Switzerland Bayani na Asali
| Lokaci na gida | Lokacinku |
|---|---|
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| Yankin lokaci na gari | Bambancin yankin lokaci |
| UTC/GMT +1 awa |
| latitude / longitude |
|---|
| 46°48'55"N / 8°13'28"E |
| iso tsara |
| CH / CHE |
| kudin |
| Franc (CHF) |
| Harshe |
| German (official) 64.9% French (official) 22.6% Italian (official) 8.3% Serbo-Croatian 2.5% Albanian 2.6% Portuguese 3.4% Spanish 2.2% English 4.6% Romansch (official) 0.5% other 5.1% |
| wutar lantarki |
 |
| tutar ƙasa |
|---|
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| babban birni |
| Berne |
| jerin bankuna |
| Switzerland jerin bankuna |
| yawan jama'a |
| 7,581,000 |
| yanki |
| 41,290 KM2 |
| GDP (USD) |
| 646,200,000,000 |
| waya |
| 4,382,000 |
| Wayar salula |
| 10,460,000 |
| Adadin masu masaukin yanar gizo |
| 5,301,000 |
| Adadin masu amfani da Intanet |
| 6,152,000 |
Switzerland gabatarwa
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Switzerland tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i 41,284. Kasa ce mara iyaka a tsakiyar Turai.Ta yi iyaka da Austria da Liechtenstein ta gabas, Italia daga kudu, Faransa ta yamma, da kuma Jamus a arewa. Hasasar tana da ƙasa mai tsayi, an raba ta zuwa yankuna uku na ƙasa: tsaunin Jura a arewa maso yamma, Alps a kudu da tudun ƙasar Switzerland a tsakiya Matsakaicin tsawan ya kai kimanin mita 1,350 kuma akwai tabkuna da yawa, jimlar su 1,484. Belongsasar ta kasance yankin arewacin mai yanayin yanayi, wanda sauyin yanayi na tekun da na nahiyar ke shafar shi, kuma yanayin yana canzawa sosai. Switzerland, cikakken sunan Tarayyar Switzerland, ya mamaye yanki mai girman murabba'in kilomita 41284. Isasar ƙasa ce da ba ta da iyaka wanda ke tsakiyar Turai, tare da Austria da Liechtenstein a gabas, Italiya a kudu, Faransa a yamma, da kuma Jamus a arewa. Yankin ƙasar yana da tsayi kuma mai tsayi, an raba shi zuwa yankuna uku na ƙasa: tsaunin Jura a arewa maso yamma, tsaunukan Alps a kudu da tsaunin Switzerland a tsakiya, tare da tsayin daka kimanin mita 1,350. Babban kogunan sune Rhine da Rhone. Akwai tabkuna da yawa, akwai 1484, babban Tafkin Geneva (Lake Geneva) yana da fadin kusan kilomita murabba'in 581. Belongsasar ta kasance yankin arewacin mai yanayin yanayi, wanda sauyin yanayi na tekun da na nahiyar ke shafar shi, kuma yanayin yana canzawa sosai. A cikin karni na 3 Miladiyya, Alemanni (mutanen Jamusawa) sun ƙaura zuwa gabas da arewacin Switzerland, su kuma Burgundians sun ƙaura zuwa yamma kuma sun kafa daular Burgundian ta farko. Masarautar Rome mai tsarki ke mulki a karni na 11. A 1648, ya kawar da mulkin Masarautar Rome mai tsarki, ya ayyana 'yanci ya kuma bi siyasa ta tsaka-tsaki. A 1798, Napoleon I ya mamaye Switzerland ya canza shi zuwa "Helvedic Republic". A cikin 1803, Switzerland ta sake dawo da edeungiyar. A shekarar 1815, taron na Vienna ya amince Switzerland ta kasance kasa mai tsaka-tsaki a dindindin.A cikin shekarar 1848, Switzerland ta kirkiro da sabon kundin tsarin mulki tare da kafa Majalisar Tarayya, wacce tun daga yanzu ta zama dunkulalliyar kasar tarayya. A yaƙe-yaƙe biyu na duniya, Switzerland ta kasance ba ta da tsaka-tsaki. Switzerland ta kasance ƙasa mai sa ido ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tun 1948. A zaben raba gardama da aka gudanar a watan Maris na 2002, kashi 54.6% na masu zaben Switzerland da 12 daga 23 canton Switzerland sun amince su shiga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A ranar 10 ga Satumbar, 2002, Babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya karo na 57 gabaɗaya ya amince da ƙudirin amincewa da Tarayyar Switzerland a matsayin sabon memba na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Tutar ƙasa: square ce. Tutar ja ce, tare da farin gicciye a tsakiya. Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban kan asalin tsarin tutar Switzerland, daga cikinsu akwai wakilai guda hudu. Zuwa shekarar 1848, Switzerland ta kirkiro da sabon kundin tsarin mulki na tarayya, a hukumance cewa takaddar ja da fari ita ce tutar Tarayyar Switzerland. Fari alama ce ta zaman lafiya, adalci da haske, kuma ja alama ce ta nasara, farin ciki da kwazon mutane; dukkan alamu na tutar ƙasa suna nuna haɗin kan ƙasar. An gyara wannan tutar kasar a cikin 1889, inda aka sauya asalin madaidaicin kusurwa ja da fari zuwa wani murabba'i, wanda ke alamta manufar diflomasiyyar kasar ta adalci da tsaka tsaki. Switzerland tana da yawan jama'a 7,507,300, wanda sama da 20% baƙi ne. Harsuna huɗu da suka haɗa da Jamusanci, Faransanci, Italiyanci da Latin Roman duk yare ne na hukuma.daga cikin mazaunan, kusan 63.7% suna magana da Jamusanci, 20.4% Faransanci, 6.5% Italiyanci, 0.5% Latin Roman, da 8.9% na sauran harsuna. Mazauna da suka yi imani da Katolika sun kai 41.8%, Furotesta 35.3%, sauran addinai 11.8%, kuma marasa imani sun kai 11.1%. Switzerland kasa ce da ta ci gaba sosai kuma ta zamani. A shekarar 2006, GDP din ta ya kai dala biliyan 386.835, tare da kimar kowane mutum dalar Amurka 51,441, wanda shi ne na biyu a duniya. Masana'antu shine tushen tattalin arzikin Switzerland, kuma yawan kayayyakin masana'antu ya kai kimanin kashi 50% na GDP. Babban sassan masana'antu a Switzerland sun haɗa da: agogo, injuna, sunadarai, abinci da sauran fannoni. Switzerland da aka sani da "Masarautar Watches da Clocks". Fiye da shekaru 400 tun lokacin da Geneva ta samar da agogo a cikin 1587, ta ci gaba da riƙe matsayinta na jagora a masana'antar agogon duniya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fitar da agogon Switzerland ya karu sosai. Masana'antar ƙera kayan masarufi galibi tana samar da kayan mashin da kayan samar da wutar lantarki. Kayan mashin, kayan aikin daidaito, mitoci, injunan jigilar kaya, injunan gona, injunan sinadarai, kayan abinci, da kayan buga takardu suma suna da matukar mahimmanci.A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, samar da madaba'o, komputa, kyamarori, da kyamarar fina-finai cikin sauri. Samfurori na masana'antun sarrafa kayan abinci galibi don bukatun gida ne, amma cuku, cakulan, kofi mai narkewa da abinci mai natsuwa suma sanannun ne a duniya. Masana'antar sunadarai ma muhimmin ginshiƙi ne na masana'antar Switzerland. A halin yanzu, kamfanonin hada magunguna sun kai kimanin 2/5 na darajar fitowar masana'antar ta sinadarai, kuma matsayin rini, magungunan kwari, balsams, da kayan kamshi a kasuwar duniya shima yana da matukar mahimmanci. outputimar fitowar aikin gona ta kai kimanin 4% na GDP na Switzerland, kuma aikin yi na aikin gona ya kai kimanin 6.6% na jimlar aikin ƙasar. Na dogon lokaci, gwamnatin Switzerland ta ba da matukar muhimmanci ga ci gaban noman kayan gona. Aiwatar da manufofin tallafi na aikin gona na dogon lokaci, kamar bayar da tallafi, samar da tallafi na musamman ga yankunan tsaunuka, da kuma bayar da tallafi na farashi ga manyan kayayyakin amfanin gona; takaitawa da rage shigo da kayan lambu da kayan marmari; samar da rance ga manoma ba tare da kudin ruwa ba; tallafawa masaniyar aikin gona da kebabbewa; karfafawa Binciken kimiyyar aikin gona da horon fasaha. Switzerland tana da ingantacciyar masana'antar yawon buɗe ido kuma ana tsammanin za a ci gaba da haɓaka. Switzerland ita ce cibiyar hada-hadar kudi a duniya, kuma masana'antun banki da inshora su ne manyan bangarori.Kamfanin yawon bude ido ya ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai dorewa mai karfi na tsawon lokaci, yana samar da kasuwa don ci gaban masana'antu masu alaka da yawon shakatawa. Bern: Bern na nufin "beyar" a Jamusanci. Ita ce babban birnin Switzerland da babban birnin Canton na Bern, wanda ke tsakiyar yamma da Switzerland. Kogin Aare ya raba gari zuwa gida biyu, Tsohuwar Birni a gabar yamma da Kogin New City a Gabashin Bangaren gadoji bakwai masu fadin Kogin Aare sun hada Tsoho da Sabon gari. Bern yana da sauyin yanayi mai ɗumi da danshi, yana dumi a lokacin sanyi kuma yana sanyi a lokacin rani. Bern sanannen birni ne wanda ke da tarihin shekaru 800. Matsayi ne na soja lokacin da aka kafa garin a cikin 1191. Ya zama gari kyauta a 1218. Ta sami 'yencin kai daga Jamus a 1339 kuma ta shiga Tarayyar Switzerland a matsayin yankin mai cin gashin kanta a 1353. Ya zama babban birnin Tarayyar Switzerland a cikin 1848. Tsohuwar garin Berne har yanzu tana riƙe da gine-ginenta na daɗaɗɗen zamani kuma UNESCO ta saka shi cikin "Jerin al'adun Duniya na Duniya". A cikin birni, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa iri daban-daban, hanyoyin tafiya tare da arcades, da hasumiyoyi masu ban sha'awa duk suna da ban sha'awa. Filin da yake gaban zauren gari shi ne filin da aka adana na da. Daga cikin abubuwan tarihi da yawa a Bern, hasumiyar kararrawa da babban coci ba na musamman ba ne. Bugu da kari, Bern ya gina Cocin Niederger a 1492, da kuma ginin gwamnatin tarayya irin ta Renaissance wacce aka gina daga 1852 zuwa 1857. An kafa sanannen Jami'ar Bern a 1834. Babban dakin karatu na kasa, da dakin karatu na birni da kuma dakin karatu na jami'ar Bern sun tattara adadi mai yawa na rubutattun takardu da litattafai ba safai ba. Bugu da kari, akwai gidajen tarihi na tarihi, yanayi, fasaha, da makamai a cikin garin. Haka nan hedkwatar kungiyoyin duniya kamar Universal Postal Union, Union Telecommunication Union, International Railway Union da International Copyright Union suma suna nan. Bern kuma ana kiransa da "babban birnin agogo". Baya ga samar da agogo, akwai kuma sarrafa cakulan, injina, kayan aiki, yadi, sinadarai da sauran masana'antu. Bugu da kari, a matsayin cibiyar rarraba kayayyakin amfanin gona na Switzerland da kuma tashar jigilar jiragen kasa, akwai layukan dogo da ke hada Zurich da Geneva. A lokacin rani, Filin jirgin sama na Belpmoos, kilomita 9.6 kudu maso gabashin Bern, yana da jirage akai-akai zuwa Zurich. Geneva: Geneva (Geneva) tana kan kyakkyawar tafkin Leman.Yana da iyaka da Faransa a bangarorin kudu, gabas da yamma.Yana zama filin daga ga masu tsara dabarun soja tun zamanin da. Daga taswira, Geneva ta fito daga yankin Switzerland.Wannan wuri mafi ƙanƙanci a tsakiya shine kilomita 4 kawai. Filin da ke wurare da yawa an raba shi da Faransa. Rabin Filin Jirgin Sama na Kvantland kuma na Faransa ne. Kogin Rhone mai natsuwa yana wucewa ta cikin birni A mahadar tabki da kogin, gadoji da yawa sun haɗa tsohon gari da sabon birni a bankunan arewa da kudu. Yawan mutanen 200,000 ne. Temperatureananan zafin jiki a cikin Janairu shine -1 ℃ kuma mafi yawan zafin jiki a watan Yuli shine 26 ℃. Faransanci ya zama ruwan dare a Geneva, kuma Ingilishi ma ya shahara sosai. Geneva birni ne na duniya, wasu mutane suna da'awar cewa "Geneva ba ta Switzerland ba ce." Babban dalili kuwa shine akwai kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da suka maida hankali kansu kamar hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva da kungiyar bada agaji ta Red Cross ta kasa da kasa; wannan wuri ne da masu yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya suke taruwa; domin cike gibin karancin ma'aikata, akwai mutane da yawa daga kasashen Mediterenian da suka zo aiki a nan. Wani dalili kuma shi ne, a tarihance, tun daga sauyin Calvin, Geneva ta zama mafaka ga wadanda ke adawa da tsohon tsarin. Rousseau an haife shi ne daga cikin Genevans waɗanda suke da juriya da sabbin dabaru. Voltaire, Byron, da Lenin suma sun zo Geneva don neman yanayin zaman lafiya. Ana iya cewa wannan birni na duniya an haife shi a cikin shekaru fiye da 500. Gine-gine masu sauƙi da kyau a cikin tsohon garin akan tsaunuka sun sha bamban da na zamani a cikin sabon garin, wanda ya bayyana a fili da ɗaukakar ci gaban wannan tsohuwar garin ta zama birni na zamani na duniya. Titunan da aka zana da duwatsu a cikin tsohon garin sun miƙe matse da karkata zuwa gaba, kamar ana miƙa hannu a hankali, don kai ka ƙarni na tatsuniyoyi. A cikin inuwar bishiyoyin kore, tsarin gine-ginen Turai mai sauƙi ne kuma mai daraja. An rataye kantunan gargajiya da alamun rawaya masu launin shuɗi da kore a bangarorin titin biyu.Ginin da aka gina akan Tafkin Leman shine sabon garin Geneva. Yankunan kasuwanci da wuraren zama a cikin gari suna da kyau kuma suna da fadi, tare da tsari mai kyau. A cikin wurin shakatawa ko'ina, tsoffin tsoffin bishiyoyi, masu nutsuwa da kyau. Ko kuna cikin tsohuwar birni ko sabon birni, ko a cikin kewayen gari ko wuraren yawon buɗe ido, an gabatar muku da kyakkyawan birni mai cike da furanni da kyawawan wurare. Geneva kuma cibiya ce ta al'adu da fasaha, tare da manya da ƙananan gidajen tarihi sama da goma da zauren baje koli. Mafi shaharar waɗannan shine Gidan Tarihi da Tarihi wanda yake a ƙarshen ƙarshen Old Town. Gidan kayan tarihin yana nuna kayan al'adu, makamai, kayan hannu, zane-zane na da, da hotunan mutane da yawa na tarihi, kamar masanin ɗan Adam Rousseau, shugaban kawo canji na addini na ƙarni na 16, da wakilin Renaissance Calvin. Abubuwan da aka samo daga archaeological a hawa na farko sun nuna ci gaban wayewa daga zamanin da zuwa zamani, kuma hawa na biyu ya mamaye zane-zane da sauran zane-zane da kayan ado masu kyau. Mafi darajar yanki shi ne zanen bagadin da Konrad Witz ya yi wa babban cocin Geneva a shekara ta 1444, mai taken "Mu'ujizar Kifi." Mafi shaharar gini a Geneva ita ce Palais des Nations, wacce ita ce hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva. Tana cikin filin shakatawa na Ariane a gefen dama na tafkin Geneva, yana da fadin murabba'in mita 326,000. Adon ginin yana nuna halaye na "Duniya duka" ko'ina. Wajan titin an yi shi ne da lemun tsami na Italiyanci, farar dutse na Kogin Rhone da tsaunukan Jura, ciki an yi shi da marmara daga Faransa, Italiya da Sweden, kuma kafet masu launin ruwan kasa masu launin kasa daga Philippines suke. Memberasashe mambobi sun ba da gudummawar kayan ado da kayan ɗamara iri daban-daban. Zane-zanen da shahararren ɗan zanen Sifen ɗin Pause Maria Sete ya bayyana wanda ya ci yaƙi kuma ya ba da sanarwar zaman lafiya su ne suka fi daukar hankali. Tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet ce ta ba da wannan abin tarihi don cin nasarar duniya don tunawa da nasarorin da ta samu a fannin fasahar sararin samaniya. Har ila yau, akwai zane-zanen da Dwinner-Sands ta kirkira don tunawa da shekarar yara ta duniya da itacen pine, cypress da sauran kyawawan bishiyoyi da mambobin kasashe suka bayar. Lausanne: Lausanne (Lausanne) tana kudu maso yammacin Switzerland, a gefen arewacin tafkin Geneva, da kuma kudu da tsaunukan Jura. An gina Lausanne a karni na 4 kuma ta zama babban birnin Vaud (Wat) a cikin 1803. Garin yana kewaye da tsaunuka da tabkuna, Kogin Furlong da Loof River sun ratsa ta cikin birane, sun raba garin zuwa gida uku. Garin yana da kyawawan wurare, kuma shahararrun marubutan Turai da yawa kamar Byron, Rousseau, Hugo da Dickens sun zauna a nan, don haka ana kiran Lausanne da "Birnin Al'adun Duniya". > , Seminar tauhidin tauhidin Furotesta, wanda aka kafa a 1537, daga baya ya zama cibiya don nazarin koyarwar malamin addinin Faransa mai gyara addinin Calvin, yanzu kuma ya zama Jami'ar Lausanne, babbar cibiya ta manyan makarantu. Bugu da kari, akwai Makarantar Hotel Lausanne, makarantar otal ta farko a duniya da aka kafa a 1893. A cikin unguwannin bayan gari, akwai tsofaffin kango kamar rumbunan makamai, hasumiyoyin agogo da gadoji masu dakatarwa a cikin Chiron Castle da aka gina a farkon karni na 14. Lausanne tana cikin yankin noma mai arziki, tare da bunkasa kasuwanci da kasuwanci, kuma masana'antar kera giya sananniya ce musamman. Hedkwatar Kwamitin Olympic na Duniya da Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Canji ta Turai suna nan. Hakanan ana gudanar da manyan tarurrukan ƙasa a nan. Bayan buɗe Ramin Simplon a cikin 1906, Lausanne ta zama dole ta wuce daga Paris, Faransa zuwa Milan, Italia, da Geneva zuwa Berne. A yau Lausanne ta zama muhimmiyar tashar jirgin ƙasa da tashar jirgin sama. |