Latvia, dzina lonse la Republic of Latvia, ili ndi dera lalikulu ma 64,589 ma kilomita, kuphatikiza 62,046 ma kilomita lalikulu land ndi 2,543 ma kilomita amadzi amkati. Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Chigwa cha Eastern Europe, moyang'anizana ndi Nyanja ya Baltic (gombe lalitali makilomita 307) kumadzulo, Gulf of Riga imapita mkati kwambiri. Imadutsa Estonia kumpoto, Russia kum'mawa, Lithuania kumwera, ndi Belarus kumwera chakum'mawa. Malowa ndi otsika komanso osalala, ali ndi mapiri kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Kutalika konse kwa malire ndi makilomita 1,841, kuphatikiza ma 496 a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndikutalika kwapakati pamamita 87, mawonekedwe ake ndi mapiri ndi zigwa, olamulidwa ndi podzol, ndipo pafupifupi theka lake ndi nthaka yolimapo. Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango ndi 44% ndipo pali mitundu 14,000 yamtchire. Pali mitsinje 14,000, pomwe 777 ndiyopitilira makilomita 10 kutalika. Mitsinje ikuluikulu ndi Daugava ndi Gaoya. M'derali muli nyanja ndi madambo ambiri. Pali nyanja 140 zokhala ndi malo opitilira 1 kilomita imodzi, ndipo nyanja zazikulu ndi Lake Lubans, Lake Lazna, Lake Egulie ndi Lake Burteneks. Nyengo ndi mtundu wapakatikati wosintha kuchokera kunyanja yam'nyanja kupita kunyanja yayikulu. M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwapakati masana ndi 23 ℃, ndipo kutentha kwapakati usiku kumakhala 11 In. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwapafupipafupi m'malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja kumakhala 2-3 ℃ komanso m'malo osakhala kunyanja kupatula 6-7 ℃. Mvula yamvula yapachaka ndi 633 mm. Chinyezi chimakhala chokwera, ndipo pafupifupi theka la chaka ndi mvula ndi chipale chofewa.

Dzikoli lagawidwa m'maboma 26 ndi mizinda 7 yamagawo, yokhala ndi mizinda 70 ndi midzi 490. Mizinda ikuluikulu ndi: Riga, Daugavapils, Liepaja, Jargava, Jurmala, Ventspils, Rezekne.

Mu 9000 BC, ntchito zoyambirira za anthu zidachitika ku Latvia, za mpikisano wa Europa. Gulu la magulu lidatuluka m'zaka za zana lachisanu. Duchy woyambirira wamatsenga adakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za zana la 10 ndi 13. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 12 mpaka 1562, idalandidwa ndi Nkhondo Zankhondo zaku Germany ndipo pambuyo pake idakhala yaulamuliro wa Delivonia. Kuyambira 1583 mpaka 1710, idagawidwa ndi Sweden ndi Poland-Lithuania. Mtundu waku Latvia udapangidwa koyambirira kwa 17th century. Kuyambira 1710 mpaka 1795, idalandidwa ndi Tsarist Russia. Kuyambira 1795 mpaka 1918, madera akum'mawa ndi akumadzulo a Latin America adagawika ndi Russia ndi Germany motsatana. Kudziyimira pawokha kudalengezedwa pa Novembala 18, 1918. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Bourgeois Democratic Republic kudalengezedwa pa February 16, 1922. Mu Juni 1940, asitikali aku Soviet Union adakhazikika ku Lat ndipo malinga ndi malamulo a Molotov-Ribbentrop owonjezera komanso kukhazikitsa mphamvu zaku Soviet Union.Pa Julayi 21 chaka chomwecho, dziko la Latvia Soviet Socialist Republic lidakhazikitsidwa, ndipo lidaphatikizidwa ku Soviet Union pa Ogasiti 5. . M'chilimwe cha 1941, Hitler anaukira Soviet Union ndipo analanda Latvia. Kuyambira mu 1944 mpaka Meyi 1945, a Soviet Red Army adamasula gawo lonse la Latvia ndipo Latvia idabwezeretsedwanso ku Soviet Union. Pa February 15, 1990, Latvia idapereka chikalata chobwezeretsa ufulu wadziko, ndipo pa February 27, idabwezeretsa mbendera yake yakale, chizindikiro cha fuko komanso nyimbo yadziko. Pa Meyi 4, a Supreme Soviet a Latvia adakhazikitsa "Declaration of Independence" ndikusintha dzina kukhala Republic of Tvia. Pa Ogasiti 22, 1991, a Soviet Soviet a Latvia adalengeza kuti Republic of Latvia yabwezeretsa ufulu wawo. Pa Seputembara 6 chaka chomwecho, Soviet State Council idavomereza ufulu wawo, ndipo pa Seputembara 17, Latvia idalowa United Nations.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi rectangle yopingasa yokhala ndi chiyerekezo cha kutalika mpaka m'lifupi pafupifupi 2: 1. Kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, imakhala ndi mikwingwirima itatu yopingasa yofiira, yoyera komanso yofiira. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1300, anthu aku Latga omwe amakhala ku Latvia amagwiritsa ntchito mbendera zofiira, zoyera komanso zofiira. Mbendera yadziko lino idavomerezedwa mwalamulo mu 1918, ndipo mitundu ndi kukula kwa mbendera yadziko kunatsimikizika mu 1922. Latvia inakhala republic ya dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union. Pa nthawiyo, mbendera yadziko lonse inali yolumikizana ndi madzi oyera ndi amtambo kumunsi kwenikweni kwa mbendera ya dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union. Latvia idalengeza ufulu wodziyimira pawokha mu 1990, ndipo mbendera zofiira, zoyera, komanso zofiira, zomwe zikuyimira umodzi ku Latvia, zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbendera yadziko.

Latvia ili ndi anthu 2,281,300 (Disembala 2006). Anthu aku Latvia anali 58.5%, aku Russia 29%, aku Belarusians 3.9%, aku Ukraine 2.6%, aku Poland 2.5%, ndi aku Lithuania 1.4%. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mafuko monga achiyuda, achi Gypsy, ndi aku Estonia. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Chilativiya, ndipo Chirasha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Makamaka amakhulupirira mu Roma Katolika, Chiprotestanti Lutheran ndi Eastern Orthodox.

Latvia ili ndi maziko abwino azachuma.Izakhazikitsidwa pa ntchito zamakampani ndi zaulimi komanso zoweta ziweto.Ndi dziko lotukuka m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Baltic. Woyamba kukhala woyamba, ulimi udakhala wachiwiri. Kuphatikiza pazachuma cha m'nkhalango (mahekitala 2.9 miliyoni), palinso zochepa zomangira monga peat, miyala yamwala, gypsum, ndi dolomite. Gawo lalikulu la mafakitale limaphatikizapo kukonza chakudya, nsalu, kukonza matabwa, mankhwala, kupanga makina, ndikukonzanso zombo. Agriculture imaphatikizapo kubzala, usodzi, kuweta ziweto ndi mafakitale ena, ndipo ulimi ndi ziweto zimapangidwa bwino. Malo olimidwa amawerengera 39% yamalo onse, kufika mahekitala 2.5 miliyoni. Mbewuzo zimabzalidwa kwambiri mbewu, fulakesi, shuga, balere, rye, ndi mbatata. Hafu ya nthaka yolimapo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima mbewu za ziweto. Ulimi wa ziweto ndiwofunika kwambiri paulimi, makamaka kuweta ng'ombe za mkaka ndi nkhumba. Kuweta njuchi nkofala kwambiri. Agriculture imaphatikizapo mafakitale monga kubzala, nsomba, ndi ziweto. 30% ya anthu mdzikolo amakhala kumidzi, momwe anthu olima amawerengera 15% ya anthu mdzikolo. Rp: Riga, likulu la Latvia, ndiye mzinda waukulu kwambiri komanso malo achisangalalo m'chigawo cha Baltic, komanso doko lotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. M'mbuyomu, mtsinje wa Riga udadutsa pano, womwe udapatsa mzindawu dzina. Riga ili pakatikati pa Baltic States, kumalire ndi Gulf of Riga. Mzindawu umadutsa mbali zonse za Mtsinje wa Daugava ndipo uli pamtunda wa makilomita 15 kumpoto kwa Baltic Sea. Dera la Riga ndilofunika kwambiri. Lili pamphambano yakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe, Russia ndi Scandinavia. Doko lake lili ndi tanthauzo lofunikira ndipo limadziwika kuti "likugunda pamtima pa Nyanja ya Baltic." Chifukwa Riga ili m'malire ndi mtsinje ndi nyanja, imadziwikanso kuti mitsinje itatu ndi nyanja imodzi. Mitsinje itatuyo imanena za Mtsinje wa Daugava, Mtsinje wa Lieruba, ndi ngalande yamzindawu, ndipo nyanja ina imanena za Nyanja Gish. Imakhala ndi dera lalikulu masikweya kilomita 307. Kutentha kwapakati mu Januware ndi -4.9 ℃, ndipo kutentha kwapakati mu Julayi ndi 16.9 ℃. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuposa 740,000, kuwerengera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Wolemba waku Britain Graham Green, yemwe adapita ku Riga mzaka za 1930, adalemba mawu oti "Riga, Paris Kumpoto". Kumbali zonse ziwiri za mseuwu, kuli malo omwera ndi malo odyera amakono, ndipo zochitika zamalonda ndi zosangalatsa mumzinda zikupita patsogolo. Radisson Slavyanska Pavilion ili mumtsinje wa Daugava ndipo ili ndi malo amisonkhano kwambiri mdzikolo, moyang'ana mzinda wakale. Zakudya ku Riga ndizofanana ndi mayiko ena aku Nordic, zonona komanso olemera, koma zilinso ndi zofunikira zawo monga msuzi wobiriwira wa barele ndi msuzi wa nsomba za mkaka, ma pie ndi nyama yankhumba ndi anyezi, ndi pudding mkate wofiirira. Anthu am'deralo amakonda kumwa mowa.

Makampani amaphatikizapo kupanga zombo, zida zamagetsi, makina, magalimoto, magalasi, nsalu, zogulitsa ndi mafakitale opanga chakudya. Mzindawu uli ndi mayendedwe osavuta, ndi eyapoti yapadziko lonse lapansi, doko lonyamula katundu, doko loyendetsa anthu, komanso malo olumikizirana omwe amapezeka mbali zonse. Munthawi ya Soviet, Riga inali doko lofunikira lokhala ndi matani opitilira 8 miliyoni.