Uhi ʻo ʻItalia i kahi o 301,318 kilomika kilomika a aia ia ma ka hema o ʻEulopa, me nā Apennines a me nā mokupuni e like me Sisilia a me Sardinia. Aia ia i ka palena ʻo Palani, Kuikilana, ʻAukekulia, a me Slovenia me nā Alps ma ke ʻano he ālai i ka ʻākau, a kū pono i ke Kaiwaenahonua ma ka hikina, komohana, a ma ke kūkulu hema o ke Kai Adriatic, ke Kai ʻIonia a me ke kai Tyrrhenian. Aia ma kahakai he 7,200 kilomita ka lōʻihi. ʻEhā ʻelima hapa nui o ka ʻāina āpau he wahi puʻu ia, me ka mauna kaulana ʻo Vesuvius a me ka luaipele hana nui loa ma ʻEulopa, Mount Etna. <► Aia ma kahi o ʻItalia i 301,318 kilomika kilomika. Aia ma ka hema o ʻEulopa, e like me ka Apennine Peninsula, Sisily, Sardinia a me nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe. Aia ia i ka palena ʻo Palani, Kuikilana, ʻAukekulia a me Slovenia me nā Alps ma ke ʻano he ālai i ke kūkulu ʻākau, a kū i ke kai Mediterranean, ke kai Adriatic, ke kai ʻIonia a me ke kai Tyrrhenian ma ka hikina, komohana a me ka hema. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kahakai ma mua o 7,200 kilomita. ʻEhā ʻelima o ka ʻāina āpau he mau wahi puʻu. Aia nā Alps a me nā Apennines. ʻO Mont Blanc ma ka palena ma waena o ʻItalia a me Palani he 4810 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ʻelua ma ʻEulopa; ma loko o ka panalāʻau ka mauna Vesuvius kaulana a me ka lua pele nui nui ma ʻEulopa-Mount Etna. ʻO ka muliwai nui ʻo Po ka muliwai. ʻO nā loko nui ʻo Lake Garda lāua ʻo Lake Maggiore. Loaʻa ka hapanui o nā wahi i ke aniau subtropical Mediterranean. Ua mahele ʻia ka ʻāina i 20 mau ʻāpana hoʻokele, he 103 ka nui o nā panalāʻau, a me nā kūlanakauhale he 8088 (nā kauhale). ʻO nā wahi hoʻomalu he 20: Piedmont, Valle dʻAosta, Lombardy, Trentino Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Torto Scana, Umbria, Lazio, Marche, Abruzi, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, Sardinia. hae aupuni: he huinahā lōʻihi me ka lakio o ka lōʻihi i ka laulā o 3: 2. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pae hae i ʻekolu mau kaulike kaulike kaulike e pili pū ana, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo, keʻokeʻo a me kaʻulaʻula i ke kaʻina mai ka hema a me ka ʻākau. Ua like ke kala o ka hae Italia maoli me ko ka hae Farani, a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka polū i ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka 1796. Wahi a nā moʻolelo, i ka 1796 Napoleon's Italian Legion i hoʻohana i nā lepa ʻōmaʻomaʻo, keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula i hoʻolālā ʻia e Napoleon iho. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Repubalika o ʻItalia i 1946, a ua koho ʻia ka hae ʻōmaʻomaʻo, keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula i hae aupuni o ka Repubalika. i <► He heluna nui o ʻItalia i 57,788,200 (ma ka hopena o 2003). ʻO ka 94% o nā kamaʻāina he Italia, a ʻo nā lāhui ʻē aʻe he French, Latin, Roman, a me Friuli. E ʻōlelo i ka ʻōlelo ʻItalia, Palani a me Kelemania i kekahi mau ʻāina. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā kamaʻāina i ka Kakolika. He ʻāina hoʻomohala waiwai ʻo ʻItalia. I ka makahiki 2006, he 1,783.959 biliona kona huahana nui, kūlana ʻehiku ma ka honua, me ka waiwai per capita o US $ 30,689. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i kūkulu komohana, aia i Italia nā pōʻino o ka nele o nā kumuwaiwai a me kahi hoʻomaka hope loa o ka ʻoihana. Eia nō naʻe, nānā ʻo Italia i ka hoʻoponopono manawa kūpono o nā kulekele hoʻokele waiwai, pili nui i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā ʻenehana hou, a paipai i ka hoʻomohala waiwai. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka ʻoihana ma nā ʻoihana hana. ʻO ka ikehu a me nā mea maka e pono ai e kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻē, a ʻoi aku i ka hapakolu o nā huahana ʻoihana no ka lawe aku. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻoihana e komo nei i ka ʻāina. ʻO ka nui o ka hana ʻaila ʻaila o Italia ma kahi o 100 miliona mau tona, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "European Refinery"; ʻo kāna huahana kila e kū nei i ka lua ma ʻEulopa; ʻo ka plastics ʻoihana, hana tractor, a me ka ʻoihana mana kekahi o ka honua kiʻekiʻe. . Noho nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā kaulike i kahi kūlana nui i ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ma kahi kokoke i 70% o ka GDP e hoʻokumu ʻia e kēia mau ʻoihana, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he "aupuni o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi." ʻO ke kālepa haole ke kia nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai Italia, me ke koena i ke kālepa haole i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hoʻolilo ana iā ia i ke kolu nui o ke koena kalepa nui ma ka honua ma hope o Iapana a me Kelemania. ʻO nā mea lawe mai ka ʻaila aila, nā pono a me nā meaʻai, ʻoiai nā huahana mea māmā e like me ka mīkini a me nā pono hana, nā huahana kemika, nā mīkini home, nā lole, nā kāmaʻa, nā kāmaʻa ʻili, nā mea gula a me nā mea kālā. ʻO ka mākeke haole ka mea nui i ʻEulopa, a ʻo ka pahuhopu nui e lawe mai a hoʻokuʻu aku i ka European Union a me ka United States. ʻO kahi o nā ʻāina mahiʻai mahiʻai e pili ana i 10% o ka nui o ka ʻāina. Nui ka waiwai o Italia i nā kumuwaiwai huakaʻi, ke aniau anu, nā wahi nani, nā relic moʻomeheu he nui, nā kahakai a me nā mauna maikaʻi, a me nā alanui e hoʻonui ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao āpau ʻO ka loaʻa kālā huakaʻi he kumu waiwai nui ia no ka hemahema o ka ʻāina. Loaʻa i ka ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi he 150 trillion lire (ma kahi o 71.4 biliona kālā US), e helu ana ma kahi o 6% o ka GDP, a me kahi loaʻa kālā o kahi 53 trillion lire (ma kahi o 25.2 biliona kālā US). ʻO nā kūlanakauhale mākaʻikaʻi nui ʻo Roma, Florence a me Venice. p / / I ke kamaʻilio ʻana no ka lāhui kahiko o ʻItalia, e noʻonoʻo koke ka poʻe i ka Emepaea Roma kahiko, ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Pompeii i luku ʻia ma mua o ka makahiki 1900, ka hale kiaʻi Leaning kaulana ʻo Pisa, a me Florence, kahi hānau o ka Renaissance. , Ke kūlanakauhale wai nani o Venice, ka Roman Arena kahiko, ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kupaianaha ʻewalu o ka honua, a pēlā aku. p l ʻO nā ʻōpala o Pompeii kekahi o nā pūnaewele hoʻoilina honua i ʻae ʻia e UNESCO. I ka makahiki 79 M, ua pio ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Pompeii ma hope o ka hū ʻana o ka mauna Vesuvius kokoke. Ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻia ʻana e nā kānaka ʻālia o ʻItalia, hiki i nā poʻe ke ʻike i ka nohona kaiaulu o ka wā Roma kahiko mai nā wahi o Pompeii. I nā kenekulia 14-15 AD, ua holomua me ka holomua ʻole nā puke Italia a lilo i wahi hānau o ka neʻe "Renaissance" ʻEulopa. ʻO Dante, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Galileo, a me nā haku moʻomeheu a ʻepekema ʻē aʻe i hāʻawi i ka moʻomeheu kanaka. ʻO ka holomua i hāʻawi i kahi hāʻawi nui nui ʻole. I kēia mau lā, nā hale nani o ka wā Roma kahiko a me nā kiʻi pena, nā kiʻi kālai, nā kia hoʻomanaʻo a me nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu o ka wā Renaissance hiki ke ʻike mālama mālama ʻia ma loko o Italia. ʻO ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu waiwai a ʻItalia kahi waiwai aupuni a me kahi kumu pau ʻole no ka hoʻomohala hoʻokipa. ʻO ke kūlana kūwaho kūwaho a me nā kūlana o ke aniau, ke kai pili pono, ka ʻāina a me ka lewa mokulele pūnaewele, nā lawelawe lawelawe kākoʻo me nā kumuwaiwai huakaʻi, a me ka pilina moʻomeheu e komo i nā ʻaoʻao āpau o ke ola o ka poʻe e hoʻohihi iā 30 a 40 miliona mau mākaʻikaʻi haole i ʻItalia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No laila ua lilo ka huakaʻi i mea nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai a Italia. ʻO Roma: ʻo Roma, ke kapikala o ʻItalia, he lāhui kahiki ʻEulopa me kahi mōʻaukala hanohano. No ka mea kūkulu ʻia ia ma nā puʻu he 7 a lōʻihi kona mōʻaukala, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻEhiku Puu" "Kūlanakauhale" a me "Ke kūlanakauhale mau loa". Aia ʻo Roma ma ka muliwai ʻo Tiber ma waenakonu o ka Peninsula ʻo Apennine, me ka nui o 1507.6 kilomika kilomika, a ʻo kahi o ke kūlanakauhale he 208 kilomika kilomika. Ua haku ʻia ke kūlanakauhale o Roma i kēia manawa he 55 mau wahi noho me kahi heluna kānaka ma kahi o 2.64 miliona. Ma ko Roma moʻaukala ma kahi o 2,800 mau makahiki, mai ka 8th kenekulia BC a hiki i 476 AD, ua ʻike ia i ka manawa hanohano o ka Hikina a me ko Roma Komohana. I ka makahiki 1870, ua hoʻopio ka pūʻali koa o ke Aupuni o Italia iā Roma a ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kumu o ka hui ʻana o Italia. I ka 1871, hoʻi ke kapikala o ʻItalia i Roma mai Florence. L mahalo ʻia ʻo Roma ma ke ʻano he "hale hōʻikeʻike mōʻaukala ākea" nui loa o ka honua. ʻO Roma kahi amphitheater Roma kahiko, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Colosseum, kekahi o nā wahi hoihoi ʻewalu o ka honua i kūkulu ʻia i ke kenekulia mua AD. Uhi ʻia kēia hale oval i kahi o kahi o 20,000 mau mika kūlike i loaʻa a me ka pōʻai o 527 mau mika. He hōʻailona ia o ka Emepaea Roma kahiko. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke alanui ākea ʻo Imperial ke Senate, ka hale pule, ka Hale Pule o ka Puʻupaʻa a me kekahi mau luakini kaulana, e like me Pantheon. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ke kahua o kēia kahua ākea, ʻo ia ka pahu lanakila e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā mea i loaʻa i ka huakaʻi a ka Emepera Severo i Peresia, a ma ka hema ka Triumphal Arch o Tidu, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka lanakila o ka mōʻī ma ka huakaʻi hikina a Ierusalema. ʻO ka pio lanakila nui ma Roma i kūkulu ʻia e Constantine ka Nui ma luna o ka hana hoʻomāinoino o Nero. ʻO Traiano Market ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Imperial Avenue ke kikowaena ʻoihana o Roma kahiko. Ma ka ʻaoʻao aʻe o ka mākeke e kū ana kahi kolamu lanakila he 40 mika kiʻekiʻe me nā mea kōkua ʻoniʻoni e hōʻike ana i ka moʻolelo o Traiano ka huakaʻi nui i ka muliwai Danube. ʻO ka Piazza Venezia ma waenakonu o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko he 130 mau mika ka lōʻihi a he 75 mau mika ka laulā. ʻO ia ka wahi hālāwai o nā alanui nui i ke kūlanakauhale. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka square ka Hale Aliʻi Venetian, kahi hale Renaissance kahiko, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ka hale ʻoihana Venetian Insurance Company e like me ke kaila i ka Hale Aliʻi Venetian. Eia hou, ʻo ka Hale Aliʻi o ka Hoʻokolokolo, ka Piazza Navona hanohano, a me ka Basilica ʻo St. Peter āpau i ke ʻano o ka hana noʻeau o ka Renaissance. Aia he mau haneli o nā hale hōʻikeʻike ma Roma, me nā hōʻiliʻili o nā waiwai waiwai ʻo Renaissance. He nui nā punawai ma ke kūlanakauhale o Roma. Kūkulu ʻia ka Punawai Trevi kaulana loa i ka 1762 makahiki AD. Ma waena o nā kiʻi o Poseidon ma waenakonu o ka punawai, ʻelua kiʻi kiʻi kai moana e hōʻike ana i ke kai mālie a me ka moana kūpikipiki, a ʻo nā akua wahine ʻehā e hōʻike ana i nā kau ʻehā o ka puna, ke kauwela, ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo. Turin: ʻO ia ke kolu o nā kūlanakauhale nui loa ma ʻItalia, kahi o nā kikowaena ʻoihana nui, a me ke kapikala o Piedmont. Aia ma ke awāwa kiʻekiʻe o Po River, 243 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai. ʻO ka heluna kanaka ma kahi o 1.035 miliona. Kūkulu ʻia i ka wā o ka Emepera Roma ma ke ʻano he kahua koa nui. He kūlanakauhale kūʻokoʻa ia ma ka wā Renaissance i ka wā waena. I ka makahiki 1720, ʻo ia ke kapikala o ke Aupuni Sardinia. Noho ʻia e Farani ma nā Napoleonic Wars. Mai 1861 a 1865, ʻo ia ke kapikala o ke Aupuni o ʻItalia. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, he kikowaena ʻoihana kukui nui ia ma ke komohana ʻākau. Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻelua, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻoihana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻoihana hana kaʻa. I kēia manawa ʻo ia kekahi o nā kikowaena ʻoihana nui o ka ʻāina, nā ʻoihana nui o kēia ao, ʻo Fiat Automobile Company's output ke kūlana mua ma ka ʻāina. Ma ke kumu o ka hydropower liʻiliʻi ma nā kuahiwi, e nānā i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻenehana, e like me nā ʻenekini, nā pono mīkini, uila uila, nā mīkini uila, nā mea hoʻoili, nā mokulele, nā pono pono, mika, a me nā ʻoihana kaua. I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, he kikowaena hana nui ia no Italia a me Kelemania. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻoihana hana kila. Kaulana ia no kāna kokoleka a me nā waina like ʻole. Hoʻolālā halihali. ʻO Turin kahi kikowaena halihali e alakaʻi ana iā Mont Blanc (ka palena ma waena o Palani a me ʻItalia) a me ka Grand Saint Bernard Tunnel (ka palena ma waena o Italia a me Kuikilana). Aia nā alahao a me nā alanui e hoʻopili ana i nā kūlanakauhale kūloko nui a ʻo Lyon, Nice a me Monaco ma Palani. Aia nā mokulele mokulele a me nā helikopter. p Turin kahi kūlanakauhale moʻomeheu a me ka noʻeau kahiko. Nui nā pahu i ke kūlanakauhale, nā hōʻiliʻili he nui o nā kiʻi ʻo Renaissance a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo hale. Aia ka San Giovanni Battista Church, Waldensian Church, a me nā hale aliʻi nani. Nui nā paka ma ke kapa hema o ka muliwai Po. Me nā mōʻaukala a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike kiʻi. Aia pū kekahi ke Kulanui o Turin, hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1405, kekahi mau kula nui o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenekinia, ka National Joseph Verdi Conservatory o Music, a me ka Modern Technology Research and Experimental Center. |