Muzana ramakore rechitatu AD, maAlemanni (vanhu vechiGerman) vakatamira kumabvazuva nekuchamhembe kweSwitzerland, uye maBurgundi vakatamira kumadokero ndokutanga hushe hwekutanga hweBurgundi. Yaitongwa neHutsvene hweRoma Humambo muzana ramakore regumi nerimwe. Muna 1648, akabvisa hutongi hweHumambo Hutsvene hweRoma, akazivisa rusununguko uye akateedzera mutemo wekusarerekera. Muna 1798, Napoleon I akapinda muSwitzerland ndokuichinja kuita "Helvedic Republic". Muna 1803, Switzerland yakadzorera Confederation. Muna 1815, musangano weVienna wakasimbisa Switzerland senyika isingapindiri zvachose.Muna 1848, Switzerland yakaumba bumbiro idzva ndokusimbisa Federal Council, iyo yakabva yave nyika yakabatana. Muhondo dzenyika mbiri, Switzerland yakaramba isina kwayakarerekera. Switzerland yanga iri nyika inoongorora yeUnited Nations kubvira 1948. Mureferendamu yakaitwa munaKurume 2002, 54.6% yevavhoti veSwitzerland uye gumi nemaviri kubva kumakumi maviri nemaviri emakota eSwitzerland vakabvuma kubatana neUnited Nations. Musi waGunyana 10, 2002, 57th United Nations General Assembly yakabvumirana muchibvumirano chisungo chekubvuma zviri pamutemo Swiss Confederation senhengo nyowani yeUnited Nations.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakaenzana. Mureza mutsvuku, nemuchinjikwa muchena pakati. Pane maonero akasiyana pakatangira iyo Swiss mureza pateni, pakati payo pane mana anomiririra. Pakazosvika 1848, Switzerland yakanga yaumba bumbiro idzva remubatanidzwa, ichitaura zviri pamutemo kuti mureza mutsvuku nemuchena ndiyo mureza weSwiss Confederation. Ichena inofananidzira runyararo, kururamisira uye chiedza, uye tsvuku inoratidzira kukunda, mufaro uye kushingairira kwevanhu; iyo yese seti yemapatani emureza wenyika inomiririra kubatana kwenyika. Iyi mureza wenyika yakagadziridzwa muna 1889, ichichinja chepakutanga chitsvuku uye chena chemuchinjikwa chikwere kuita chikwere, ichifananidzira mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika wezvekururamisira uye kusarerekera.

Switzerland ine huwandu hwevanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi manomwe nemazana manomwe, mazana manomwe nemakumi matatu, ayo anopfuura makumi maviri muzana vatorwa. Mitauro mina inosanganisira chiGerman, French, Italian uye Latin Romance mitauro yese yepamutemo.Pakati pevagari, vangangoita 63.7% vanotaura chiGerman, 20.4% French, 6.5% Italian, 0.5% Latin Romance, uye 8.9% yemimwe mitauro. Vagari vanotenda muchiKaturike vane 41.8%, Protestantism 35.3%, zvimwe zvitendero 11.8%, uye vasiri vatendi vane 11.1%.

Switzerland inyika yakanyatsobudirira uye yazvino .. Muna 2006, GDP yayo yaive 386.835 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, iine mutengo wemunhu pamadhora makumi mashanu anomwe nemazana mana negumi nemana emadhora ekuAmerica, iri pachinhanho chepiri pasi rose.

Indasitiri ndiyo musimboti wehupfumi hwenyika yeSwitzerland, uye maindasitiri anoburitsa maakaunzi angangoita 50% yeGDP. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu muSwitzerland zvinosanganisira: mawachi, michina, kemesitiri, chikafu uye zvimwe zvikamu. Switzerland inozivikanwa se "Humambo hweWatch uye Clocks". Kwemakore anopfuura mazana mana kubvira Geneva yagadzira mawachi muna 1587, yakaramba iine chinzvimbo chayo chinotungamira muindasitiri yewatch yenyika. Mumakore achangopfuura, maSwitzerland anotumira kunze kwenyika akawedzera zvakanyanya. Iyo michini yekugadzira indasitiri inonyanya kugadzira machira michina uye magetsi ekugadzira michina. Mashini maturusi, machira ekujekesa, metres, michina yekufambisa, michina yekurima, michina yemakemikari, michina yechikafu, uye michina yekudhinda zvakare zvakakosha. Zvigadzirwa zveindasitiri yezvikafu ndezvezvido zvepamusha chete, asi chizi, chokoreti, kofi chiriporipo uye chikafu chakabikwa zvinozivikanwa pasi rose. Iyo indasitiri yemakemikari zvakare yakakosha mbiru yeSwitzerland indasitiri. Parizvino, mishonga yemakemikari inokwana kuita 2/5 yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemakemikari indasitiri, uye chinzvimbo chemadhayi, mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, bharisamu, uye zvinwiwa mumusika wepasi rose zvakakoshawo.

Zvekurima zvinoburitsa kukosha zvinosvika zvikamu zvina kubva muzana zveGDP yeSwitzerland, uye nhoroondo dzekurima dzekurima dzinosvika 6.6% yebasa rese renyika. Kwenguva yakareba, hurumende yeSwitzerland yakaisa kukosha kukuru mukusimudzirwa kwekugadzirwa kwekurima. Kuitwa kwenguva refu kwemitemo yemubatsiro yezvekurima, sekupa rubatsiro, kupa rubatsiro rwakakosha kunzvimbo dzine makomo, uye kupa rubatsiro rwemitengo yezvigadzirwa zvikuru zvekurima; kudzora uye kudzikisira kuunzwa kwemiriwo nemichero; kupa zvikwereti zvisina mubereko kuvarimi; kutsigira mashandiro ezvekurima uye hunyanzvi. Zvekurima zvekutsvaga kwesainzi uye technical technical.

Switzerland ine indasitiri yakasimukira uye inokosheswa. Switzerland inzvimbo yezvemari yepasirese, uye mabhizimusi uye mainishuwarenzi maindasitiri ndiwo makuru zvikamu.Iyo indasitiri yekushanya yakachengetedza kusimudzira kwenguva refu uye kwakasimba kusimudzira, ichipa musika wekuvandudza kwemaindasitiri ane chekuita nekushanya

Bern: Bern zvinoreva "bere" muchiGerman. Iri ndiro guta guru reSwitzerland uye guta guru reCanton yeBern, iri pakati nechepakati kumadokero kweSwitzerland. Rwizi rweAare runokamura guta kuita mahafu maviri, Guta rekare kuWest Bank uye Guta Nyowani kuEast Bank.Mabhiriji manomwe akafara kuyambuka Rwizi rweAare anobatanidza Guta Rekare neGuta Nyowani. Bern ine mamiriro ekunze akapfava uye ane hunyoro, anodziya muchando uye anotonhorera muzhizha.

Bern iguta rine mukurumbira rine makore mazana masere enhoroondo. Yaive nzvimbo yemasoja pakavambwa guta muna 1191. Yakava guta rakasununguka muna 1218. Yakawana rusununguko kubva kuGerman muna1339 uye ikabatana neSwitzerland Confederation sekanzoni yakazvimirira muna 1353. Yakava guta guru reSwitzerland Confederation muna 1848.

Guta rekare reBerne richiri nekuchengetedza zvivakwa zvepakati nepakati uye rakange rakabatanidzwa mu "World Cultural Heritage List" neUNESCO. Muguta, matsime emhando dzakasiyana, nzira dzekufamba dzine arcades, uye shongwe shongwe dzese dzinoona uye dzinonakidza. Iyo square iri pamberi peiyo horo yeguta ndiyo yakachengetedzwa-yakanaka medieval square. Pakati pezvivakwa zvakawanda muBern, iyo bell tower uye kereke huru yakasarudzika. Uye zvakare, Bern ane iyo Niederger Chechi yakavakwa muna 1492, uye iyo Renaissance yamambo-chimiro chehurumende chivakwa chehurumende chakavakwa muna 1852 kusvika 1857.

Iyo inozivikanwa University of Bern yakavambwa mu1834. Iyo Raibhurari Yenyika, Raibhurari yaMasipala uye Bern University Raibhurari yaunganidza huwandu hukuru hwemanyoro akakosha uye mabhuku asingawanzo. Uye zvakare, kune mamiziyamu enhoroondo, zvisikwa, hunyanzvi, uye zvombo muguta. Dzimbahwe remasangano epasi rose senge Universal Post Union, International Telecommunications Union, International Railway Union uye International Copyright Union aripano.

Bern inozivikanwawo se "capital of watches". Kunze kwekutarisa kugadzirwa, kune zvekare chokoreti kugadzira, michina, chiridzwa, machira, kemikari nemamwe maindasitiri. Uye zvakare, senzvimbo yekugovera yezvigadzirwa zvekurima zveSwitzerland uye nzvimbo yekufambisa njanji, kune njanji dzinobatanidza Zurich neGeneva. Muzhizha, Belpmoos Airport, makiromita 9.6 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBern, inogara ichienda nendege kuenda kuZurich.

Geneva: Geneva (Geneva) iri pagungwa rinoyevedza reLeman.Inopinganidza France kumaodzanyemba, mabvazuva nekumadokero mativi.Yanga iri nhandare yevarwi vezvechiuto kubvira kare. Kubva pamepu, Geneva inobuda mudunhu reSwitzerland.Nzvimbo yakatetepa iri pakati ingori makiromita mana.Nzvimbo iri munzvimbo zhinji inogoverwa neFrance.Hafu yeKvantland International Airport zvakare ndeyaFrance. Rwizi Rhone rwakanyarara runopfuura nemuguta, panosangana dziva nerwizi, mabhiriji akati wandei anobatanidza guta rekare neguta nyowani kumahombekombe ekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba. Huwandu hwevanhu hunosvika mazana maviri ezviuru. Icho kupisa kwakadzika kwazvo muna Ndira ndi -1 ℃ uye kupisa kwakanyanya muna Chikunguru ndi26 is. ChiFrench chakajairika kuGeneva, uye Chirungu zvakare inozivikanwa kwazvo.

Geneva iguta repasi rese. Vamwe vanhu vakaseka kuti "Geneva haisi yeSwitzerland." Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti kune masangano epasi rese akasimba senge United Nations dzimbahwe kuGeneva uye International Red Cross; ino inzvimbo inoungana vashanyi kubva pasirese pasirese; kuitira kutsiva kushomeka kwevashandi, kune vanhu vazhinji vanobva kunyika dzeMediterranean vanouya kuzoshanda pano. Chimwe chikonzero ndechekuti kubva kare, kubva kuCalvin Reformation, Geneva yakave nzvimbo yekutizira kune avo vanopokana nehurongwa hwekare. Rousseau akazvarwa pakati pevaGenevans vaishushikana zvikuru nemazano matsva.Voltaire, Byron, naLenin vakauyawo kuGeneva vachitsvaga runyararo. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iri guta renyika dzakawanda rakazvarwa mumakore anopfuura mazana mashanu.

Zvivakwa zviri nyore uye zvakaomarara mutaundi rekare pazvikomo zvakapesana zvakanyanya nezvivakwa zvemazuva ano mutaundi idzva, izvo zvinonyatsoratidza kukura kunokudzwa kweguta rekare iri medieval kupinda mune yazvino guta renyika dzese. Migwagwa yakavezwa nematombo muguta rekare yakatambanudzwa zvakamanikana uye zvakamonyoroka yakananga kumberi, sekunge ruoko rwakanyarara rwakatambanudzwa, kuti ikuendese kuzana rengano. Mumumvuri wemiti yakasvibirira, kuvhenekera kwekuvakwa kweEurope kuri nyore uye kwakatsiga. Zvitoro zvekare zvinoturikwa nezviratidzo zvechitenderedzwa zveyero uye zvakasvibira kumativi ese emugwagwa.Guta rakavakirwa paLake Leman ndiro guta idzva reGeneva. Nzvimbo dzekutengesa nedzimba dzekugara pakati peguta dzakashambidzika uye dzakakura, zvine mamiriro akanaka. Mupaki iri kwese kwese, yakareba miti yekare, yakanyarara uye yakanaka. Kunyangwe iwe uri muguta rekare kana guta nyowani, kungave mumasabhabha kana nzvimbo dzevashanyi, iwe unoratidzwa neguta rakanaka rakazara nemaruva nenzvimbo dzinoyevedza.

Geneva zvakare inzvimbo yetsika neunyanzvi, ine mamuseum anopfuura gumi nemazana makuru uye madiki ekuratidzira. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yeiyi Art uye Nhoroondo Museum iri kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweOld Town. Iyo miziyamu inoratidza zvisaririra zvetsika, zvombo, mabasa emaoko, mifananidzo yekare uye mifananidzo yevakakurumbira venhoroondo, vakadai sahunyanzvi hwevanhu Rousseau, wezana ramakore rechi 16 mutungamiri wezvechitendero, uye mumiriri weRenaissance Calvin. Zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo pauriri hwekutanga zvinoratidza kuvandudzwa kwebudiriro kubva kuzvakaitika kare kusvika kunguva dzazvino, uye pasi repiri rinotongwa nemifananidzo uye humwe hunyanzvi uye kushongedzwa. Chikamu chakakoshesesa ipendi yeatari yakaitwa naKonrad Witz yeGeneva Cathedral muna 1444, yakanzi "Chishamiso cheFishing."

Chivako chinozivikanwa kwazvo muGeneva iPalais des Nations, inova dzimbahwe reUnited Nations kuGeneva. Iyo iri muAriane Park iri kurudyi bhangi reLake Geneva, inovhara nharaunda ye326,000 mativi emamita. Iko kushongedza kwekuvaka kunoratidza hunhu hwe "Pasi Pose" kwese kupi. Kunze kwemugwagwa kwakagadzirwa nelimu reItari, iro limestone reRhone Rwizi uye maJura Mountains, iro remukati rakagadzirwa nemarble kubva kuFrance, Italy neSweden, uye machepe ered hemp ari pasi anobva kuPhilippines. Nhengo dzenyika dzakapa zvakasiyana siyana zvekushongedza nemidziyo.Pendi yakatsanangurwa nemunyori ane mukurumbira wechiSpanish Puse Maria Sete uyo akakunda hondo nekurumbidza runyararo ndiwo anokwezva zvikuru. Chikamu chemauto chakapihwa neUnited States mukurangarira Mutungamiri Woodrow Wilson Iyo Monument yekukunda iyo Yakasarudzika yakapihwa neyaimbova Soviet Union kuti irangarire kubudirira kwayo mumunda wehunyanzvi hwenzvimbo. Kune zvakare zvivezwa zvakagadzirwa naDwinner-Sands kurangarira International Year revana nepine, cypress uye mimwe miti yakanaka yakapihwa nenhengo dzenyika.

Lausanne: Lausanne (Lausanne) iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweSwitzerland, kumahombekombe ekuchamhembe kweLake Geneva, uye kumaodzanyemba kweJura Mountains. Lausanne yakavakwa muzana ramakore rechina uye ikava guta guru reVaud (Wat) muna 1803. Guta rakakomberedzwa nemakomo nemadhamu.Rwizi Furlong nerwizi rweRoof runopfuura nemuguta, richikamura guta kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Kunaka kweguta kwakanaka, uye vazhinji vakakurumbira vanyori vekuEurope vakaita saByron, Rousseau, Hugo naDickens vakagara pano, saka Lausanne inozivikanwawo se "International Cultural City".

Zvivakwa zvekare zvine mukurumbira muLausanne zvinosanganisira Gothic Catholic Cathedral, iyo yakavakwa muzana ramakore regumi nembiri uye inozivikanwa sechivakwa chakanakisa muSwitzerland, uye nhare yemuzinda weKaturike, iyo yakapedziswa muzana ramakore regumi nemana uye yakashandurwa kuita musamu , The Protestant Theological Seminary, yakavambwa muna 1537, yakazove muzinda wekudzidza dzidziso dzemuvandudzi wechitendero cheFrance Calvin, uye zvino yava Yunivhesiti yeLausanne, sangano rakazara redzidzo yepamusoro. Uye zvakare, kune iyo Lausanne Hotel Chikoro, yepasi rose hotera chikoro chakagadzwa mu1893. Mumasabhabha, mune matongo ekare akaita semadepoti ezvombo, shongwe dzewachi nemabhiriji ekumisa muChiron Castle yakavakwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi14.

Lausanne iri munzvimbo yakapfuma yekurima, iine hunyanzvi hwekutengeserana nekutengeserana, uye indasitiri yekugadzira winos inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Dzimbahwe reInternational Olimpiki Komiti uye iyo European Cancer Research Center iri pano. Mazhinji mamisangano epasi rese anoitirwawo pano. Mushure mekuvhurwa kweSimplon Tunnel muna 1906, Lausanne yakave yekupfuura kubva kuParis, France kuenda kuMilan, Italy, uye Geneva kuenda kuBerne. Nhasi Lausanne rave rakakosha njanji hub uye chiteshi chemhepo.