurumbira pasi rese, yakavakwa muzana ramakore rekutanga AD. Ichi chivakwa chevhavha chakafukidza nzvimbo inosvika zviuru makumi maviri emamirimita uye chakakomberedzwa nemamita 527. Icho chiratidzo cheHumambo hwekare hweRoma. Pamativi ese maviri eiyo yakafara Imperial Avenue pane iyo Seneti, iyo shrine, iyo Shrine yeMhandara uye mamwe matembere ane mbiri, akadai sePantheon. Kuchamhembe kwenzvimbo yeiyi nhandare yemhepo yakavhurika, ndiyo arch yekukunda iyo inonyora zvakaitwa nerwendo rwaEmperor Severo kuenda kuPersia, uye kumaodzanyemba kune Triumphal Arch yeTidu, iyo inonyora kukunda kwamambo mukufambisa kwekumabvazuva kweJerusarema. Nzvimbo huru yekukunda muRoma yakavakwa naConstantine Mukuru pamusoro pemudzvinyiriri waNero. Traiano Musika kumabvazuva kweImperial Avenue ndiyo nzvimbo yekutengesa yeRoma yekare. Parutivi pemusika pane makiromita makumi mana-akakwirira echikamu chekukunda chine zvidhori zvinotenderera zvinoratidzira nyaya yaTraiano yeGreat rwendo rwekuenda kuRwizi rweDanube. Iyo Piazza Venezia iri pakati peguta rekare ndeyemamita zana nemakumi matatu uye yakafara mamita 75. Ndiyo nzvimbo yekusangana yemigwagwa mikuru yakati wandei muguta. Kurutivi rwekuruboshwe kwechikwere kune imba yeVenetian, chivakwa chekare cheRenaissance, uye kurudyi kune iyo Venetian Insurance Company inovaka yakafanana nemanyorerwo neVenetian Palace. Uye zvakare, Imba yeJustice inoshamisa, iyo yakanaka Piazza Navona, uye St. Peter's Basilica zvese zvinoratidzira chimiro chehunyanzvi cheRenaissance. Kune mazana emamiziyamu muRome, kusanganisira kuunganidzwa kweRenaissance art hupfumi.

Kune matsime mazhinji muguta reRoma. Tsime rine mukurumbira reTrevi rakavakwa muna 1762 AD. Pakati pezvivezwa zvePoseidon pakati petsime, zvivezwa zviviri zvegungwa zvinomiririra gungwa rakadzikama uye gungwa rine mhirizhonga, uye vanamwarikadzi vana vanomiririra mwaka mina yechirimo, zhizha, matsutso uye nguva yechando.

Turin: Iri ndiro guta rechitatu pakukura muItari, rimwe remasangano makuru emabhizimusi, uye guta guru rePiedmont. Inowanikwa mumupata wepamusoro weRwizi rwePo, 243 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Vagari vacho vangangoita mamirioni 1.035.

Yakavakwa panguva yehushe hweRoma senzvimbo yakakosha yechiuto. Yakanga iri guta rakazvimiririra-nyika panguva yeMiddle Ages Renaissance. Muna 1720, raive guta guru rehumambo hweSardinia. Inotorwa neFrance muNapoleonic Hondo. Raive guta guru rehumambo hweItari kubva muna 1861 kusvika 1865. Pakupera kwezana ramakore re19th, yaive yakakosha indasitiri yechiedza nzvimbo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Mushure mechipiri Hondo Yenyika, iyo indasitiri yakatanga nekukurumidza, kunyanya indasitiri yekugadzira mota. Iye zvino ndiyo imwe yemahara makuru emabhizimusi emunyika, mabhizimusi mazhinji emazuva ano, uye Fiat Automobile inotanga kuve munyika. Pane hwaro hwemvura yakachipa muAlps, tarisa kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri e-tekinoroji, anosanganisira injini, zvishandiso zvemuchina, zvemagetsi, zvishandiso zvemagetsi, kemesitiri, mabheyaringi, nendege, zviridzwa chaizvo, metres, uye maindasitiri emumigwagwa. Munguva yechipiri Hondo Yenyika, yaive yakakosha nzvimbo yekugadzira maoko kuItari neGerman. Iyo indasitiri yesimbi yekugadzira simbi yakagadziriswa. Iyo inozivikanwa nechokoreti yayo uye newaini dzakasiyana. Kufambiswa kwekufambisa.

Turin inzvimbo yekufambisa inoenda kuMont Blanc (muganho uri pakati peFrance neItari) uye Grand Saint Bernard Tunnel (muganho uri pakati peItari neSwitzerland). Kune njanji nemigwagwa inobatanidza makuru epamba maguta pamwe neLyon, Nice neMonaco muFrance. Kune nhandare dzenyika dzakawanda nemaherikoputa.

Turin iguta rekare rine tsika nemagariro. Kune akawanda materu muguta, akaunganidzwa mazhinji eRenaissance art uye ekuvaka matombo. Kune San Giovanni Battista Chechi, Chechi yevaWaldensia, uye dzimba dzehumambo dzoumbozha. Kune akawanda mapaki pamwe nemahombekombe ekuruboshwe eRwizi rwePo. Nenhoroondo uye hunyanzvi mamuseum. Kune zvakare iyo Yunivhesiti yeTurin, yakavambwa mu1405, mayunivhesiti akati wandei esainzi neinjiniya, iyo National Joseph Verdi Conservatory yeMimhanzi, uye Yemazuva ano Technology Research uye Ongororo Center.

Milan: guta rechipiri pakukura muItaly, guta guru reLombardia. Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwePo Plain uye nechekumaodzanyemba kweAlps. Yakavakwa muzana ramakore rechina BC. Muna 395 AD, raive guta guru reWestern Roman Empire. Guta rakapotsa raparadzwa zvachose muhondo mbiri neHutsvene hweRoma Humambo muna 1158 na1162. Yakatorwa naNapoleon muna 1796, yakavakwa seguta guru reRepublic of Milan gore rinotevera. Yakabatanidzwa muHumambo hweItari mu1859. Inzvimbo huru kwazvo munyika maindasitiri, ezvokutengeserana uye emari. Kune maindasitiri akadai semotokari, ndege, midhudhudhu, midziyo yemagetsi, michina yechitima, kugadzira simbi, machira, zvipfeko, makemikari, uye chikafu. Njanji nemigwagwa mikuru. Kune iyo Ticino neAdda nzizi, mitsara yemukoto. Milan Cathedral ndechimwe chezvivakwa zvikuru zveGothic marble muEurope.Yakavakwa muna 1386. Kune zvakare yakakurumbira Brera Palace yeFine Arts, La Scala Theatre uye Museum.