Lativiya, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Lativiya, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 64.589, harimo kilometero kare 62.046 nubutaka bwa kilometero kare 2,543. Ikigobe cya Riga giherereye mu burengerazuba bw'ikibaya cy'Uburayi bw'Uburasirazuba, cyerekeza ku nyanja ya Baltique (kilometero 307 z'uburebure) ku burengerazuba, Ikigobe cya Riga kijya imbere mu gihugu imbere. Irahana imbibi na Esitoniya mu majyaruguru, Uburusiya mu burasirazuba, Lituwiya mu majyepfo, na Biyelorusiya mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Ubutaka buri hasi kandi buringaniye, hamwe nudusozi muburasirazuba no muburengerazuba. Uburebure bwumupaka ni kilometero 1.841, harimo kilometero 496 zinkombe. Ugereranyije, uburebure bwa metero 87, imiterere y'ubutaka ni imisozi n'ibibaya, byiganjemo podzol, kandi hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyacyo ni ubutaka bwo guhingwa. Igipimo cy’amashyamba ni 44% kandi hari amoko ibihumbi 14 yo mu gasozi. Hariho inzuzi 14,000, muri zo 777 zifite uburebure bwa kilometero zirenga 10. Inzuzi nyamukuru ni Daugava na Gaoya. Muri ako karere hari ibiyaga n'ibishanga byinshi. Hano hari ibiyaga 140 bifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1, kandi ibiyaga binini ni ikiyaga cya Lubans, ikiyaga cya Lazna, ikiyaga cya Egulie n'ikiyaga cya Burteneks. Ikirere ni ubwoko buringaniye bwo kuva mu kirere cyo mu nyanja kugera ku kirere cy’umugabane. Mu mpeshyi, impuzandengo yubushyuhe ku manywa ni 23 ℃, naho ubushyuhe buri nijoro ni 11 ℃. Mu gihe cy'itumba, impuzandengo y’ubushyuhe mu turere two ku nkombe ni munsi ya 2-3 ℃ naho mu bice bitari ku nkombe hakuyemo 6-7 ℃. Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka ni 633 mm. Ubushuhe buri hejuru, kandi hafi ica kabiri c'umwaka ni imvura na shelegi.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo uturere 26 n'imijyi 7 yo ku rwego rw'akarere, ifite imigi 70 n'imidugudu 490. Imijyi minini minini ni: Riga, Daugavapils, Liepaja, Jargava, Jurmala, Ventspils, Rezekne.

Mu 9000 mbere ya Yesu, ibikorwa bya mbere byabantu byabereye muri Lativiya, bikomoka mu bwoko bwa Europe. Umuryango w'icyiciro wagaragaye mu kinyejana cya 5. Ubutegetsi bwa feodal bwambere bwashinzwe mu kinyejana cya 10 -13. Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 12 kugeza mu 1562, yatewe na Crusades y'Abadage nyuma iza kuba iy'ubutegetsi bwa Delivoniya. Kuva mu 1583 kugeza 1710, yagabanijwe na Suwede na Polonye-Lituwaniya. Igihugu cya Lativiya cyashinzwe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17. Kuva mu 1710 kugeza 1795, yigaruriwe n'Uburusiya bwa cyami. Kuva mu 1795 kugeza 1918, ibice byo mu burasirazuba no mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Epfo byagabanijwe n'Uburusiya n'Ubudage. Ubwigenge bwatangajwe ku ya 18 Ugushyingo 1918. Ishyirwaho rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Burugumesitiri ryatangajwe ku ya 16 Gashyantare 1922. Muri Kamena 1940, ingabo z'Abasoviyeti zari i Lat kandi zishingiye kuri protocole y'inyongera ya Molotov-Ribbentrop maze zishyiraho ingufu z'Abasoviyeti. Ku ya 21 Nyakanga muri uwo mwaka, Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti y'Abasoviyeti yashinzwe, maze yinjizwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti ku ya 5 Kanama. . Mu ci ryo mu 1941, Hitler yibasiye Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti maze yigarurira Lativiya. Kuva mu 1944 kugeza muri Gicurasi 1945, ingabo zitukura z'Abasoviyeti zibohoye intara zose za Lativiya na Lativiya zisubizwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Ku ya 15 Gashyantare 1990, Lativiya yemeje itangazo ryerekeye kugarura ubwigenge bw'igihugu, naho ku ya 27 Gashyantare, isubiza ibendera ryayo rya mbere, ikirango cy'igihugu n'indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu. Ku ya 4 Gicurasi, Abasoviyeti Nkuru ya Lativiya bemeje ku mugaragaro "Itangazo ry’Ubwigenge" maze bahindura izina ryitwa Repubulika ya Tiviya. Ku ya 22 Kanama 1991, Abasoviyeti Nkuru ya Lativiya batangaje ko Repubulika ya Lativiya yagaruye ubwigenge. Ku ya 6 Nzeri muri uwo mwaka, Inama ya Leta y'Abasoviyeti yemeye ubwigenge bwayo, naho ku ya 17 Nzeri, Lativiya yinjira mu Muryango w'Abibumbye.

Ibendera ryigihugu: Ni urukiramende rutambitse rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 2: 1. Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, igizwe n'imirongo itatu ibangikanye itambitse itukura, yera n'umutuku. Nko mu kinyejana cya 13, abaturage ba Latga baba muri Lativiya bakoresheje ibendera ry'umutuku, umweru n'umutuku. Iri bendera ry’igihugu ryemewe n'amategeko mu 1918, kandi amabara n’ibipimo by’ibendera ry’igihugu byagenwe mu 1922. Lativiya yabaye repubulika y’icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu 1940. Icyo gihe ibendera ry’igihugu ryari ishusho y’amazi yera kandi yubururu ku gice cyo hepfo y’ibendera ry’Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti. Lativiya yatangaje ubwigenge mu 1990, kandi amabendera atukura, yera, n'umutuku, agereranya ubumwe bw'igihugu cya Lativiya, yakoreshejwe nk'ibendera ry'igihugu.

Lativiya ifite abaturage 2,281.300 (Ukuboza 2006). Abanyaletoniya bangana na 58.5%, Abarusiya 29%, Biyelorusiya 3,9%, Abanya-Ukraine 2.6%, Abanyapolonye 2.5%, n'Abanyalituwaniya 1.4%. Byongeye kandi, hari amoko nk'Abayahudi, Abasaveri, na Esitoniya. Ururimi rwemewe ni Ikilatini, kandi Ikirusiya gikunze gukoreshwa. Ahanini bizera Gatolika y'Abaroma, Abaporotestanti b'Abaporotestanti na orotodogisi y'iburasirazuba. < Ku mwanya wa mbere, ubuhinzi buza ku mwanya wa kabiri. Usibye umutungo w’amashyamba (hegitari miliyoni 2.9), hari n’ibikoresho bike byubwubatsi nka peat, hekeste, gypsum, na dolomite. Inzego nyamukuru zinganda zirimo gutunganya ibiribwa, imyenda, gutunganya ibiti, imiti, gukora imashini, no gusana ubwato. Ubuhinzi burimo gutera, uburobyi, ubworozi nizindi nganda, kandi ubuhinzi nubworozi byateye imbere cyane. Ubutaka buhingwa bugizwe na 39% yubuso bwose, bugera kuri hegitari miliyoni 2.5. Ibihingwa ahanini byatewe ibinyampeke, flax, beterave yisukari, sayiri, ingano, nibirayi. Kimwe cya kabiri cyubutaka buhingwa bukoreshwa muguhinga ibihingwa. Ubworozi bwiganje mu buhinzi, cyane cyane korora inka n’ingurube. Ubuvumvu buramenyerewe cyane. Ubuhinzi bukubiyemo inganda nko gutera, amafi, n'ubworozi. 30% by'abatuye igihugu baba mu cyaro, muri bo abaturage b'ubuhinzi bangana na 15% by'abaturage bose b'igihugu.

Riga: Riga, umurwa mukuru wa Lativiya, niwo mujyi munini wa hub n’ikiruhuko cy’impeshyi mu karere ka nyanja ya Baltique, ndetse n’icyambu kizwi cyane ku isi. Mu bihe bya kera, umugezi wa Riga wanyuze hano, umujyi ubona izina. Riga iherereye hagati mu bihugu bya Baltique, ihana imbibi n'ikigobe cya Riga.Umujyi ufite inkombe zombi z'umugezi wa Daugava kandi uri mu birometero 15 mu majyaruguru y'inyanja ya Baltique. Ahantu hegereye Riga ni ingenzi cyane. Iherereye mu masangano y’uburayi bw’iburengerazuba n’iburasirazuba, Uburusiya na Scandinaviya. Icyambu cyacyo gifite akamaro gakomeye kandi kizwi nk "umutima utera inyanja ya Baltique." Kubera ko Riga ihana imbibi n'umugezi n'ikiyaga, izwi kandi nk'inzuzi eshatu n'ikiyaga kimwe.Imigezi itatu yerekeza ku ruzi rwa Daugava, uruzi rwa Lieruba, n'umuyoboro w'umujyi, ikindi kiyaga kivuga ku kiyaga cya Gish. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 307. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe muri Mutarama ni -4.9 ℃, n'ubushyuhe bwo muri Nyakanga ni 16.9 ℃. Abaturage barenga 740.000, bangana na kimwe cya gatatu cyabaturage bigihugu.

Umwanditsi w’umwongereza Graham Green, wasuye Riga mu myaka ya za 1930, yanditse interuro "Riga, Paris mu majyaruguru". Ku mpande zombi z'umuhanda, hari kafe na resitora zigezweho, kandi ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi n'imyidagaduro byo muri uyu mujyi biratera imbere. Ikibuga cya Radisson Slavyanska giherereye ku mugezi wa Daugava kandi gifite ibikoresho by’inama byuzuye mu gihugu, bireba umujyi ushaje. Ibiryo muri Riga bisa n’ibindi bihugu byo mu majyaruguru ya Nordique, bifite amavuta kandi bikungahaye, ariko kandi bifite umwihariko wabyo nk'isupu ya sayiri ya cream hamwe n'isupu y'amafi y'amata, pies hamwe na bacon n'ibitunguru, hamwe n'udutsima twijimye. Abenegihugu bakunda kunywa byeri.

Inganda zirimo kubaka ubwato, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, imashini, ibinyabiziga, ikirahure, imyenda, ibicuruzwa byabaguzi ninganda zitunganya ibiribwa. Umujyi ufite ubwikorezi bworoshye, hamwe nikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga, icyambu, imizigo, abagenzi, hamwe n’itumanaho ryagutse mu mpande zose. Mu gihe cy’Abasoviyeti, Riga yari icyambu gikomeye cyinjiza toni zirenga miliyoni 8.