Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda ezingama-26 namadolobha asezingeni ezi-7, namadolobha angama-70 nemizana engama-490. Amadolobha amakhulu amakhulu yi: Riga, Daugavapils, Liepaja, Jargava, Jurmala, Ventspils, Rezekne.

Ngo-9000 BC, imisebenzi yokuqala yabantu yenzeka eLatvia, eyomncintiswano we-Europa. Umphakathi wesigaba savela ngekhulu lesi-5. Iduchy yokuqala yamakhosi yasungulwa ngekhulu le-10 kuya kwele-13. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-12 kuya ku-1562, yahlaselwa yiziMpi Zenkolo zaseJalimane futhi kamuva zaba ngaphansi kombuso waseDelivonia. Kusukela ngo-1583 kuya ku-1710, kwahlukaniswa iSweden nePoland-Lithuania. Isizwe saseLatvia sakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Kusuka ngo-1710 kuya ku-1795, kwakuhlalwa yiTsarist Russia. Kusukela ngo-1795 kuya ku-1918, izingxenye ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga yeLatin America zahlukaniswa yiRussia neJalimane ngokulandelana. Ukuzimela kwamenyezelwa ngoNovemba 18, 1918. Ukusungulwa kweBourgeois Democratic Republic kwamenyezelwa ngoFebhuwari 16, 1922. NgoJuni 1940, ibutho laseSoviet lalimisa eLat futhi lisuselwa kumthetho olandelwayo oyimfihlo waseMolotov-Ribbentrop futhi lamisa amandla eSoviet.NgoJulayi 21 ngawo lowo nyaka, kwasungulwa iLatvia Soviet Socialist Republic, futhi yafakwa eSoviet Union ngo-Agasti 5. . Ehlobo lika-1941, uHitler wahlasela iSoviet Union wadla iLatvia. Kusukela ngo-1944 kuya kuMeyi 1945, iSoviet Red Army yakhulula yonke indawo yaseLatvia neLatvia yabuyiselwa eSoviet Union. NgoFebhuwari 15, 1990, iLatvia yadlulisa isimemezelo sokubuyiselwa kwenkululeko yezwe, kwathi ngoFebhuwari 27, yabuyisela ifulegi layo langaphambili, uphawu lwesizwe nehubo lesizwe. NgoMeyi 4, iSupreme Soviet yaseLatvia yamukela ngokusemthethweni "iSimemezelo Sokuzimela" futhi yaguqula igama layo yaba yiRiphabhulikhi yaseTvia. Ngo-Agasti 22, 1991, iSupreme Soviet yaseLatvia yamemezela ukuthi iRepublic of Latvia ibuyise inkululeko yayo. NgoSepthemba 6 ngawo lowo nyaka, uMkhandlu Wombuso WaseSoviet wakwamukela ukuzimela kwawo, kwathi ngoSepthemba 17, iLatvia yajoyina iZizwe Ezihlangene.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Ngunxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obucishe bube ngu-2: 1. Kusuka phezulu kuye ezansi, yakhiwe ngemigoqo emithathu eqondile evundlile, emhlophe nokubomvu. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13, abantu baseLatga ababehlala eLatvia babesebenzisa amafulegi abomvu, amhlophe nabomvu. Leli fulegi likazwelonke labhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1918, futhi imibala nobukhulu befulegi likazwelonke kwanqunywa ngo-1922. ILatvia yaba yiriphabhuliki yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union ngo-1940. Ifulege lesizwe ngaleso sikhathi laliyiphethini lamanzi amhlophe naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engxenyeni engezansi yefulegi langaphambili leSoviet Union. ILatvia yamemezela inkululeko ngo-1990, kwathi amafulegi abomvu, amhlophe nabomvu, afanekisela ubunye bezwe laseLatvia, asetshenziswa njengefulegi lesizwe.

ILatvia inabantu abangu-2,281,300 (Disemba 2006). AbaseLatvia babalelwa ku-58.5%, amaRussia angama-29%, abaseBelarusian 3.9%, abase-Ukraine 2.6%, abasePoland 2.5% nabaseLithuania ngo-1.4%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlanga ezifana namaJuda, amaGypsy, nama-Estonia. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiLatvia, futhi isiRussia sisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko bakholelwa kubuRoma Katolika, amaLuthela amaProthestani kanye ne-Eastern Orthodox.

ILatvia inesisekelo esihle kwezomnotho. Isuselwe embonini nakwezolimo nasekufuyweni kwezilwane. Izwe elithuthukile kwezomnotho ogudle uLwandle iBaltic. Lingelesinye sezifunda ezithuthukile futhi ezichumile ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Phakathi kwamazwe amathathu aseBaltic, imboni yawo Ikleliswe kuqala, ezolimo zibekwe endaweni yesibili. Ngaphezu kwezinsiza zehlathi (amahektha ayizigidi ezingama-2.9), kukhona nenani elincane lezinto zokwakha ezifana ne-peat, i-limestone, i-gypsum, ne-dolomite. Imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni ifaka phakathi ukucutshungulwa kokudla, izindwangu, ukucutshungulwa kwezinkuni, amakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini nokulungiswa kwemikhumbi. Ezolimo zihlanganisa ukutshala, ukudoba, ukufuya nezinye izimboni, kanti ezolimo nokufuya kuthuthukiswe kakhulu. Umhlaba olinyiwe u-39% wendawo yonke, ufinyelela kumahektha ayizigidi ezingama-2,5. Izitshalo ikakhulu zitshalwa okusanhlamvu, ifilakisi, isithombo sebhitrudi, ibhali, irye namazambane. Ingxenye yomhlaba olimekayo isetshenziselwa ukutshala izilimo zefolishi. Ukufuya izilwane kuholele kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ukukhulisa izinkomo zobisi nezingulube. Ukufuywa kwezinyosi kuvame kakhulu. Ezolimo zifaka izimboni ezifana nokutshala, inhlanzi nokufuya. Abantu abangama-30% bezwe bahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, lapho inani labantu bezolimo libala u-15% wabantu bonke bezwe. I-Riga: IRiga, inhlokodolobha yaseLatvia, iyidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke kanye neholide ehlobo esifundeni saseBaltic, kanye nechweba elidume umhlaba wonke. Ezikhathini zasendulo, umfula iRiga wawudlula lapha, futhi idolobha laqanjwa igama lalo. IRiga itholakala maphakathi neBaltic States, emngceleni weGulf of Riga, indawo yasemadolobheni inqamula osebeni loMfula iDaugava, namakhilomitha ayi-15 enyakatho yoLwandle iBaltic. Indawo eyiRiga ibaluleke kakhulu. Itholakala empambanweni yomgwaqo entshonalanga nasempumalanga yeYurophu, eRussia naseScandinavia. Itheku lalo linokubaluleka okubalulekile futhi laziwa ngokuthi "inhliziyo eshayayo yoLwandle iBaltic." Ngenxa yokuthi iRiga inqamula emfuleni nechibi, yaziwa nangokuthi imifula emithathu nelinye ichibi.Imifula emithathu ibhekisa emfuleni iDaugava, umfula iLieruba, nomsele wedolobha, kanti elinye ichibi lisho iLake Gish. Ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-307. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJanuwari ngu -4.9 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJulayi ngu-16.9 ℃. Inani labantu liphezu kwe-740,000, okubalwa kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu bakazwelonke.

Umbhali waseBrithani uGraham Green, owavakashela eRiga ngawo-1930, wabhala inkulumo ethi "Riga, Paris in the North". Ezinhlangothini zombili zomgwaqo, kunezindawo zokudlela ezinhle nezindawo zokudlela zesimanje, futhi ezokuhweba nezokuzijabulisa zedolobha ziyachuma. IRadisson Slavyanska Pavilion itholakala eMfuleni iDaugava futhi inezindawo zengqungquthela eziphelele kunazo zonke ezweni, ezibheke edolobheni elidala. Ukudla eRiga kuyafana namanye amazwe aseNordic, okunamafutha futhi acebile, kepha futhi kunakho okukhethekile okufana nesobho likakhilimu olunosawoti kanye nesobho lenhlanzi yobisi, ophaya nobhekeni no-anyanisi, kanye nepudding yesinkwa esinsundu. Abantu bendawo bayathanda ukuphuza ubhiya.

Imboni ifaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, izinto zikagesi, imishini, izimoto, ingilazi, izindwangu, izimpahla zabathengi kanye nezimboni ezisebenza ngokudla. Idolobha linezinto zokuhamba ezilula, ngesikhumulo sezindiza samazwe omhlaba, itheku lezimpahla, itheku labagibeli, nezindawo zokuxhumana ezinabela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ngesikhathi seSoviet, iRiga yayiyichweba elibalulekile elinamathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-8.