Ilizwe lahlulwe lazizithili ezingama-26 kunye nezixeko ezisi-7 zenqanaba lesithili, kunye needolophu ezingama-70 kunye neelali ezingama-490. Ezona zixeko ziphambili zezi: Riga, Daugavapils, Liepaja, Jargava, Jurmala, Ventspils, Rezekne.

Kwi-9000 BC, imisebenzi yokuqala yabantu yenzeka eLatvia, engowomdyarho we-Europa. Iklasi yoluntu yavela ngenkulungwane yesi-5. Iduchy yasekuqaleni yamiselwa ngekhulu le-10 ukuya kwele-13. Ukusukela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-12 ukuya kowe-1562, yahlaselwa ziMfazwe Zomnqamlezo zaseJamani yaza kamva yaba phantsi kolawulo lukaDelivonia. Ukususela ngo-1583 ukuya ku-1710, yahlulwa yiSweden nePoland-Lithuania. Isizwe saseLatvia senziwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17. Ukususela ngo-1710 ukuya ku-1795, yayihlala yiRashiya yaseRashiya. Ukususela ngo-1795 ukuya ku-1918, iindawo ezisempuma nasentshona zeLatin America zahlulwa yiRussia neJamani ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukuzimela kwabhengezwa ngo-Novemba 18, 1918. Ukusekwa kweBourgeois Democratic Republic kwabhengezwa nge-16 kaFebruwari 1922. NgoJuni 1940, umkhosi waseSoviet wangena eLatvia ngokusekwe kwimigaqo eyongezelelweyo ye-Molotov-Ribbentrop kwaye wadala amandla eSoviet. . Ngehlobo lowe-1941, uHitler wahlasela iSoviet Union wangena eLatvia. Ukususela ngo-1944 ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi 1945, uMkhosi oBomvu waseSoviet wawukhulula wonke ummandla waseLatvia nowaseLatvia. NgoFebruwari 15, 1990, iLatvia yapasisa isibhengezo sokubuyisela inkululeko yelizwe, yaza ngoFebruwari 27, yabuyisela iflegi yayo yangaphambili, umfuziselo wesizwe nomhobe wesizwe. Ngomhla we-4 kaMeyi, iSoviet Supreme yaseLatvia yamkela ngokusesikweni "iSibhengezo senkululeko" yaza yalitshintsha igama laba yiRiphabhlikhi yaseTvia. Ngo-Agasti 22, 1991, iSoviet Ephakamileyo yaseLatvia yabhengeza ukuba iRiphabliki yaseLatvia iyibuyisile inkululeko yayo. NgoSeptemba 6 kwakuloo nyaka, iBhunga likaRhulumente waseSoviet lavuma ukuba lizimele, laza ngoSeptemba 17, iLatvia yajoyina iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo.

Iflegi yesizwe: Ngxande oxwesileyo enomlinganiso wobude kububanzi obumalunga ne-2: 1. Ukusuka phezulu kuye ezantsi, inemigca emithathu ethe tye ethe tye ebomvu, emhlophe kunye nobomvu. Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-13, abantu baseLatga ababehlala eLatvia babesebenzisa iiflegi ezibomvu, ezimhlophe nezibomvu. Iflegi yesizwe yayisemthethweni ngokusemthethweni ngo-1918, kwaye imibala kunye nobukhulu beflegi yesizwe bamiselwa ngo-1922. ILatvia yaba yiriphabliki yelizwe elalisakuba yiSoviet Union.Iflegi yelizwe ngelo xesha yayiyimifuziselo yamanzi amhlophe naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emazantsi eflegi eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union. ILatvia yabhengeza inkululeko ngo-1990, kwaza kwasetyenziswa iiflegi ezibomvu, ezimhlophe, nezibomvu, ezibonisa ubunye belizwe laseLatvia.

ILatvia inabemi abangama-2,281,300 (ngoDisemba ka-2006). Abantu baseLatvia babalelwa kuma-58.5%, amaRashiya angama-29%, amaBelarusian 3.9%, amaUkraine ama-2.6%, amaPoland angama-2.5%, nabantu baseLithuania abayi-1.4%. Ukongeza, kukho amaqela obuhlanga anje ngamaJuda, amaGypsy, kunye namaEstonia. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni sisiLatvia, kwaye isiRashiya siqhele ukusetyenziswa. Ngokuyintloko bakholelwa kubuRoma Katolika, amaProtestanti amaLuthere kunye neOthodoki yaseMpuma. ILatvia inesiseko esihle kwezoqoqosho Isekwe kushishino nakwezolimo nakwimfuyo.Lilizwe eliqhuba kakuhle kwezoqoqosho ngakunxweme loLwandle lweBaltic.Ngomnye wemimandla ephucukileyo nenempumelelo kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union.Mazwe amathathu eBaltic, imboni Inqanaba lokuqala, ezolimo zibekwe kwindawo yesibini. Ukongeza kwimithombo yehlathi (2.9 yezigidi zehektare), kukwakho nenani elincinci lezinto zokwakha ezinjenge-peat, ilitye lekalika, i-gypsum, kunye nedolomite. Amacandelo aphambili kwimizi-mveliso abandakanya ukulungisa ukutya, amalaphu, ukulungisa iinkuni, iikhemikhali, ukuvelisa oomatshini, kunye nokulungiswa kweenqanawa. Ezolimo zibandakanya ukutyala, ukuloba, imfuyo kunye namanye amashishini, kwaye ezolimo kunye nemfuyo ziphuhliswe kakhulu. Iakhawunti yomhlaba olinywayo we-39% yommandla uwonke, ufikelela kwii-2.5 yezigidi zehektare. Izityalo ikakhulu zityalwe iinkozo, iflakisi, isweets, irhasi, irye, kunye neetapile. Isiqingatha somhlaba olimekayo usetyenziselwa ukutyala izilimo zefula. Ukufuya izilwanyana kuxhaphakile kwezolimo, ngakumbi ukukhulisa iinkomo zobisi neehagu. Ukufuya iinyosi kuqheleke kakhulu. Ezolimo zibandakanya amashishini afana nokutyala, ukuloba kunye nokufuya. Ama-30% abemi beli ahlala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, apho abemi bezolimo benza i-15% yabemi beli lizwe. I-Riga: I-Riga, ikomkhulu laseLatvia, sesona sixeko sikhulu kunye neholide ehlotyeni kwingingqi yeBaltic, kunye nezibuko elidumileyo kwihlabathi. Kumaxesha amandulo, apha kwadlula Riga River, yaye igama lesixeko. I-Riga imi embindini weBaltic States, ekumda weGulf of Riga.Isixeko eso sinqamleze zombini iidonga zoMlambo iDaugava kwaye ziikhilomitha ezili-15 kumantla oLwandle lweBaltic. Indawo ekuyo iRiga ibaluleke kakhulu, ibekwe kwiziphambuka zentshona nasempuma Yurophu, eRashiya naseScandinavia. Izibuko layo linentsingiselo ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso kwaye laziwa njenge "ntliziyo ebethayo yoLwandle lweBaltic." Kuba iRiga ingumda womlambo kunye nechibi, ikwabizwa ngokuba yimilambo emithathu kunye nedike elinye.Imilambo emithathu ibhekisa kuMlambo iDaugava, uMlambo iLieruba, nomjelo wesixeko, kwaye elinye ichibi libhekisa kwiJishi Lake. Iquka indawo yeekhilomitha ezingama-307 zeekhilomitha. Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kuJanuwari ngu -4.9 ℃, kwaye iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJulayi ngu-16.9 ℃. Abemi bangaphezulu kwama-740,000, babala isinye kwisithathu sabemi belizwe.

Umbhali wase-Bhritane u-Graham Green, owayetyelele i-Riga pha kwi-1930s, wabhala eli binzana "Riga, Paris eMantla". Kumacala omabini endlela, kukho iivenkile zangoku zokutyela kunye neeresityu, kwaye ezorhwebo kunye nokuzonwabisa kwesixeko kuyanda. I-Radisson Slavyanska Pavilion imi kuMlambo iDaugava kwaye ineyona ndawo inenkomfa epheleleyo elizweni, ejonge isixeko esidala. Ukutya eRiga kuyafana namanye amazwe aseNordic, atyebile kwaye atyebile, kodwa ikwanazo nezinto ezikhethekileyo ezifana nesuphu yerhasi eqholiweyo kunye nesuphu yentlanzi yobisi, iipayi kunye nebhekoni kunye netswele, kunye nepudding yesonka emdaka. Abantu balapha bayathanda ukusela ibhiya. Umzi mveliso kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa, izixhobo zombane, oomatshini, izithuthi, iglasi, amalaphu, iimveliso zabathengi kunye nemizi-mveliso yokulungisa ukutya. Isixeko sinezothutho olufanelekileyo, nesikhululo seenqwelomoya samanye amazwe, izibuko lokuthwala imithwalo, izibuko labakhweli, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezandisa macala onke. Ngexesha leSoviet, iRiga yayilizibuko elibalulekileyo elinokuveliswa kweetoni ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-8.