Latvia, izere zita reRepublic of Latvia, ine nharaunda yemakiromita mazana masere nemazana matanhatu nemazana masere neshanu nesere, kusanganisira 62,046 mativi emakiromita epasi uye 2,543 mativi emakiromita emvura yemukati. Iri munzvimbo yekumadokero kweEastern Europe Plain, yakatarisana neGungwa reBaltic kumadokero (gungwa remakiromita 307), iyo Gulf yeRiga inoenda yakadzika mukati. Inogumira Estonia kuchamhembe, Russia kumabvazuva, Lithuania kumaodzanyemba, uye Belarus kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Nzvimbo yacho yakadzika uye yakati sandara, ine zvikomo kumabvazuva nekumadokero. Hurefu hwese hwemuganhu makiromita 1,841, kusanganisira makiromita makumi matanhatu nematanhatu emhenderekedzo yegungwa. Iine avhareji kukwirira kwemamita 87, chimiro chenyika makomo nemapani, anotongwa nepodzol, uye inenge hafu yacho ivhu rinorimwa. Huwandu hwekufukidzwa kwemasango ndi44% uye pane zviuru gumi nezvina zvemusango. Kune nzizi gumi nemana, zviuru makumi manomwe nenomwe zvacho zvinopfuura makiromita gumi pakureba. Nzizi huru ndiDaugava neGaoya. Mundima iyi mune makungwa mazhinji nematope. Kune makungwa zana nemakumi mana ane nzvimbo inopfuura kiromita imwe chete, uye makungwa makuru ari Lake Lubans, Lake Lazna, Lake Egulie uye Lake Burteneks. Mamiriro ekunze ndeemhando yepakati yekushanduka kubva kumamiriro ekunze egungwa kuenda kumamiriro ekunze ekondinendi. Muzhizha, avhareji tembiricha panguva yemasikati iri 23 ℃, avhareji tembiricha husiku iri 11 ℃, avhareji tembiricha munzvimbo dzemahombekombe munguva yechando inodarika 2-3 ℃, uye munzvimbo dzisiri dzegungwa kubvisa 6-7 ℃. Avhareji yemvura yekunaya pagore ndeye 633 mm. Unyoro hwakakwirira, uye inenge hafu yegore iri mvura nechando.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuita matunhu makumi maviri nematanhatu uye maguta manomwe-enharaunda, nemaguta makumi manomwe nemisha mazana mana nemakumi matanhatu. Iwo makuru maguta makuru ndeaya: Riga, Daugavapils, Liepaja, Jargava, Jurmala, Ventspils, Rezekne.

Muna 9000 BC, chiitiko chekutanga chevanhu chakaitika muLatvia, iri yerudzi rweEuropa. Kirasi yenzanga yakabuda muzana rechishanu. Yekutanga feudal duchy yakagadzwa muzana regumi nemana-gumi nematanhatu emakore. Kubva kumagumo ezana ramakore rechi12 kusvika 1562, yakapambwa nemaGerman Hondo uye gare gare yaive yehutongi hweDelivonia. Kubva 1583 kusvika 1710, yakakamurwa neSweden nePoland-Lithuania. Rudzi rweLatvia rwakaumbwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi17. Kubva 1710 kusvika 1795, yaigara Tsarist Russia. Kubva muna 1795 kusvika 1918, mativi ekumabvazuva nekumadokero kweLatin America akapatsanurwa neRussia neGerman zvichiteerana. Kuzvimiririra kwakaziviswa munaNovember 18, 1918. Kugadzwa kweBourgeois Democratic Republic kwakaziviswa muna Kukadzi 16, 1922. Muna Chikumi 1940, mauto eSoviet akapinda muLat ndokusimbisa simba reSoviet zvinoenderana neMolotov-Ribbentrop yakavanzika yekuwedzera mutemo.Pana Chikunguru 21 wegore rimwe chete, Latvia Soviet Socialist Republic yakavambwa, uye yakaiswa muSoviet Union muna Nyamavhuvhu 5. . Muzhizha ra1941, Hitler akarwisa Soviet Union ndokutora Latvia. Kubva muna 1944 kusvika Chivabvu 1945, Soviet Red Army yakasunungura nharaunda yese yeLatvia neLatvia yakadzoserwa muSoviet Union. Musi waFebruary 15, 1990, Latvia yakatora chibvumirano chekudzorera rusununguko rwenyika, uye musi waFebruary 27, yakadzorera mureza wayo wekare, chiratidzo chenyika uye rwiyo rwenyika. Musi waMay 4, Supreme Soviet yeLatvia yakatora zviri pamutemo "Kuzivisa Kwekusununguka" uye ikachinja zita rayo kuva Republic of Tvia. Musi waAugust 22, 1991, Supreme Soviet yeLatvia yakazivisa kuti Republic of Latvia yaidzorera rusununguko. Musi waSeptember 6 wegore rimwe chetero, Soviet State Council yakaziva kuzvitonga kwayo, uye musi waGunyana 17, Latvia yakabatana neUnited Nations.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatenderera yakatenderera ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hweinenge 2: 1. Kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, inoumbwa nemitsetse mitatu yakatwasuka yakatwasuka yezvitsvuku, chena uye tsvuku. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi13, vanhu veLatga vaigara muLatvia vaishandisa mireza yakatsvuka, chena uye tsvuku. Mureza wenyika uyu wakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo muna1918, uye mavara uye zviyero zvemureza wenyika zvakatemwa muna 1922. Muna 1940, Latvia yakava republic yeyaimbova Soviet Union.Mureza wenyika panguva iyoyo yaive chena uye bhuruu yemvura yakadzvanywa pazasi pemureza weyaimbova Soviet Union. Latvia yakazivisa rusununguko muna1990, uye mireza yakatsvuka, chena, uye tsvuku, iyo inomiririra kubatana kwenyika yeLatvia, yakashandiswa semureza wenyika.

Latvia ine huwandu hwevanhu 2,281,300 (Zvita 2006). MaLatvians akaita 58.5%, maRussia 29%, maBelarusian 3.9%, maUkraine 2.6%, maPolish 2.5%, uye maLithuania 1,4%. Mukuwedzera, kune mapoka emarudzi akaita sechiJuda, chiGypsy, uye chiEstonia. Mutauro wepamutemo chiLatvia, uye chiRussia chinowanzo shandiswa. Zvikurukuru tenda muRoman Catholic, Protestant Lutheran uye Eastern Orthodox.

Latvia ine hwaro hwakanaka hwehupfumi.Iyo yakavakirwa mumaindasitiri uye kurima nekuchengeta zvipfuyo.Inyika yakabudirira mune zvehupfumi iri pedyo neBaltic Sea.Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakasimukira uye dzakabudirira mune yaimbova Soviet Union.Pakati penyika nhatu dzeBaltic, indasitiri yayo. Yakarongwa kutanga, zvekurima zvakarongwa pechipiri. Pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvesango (2.9 mamirioni mahekita), kune zvakare zvishoma zvivakwa zvekuvaka senge peat, limestone, gypsum, uye dolomite. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu zvinosanganisira kugadzira chikafu, machira, kugadzira huni, makemikari, kugadzira michina, uye kugadzirisa ngarava. Zvekurima zvinosanganisira kudyara, hove, kuchengeta zvipfuyo nemamwe maindasitiri, uye kurima nekuchengeta zvipfuyo zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya. Nyika yakarimwa inokwana 39% yenzvimbo yese, inosvika mahekita mamirioni maviri nemazana maviri. Zvirimwa zvinonyanya kudyarwa zviyo, furakisi, shuga beet, bhari, rye, uye mbatatisi. Hafu yemunda unorimwa unoshandiswa kurima zvirimwa zvemafuro. Kuchengeta zvipfuyo kwakanyanya mukurima, kunyanya kusimudza mombe dzemukaka nenguruve. Kuchengeta nyuchi kwakakurumbira. Zvekurima zvinosanganisira maindasitiri akadai sekudyara, hove, uye kuchengeta zvipfuyo. 30% yevagari vemunyika vanogara mumaruwa, ayo vanhu vekurima vanosvika 15% yehuwandu hwenyika. Rp: Riga, Riga, guta guru reLatvia, ndiro guta hombe uye zhizha zororo munzvimbo yeBaltic, pamwe nechiteshi chakakurumbira pasirese. Munguva dzekare, rwizi Riga rwakapfuura nepano, iro rakapa guta racho zita raro. Riga iri pakati peBaltic States, iri pamuganhu neGulf yeRiga.Guta rinotenderera kumahombekombe erwizi rweDaugava uye iri makiromita gumi nemashanu kuchamhembe kweBaltic Sea. Nzvimbo yeRiga yakakosha kwazvo. Iri pamharadzano yekumadokero nekumabvazuva kweEurope, Russia neScandinavia. Chiteshi chayo chine kukosha kwakakosha uye inonzi "inorova moyo weGungwa reBaltic." Nekuti Riga yakaganhurirwa nerwizi uye nyanza, inozivikanwa zvakare senzizi nhatu uye rimwe dziva.Nzizi nhatu dzinoreva Rwizi Daugava, Rwizi rweLieruba, neguta reguta, uye rimwe dziva rinoreva Jishi Lake. Iyo inovhara nharaunda yemakumi matatu nematanhatu emakiromita. Avhareji tembiricha muna Ndira ndeye -4.9 ℃, uye avhareji tembiricha muna Chikunguru ndi16,9 ℃. Huwandu hwevanhu hwapfuura 740,000, kuverenga chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevanhu venyika.

Munyori weBritish Graham Green, akashanyira Riga muma1930, akanyora chirevo "Riga, Paris kuchamhembe". Pamativi ese enzira, kune maresitorendi nemaresitorendi emazuva ano, uye zvekutengesa zveguta zviitiko zvekuwedzera. Iyo Radisson Slavyanska Pavilion iri paRwizi Daugava uye ine nzvimbo dzakazara kwazvo dzemusangano munyika, yakatarisana neguta rekare. Chikafu muRiga chakafanana nedzimwe nyika dzeNordic, dzakakora uye dzakapfuma, asi zvakare iine hunyanzvi hwayo senge yakasviba bhari muto uye mukaka hove muto, mapai nebhekoni nehanyanisi, uye poda yechingwa yakasvibira. Vagari veko vanofarira kunwa doro.

Indasitiri inosanganisira kuvaka ngarava, zvishandiso zvemagetsi, michina, mota, girazi, machira, zvigadzirwa zvevatengi uye maindasitiri ekugadzira chikafu. Guta rine zvifambiso zviri nyore, iine nhandare yendege, chiteshi chengoro, chiteshi chevapfuuri, uye nzvimbo dzekutaurirana dzinoenda kumativi ese. Munguva yeSoviet nguva, Riga yaive chiteshi chakakosha chine matani anopfuura mamirioni masere.