Switzerland, dzina lonse la Swiss Confederation, ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 41284. Ndi dziko lopanda malire lomwe lili pakati pa Europe, ndi Austria ndi Liechtenstein kum'mawa, Italy kumwera, France kumadzulo, ndi Germany kumpoto. Malo a dzikolo ndi okwera komanso otsetsereka.Amagawika m'magawo atatu achilengedwe: Mapiri a Jura kumpoto chakumadzulo, Alps kumwera ndi mapiri a Switzerland pakati, okwera pafupifupi 1,350 mita. Mitsinje yayikulu ndi Rhine ndi Rhone. Pali nyanja zambiri, pali 1484, Nyanja yayikulu kwambiri ya Geneva (Nyanja ya Geneva) ili ndi malo pafupifupi 581 ma kilomita. Dzikoli ndi dera lakumpoto kotentha, komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo yam'nyanja komanso nyengo zakontinenti, ndipo nyengo imasintha kwambiri.

Alemanni (anthu aku Germany) adasamukira kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Switzerland m'zaka za zana lachitatu, ndipo a Burgundi adasamukira kumadzulo ndipo adakhazikitsa mafumu oyamba achi Burgundi. Ankalamulidwa ndi Ufumu Woyera wa Roma m'zaka za zana la 11. Mu 1648, adachotsa ulamuliro wa Ufumu Woyera wa Roma, adalengeza ufulu wake ndikutsata mfundo zosalowerera ndale. Mu 1798, Napoleon Woyamba adalanda Switzerland ndikuisintha kukhala "Helvedic Republic". Mu 1803, Switzerland idabwezeretsa Confederation. Mu 1815, msonkhano wa ku Vienna udatsimikizira kuti Switzerland ndi dziko losaloŵerera m'zandale.Mu 1848, Switzerland idakhazikitsa malamulo atsopano ndikukhazikitsa Federal Council, yomwe tsopano idakhala boma logwirizana. Pankhondo ziŵiri zapadziko lonse, Switzerland sinatenge mbali. Switzerland yakhala dziko lowonera ku United Nations kuyambira 1948. Pa referendum yomwe idachitika mu Marichi 2002, 54.6% ya akuvota aku Switzerland ndi 12 mwa 23 cantons aku Switzerland adavomera kulowa nawo United Nations. Pa Seputembara 10, 2002, bungwe la 57 la United Nations General Assembly lidagwirizana mogwirizana kuti livomereze kuti Confederation ya Switzerland ndi membala watsopano wa United Nations.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi yaying'ono. Mbendera ndi yofiira, ndi pakati yoyera pakati. Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana pazomwe zimayambira mbendera yaku Switzerland, pomwe pali oyimira anayi. Pofika mu 1848, dziko la Switzerland lidakhazikitsa lamulo latsopano ladziko, lonena kuti mbendera yofiira ndi yoyera ndi mbendera ya Swiss Confederation. White ikuyimira mtendere, chilungamo ndi kuwala, ndipo zofiira zikuyimira kupambana, chisangalalo ndi chidwi cha anthu; mitundu yonse ya mbendera yadziko ikuyimira umodzi wadzikolo. Mbendera yadziko lino idasinthidwa mu 1889, ndikusintha makona oyambilira ofiira ndi oyera kukhala bwalo, kuyimira malingaliro azamalamulo mdziko muno azachilungamo komanso kusalowerera ndale.

Switzerland ili ndi anthu 7,507,300, pomwe oposa 20% ndi alendo. Ziyankhulo zinayi kuphatikiza Chijeremani, Chifalansa, Chitaliyana ndi Chilatini ndizo zilankhulo zonse pakati pa anthu okhala, pafupifupi 63.7% amalankhula Chijeremani, 20.4% French, 6.5% Italy, 0.5% Latin Romance, ndi 8.9% azilankhulo zina. Nzika zomwe zimakhulupirira Chikatolika zimakhala ndi 41.8%, Aprotestanti 35.3%, zipembedzo zina 11.8%, ndipo osakhulupirira ndi 11.1%.

Switzerland ndi dziko lotukuka kwambiri komanso lamakono.Mu 2006, GDP yake inali 386.835 biliyoni US dollars, pamtengo wokwana madola 51,441 aku US, ndikukhala wachiwiri padziko lapansi.

Makampani ndiye gawo lalikulu lazachuma ku Switzerland, ndipo mafakitale amatulutsa pafupifupi 50% ya GDP. Gawo lalikulu la mafakitale ku Switzerland ndi monga: mawotchi, makina, umagwirira, chakudya ndi magawo ena. Switzerland imadziwika kuti "Kingdom of Watches and Clocks". Kwa zaka zoposa 400 kuchokera pomwe Geneva adatulutsa mawotchi mu 1587, idakhalabe pamalo otsogola padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, maulonda aku Switzerland omwe akutumiza kunja awonjezeka kwambiri. Makampani opanga makina makamaka amapanga makina opanga nsalu ndi zida zopangira magetsi. Zida zamakina, zida zolondola, mamitala, makina oyendera, makina olima, makina azakudya, makina azakudya, ndi makina osindikizira ndizofunikanso kwambiri M'zaka zaposachedwa, makina osindikiza, makompyuta, makamera, ndi makamera amakanema ayenda bwino kwambiri. Zogulitsa zamakampani ndizofunikira makamaka pazosowa zapakhomo, koma tchizi, chokoleti, khofi wapompopompo komanso chakudya chokhazikika chimadziwikanso padziko lapansi. Makampani opanga mankhwala nawonso ndi mzati wofunikira pamakampani aku Switzerland. Pakadali pano, mankhwala omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 2/5 pamtengo wopangira mankhwala, komanso utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, basamu, ndi zonunkhira pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndizofunikanso kwambiri.

Mtengo wotulutsa zaulimi umakhala pafupifupi 4% ya GDP yaku Switzerland, ndipo ntchito zaulimi zimawerengera pafupifupi 6.6% ya ntchito zonse mdzikolo. Kwa nthawi yayitali, boma la Switzerland lakhala lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa ulimi. Kukhazikitsa kwa nthawi yayitali ndondomeko zantchito zaulimi, monga kupereka ndalama zothandizira, kupereka chithandizo chapadera kumadera akumapiri, komanso kupereka ndalama zothandizira mitengo yayikulu pazinthu zaulimi; kuletsa ndikuchepetsa kulowetsedwa kwa masamba ndi zipatso; kupereka ngongole zopanda chiwongola dzanja kwa alimi; kuthandizira ukadaulo waulimi ndi luso; kulimbitsa Kafukufuku wasayansi ya zaulimi ndi maphunziro aukadaulo.

Switzerland ili ndi bizinesi yotsogola yotukuka ndipo ikuyembekezeka kupitilizidwa. Switzerland ndi likulu la zachuma padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo makampani amabanki ndi ma inshuwaransi ndiwo magawo akulu kwambiri.Makampani opanga zokopa alendo asungabe chitukuko chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika, ndikupereka msika wachitukuko cha mafakitale okhudzana ndi zokopa alendo.

Bern: Bern amatanthauza "chimbalangondo" m'Chijeremani. Ndilo likulu la Switzerland ndi likulu la Canton of Bern, yomwe ili kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Switzerland. Mtsinje wa Aare umagawaniza mzindawo magawo awiri, mzinda wakale ku gombe lakumadzulo ndi mzinda watsopano ku banki yakum'mawa.Milatho isanu ndi iwiri yotambalala ya Aare yolumikiza mzinda wakale ndi mzinda watsopano. Bern ali ndi nyengo yofatsa komanso yamvula, yotentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira chilimwe.

Bern ndi mzinda wotchuka wokhala ndi zaka 800 za mbiriyakale. Anali malo ankhondo pomwe mzindawu udakhazikitsidwa ku 1191. Unakhala mzinda waulere mu 1218. Inapeza ufulu kuchokera ku Germany mu 1339 ndipo idalumikizana ndi Swiss Confederation ngati canton yodziyimira mu 1353. Unakhala likulu la Swiss Confederation mu 1848.

Mzinda wakale wa Berne udakalibe ndi zomangamanga zakale ndipo wakhala akuphatikizidwa mu "World Cultural Heritage List" ndi UNESCO. Mumzindawu, akasupe amitundumitundu, misewu yopita kumtunda yokhala ndi mipanda, ndi nsanja zazitali ndizowona komanso zosangalatsa. Malo oyandikira kutsogolo kwa holoyo ndi malo osungidwa bwino akale. Mwa zipilala zambiri ku Bern, bell tower ndi tchalitchi chachikulu ndizapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, Bern ali ndi Tchalitchi cha Niederger chomangidwa mu 1492, komanso nyumba yaboma yachifumu ya Renaissance yomangidwa mu 1852 mpaka 1857.

Yunivesite yotchuka ya Bern idakhazikitsidwa ku 1834. Laibulale ya National, Municipal Library ndi Bern University Library asonkhanitsa mipukutu yambiri yamtengo wapatali komanso mabuku osowa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuli malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zakale, zachilengedwe, zaluso, ndi zida mumzinda. Likulu la mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi monga Universal Post Union, International Telecommunication Union, International Railway Union ndi International Copyright Union aliponso pano.

Bern amadziwikanso kuti "likulu la ulonda". Kuphatikiza pakuwonerera, palinso kukonza kwa chokoleti, makina, zida, nsalu, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati malo ogawa zinthu zaulimi zaku Switzerland komanso malo oyendera njanji, pali njanji zolumikiza Zurich ndi Geneva. M'chilimwe, Belpmoos Airport, yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 9.6 kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Bern, imakhala ndi maulendo apandege opita ku Zurich.

Geneva: Geneva (Geneva) ili munyanja yokongola ya Leman. Imadutsa France kumwera kwake, kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwake. Pakhala malo omenyera asitikali ankhondo kuyambira nthawi zakale. Kuchokera pamapu, Geneva akutuluka kudera la Switzerland Malo ochepetsetsa kwambiri pakati ndi ma kilomita a 4. Malo m'malo ambiri amagawidwa ndi France. Theka la Kvantland International Airport nawonso ndi aku France. Mtsinje wa Rhone wodekha umadutsa mu mzindawu.Pamene nyanja ndi mtsinjewo zimalumikizana, milatho ingapo imagwirizanitsa mzinda wakale ndi mzinda watsopano kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa mabanki. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi 200,000. Kutentha kotsika kwambiri mu Januware ndi -1 ℃ ndipo kotentha kwambiri mu Julayi ndi 26 ℃. Chifalansa chimapezeka ku Geneva, ndipo Chingerezi chimatchuka kwambiri.

Geneva ndi mzinda wapadziko lonse lapansi, anthu ena nthabwala zawo amati "Geneva siili ku Switzerland." Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti pali mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi monga likulu la United Nations ku Geneva ndi International Red Cross; awa ndi malo omwe alendo ochokera padziko lonse lapansi amasonkhana; kuti athandizire kuchepa kwa ntchito, pali anthu ambiri ochokera kumayiko aku Mediterranean omwe amabwera kudzagwira ntchito pano. Chifukwa china ndichakuti, kuyambira nthawi ya Calvin Reformation, Geneva wakhala pothawirapo iwo omwe amatsutsa dongosolo lakale. Rousseau adabadwira ku Genevans omwe amalekerera kwambiri malingaliro atsopano.Voltaire, Byron, ndi Lenin nawonso adabwera ku Geneva kudzafuna malo amtendere. Titha kunena kuti mzinda wapadziko lonse lapansi udabadwa mzaka zoposa 500.

Nyumba zomangidwa mophweka komanso zokongola mtawuni yakale pamapiri ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nyumba zamakono zamtawuni yatsopano, zomwe zikuwonetseratu kukula kwaulemerero kwa tawuni yakale iyi kukhala mzinda wamakono wapadziko lonse lapansi. Misewu yokhotakhota yamiyala mumzinda wakale idatambalala pang'ono ndikukhotera kutsogolo, ngati dzanja lotambasula mwakachetechete, kuti ikupititseni ku nthano zaka zana. Mumthunzi wa mitengo yobiriwira, zomangamanga zaku Europe ndizosavuta komanso zaulemu. Malo ogulitsira zinthu zakale amakhala ndi zikwangwani zachikasu ndi zobiriwira mbali zonse ziwiri za mseu. Mzinda womangidwa pa Lake Leman ndi mzinda watsopano wa Geneva. Malo ogulitsa ndi okhala pakati pa mzindawo ndi aukhondo komanso otakasuka ndi mawonekedwe oyenera. M'paki paliponse, mitengo yayitali kwambiri, yabata komanso yokongola. Kaya muli mumzinda wakale kapena mumzinda watsopano, kaya m'dera loyandikana kapena la alendo, mumakupatsani mzinda wokongola wodzaza ndi maluwa komanso malo okongola.

Geneva ndi malo azikhalidwe komanso zaluso, okhala ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zopitilira khumi. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa izi ndi Art and History Museum yomwe ili kumapeto chakumwera kwa Old Town. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imawonetsa zinthu zakale, zida zankhondo, zojambula pamanja, zojambula zakale komanso zithunzi za anthu odziwika bwino, monga katswiri wamaphunziro aumunthu Rousseau, mtsogoleri wazachipembedzo wazaka za zana la 16, komanso woimira Renaissance Calvin. Zomwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza pa chipinda choyamba zikuwonetsa chitukuko cha mbiri yakale kuyambira nthawi zakale mpaka nthawi zamakono, ndipo chipinda chachiwiri chimayang'aniridwa ndi zojambulajambula ndi zaluso zina zokongoletsa. Chidutswa chamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi kujambula kwa guwa kwa Konrad Witz ku Geneva Cathedral mu 1444, lotchedwa "Chozizwitsa Chosodza."

Nyumba yotchuka kwambiri ku Geneva ndi Palais des Nations, yomwe ndi likulu la United Nations ku Geneva. Ili mu Ariane Park m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Geneva, yomwe ili ndi malo okwana 326,000 mita mita. Zokongoletsera zomangazi zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a "Padziko Lonse Lapansi" kulikonse. Kunja kwa msewu kumapangidwa ndi laimu waku Italiya, miyala yamiyala yamtsinje wa Rhone ndi mapiri a Jura, mkati mwake mumapangidwa ma marble ochokera ku France, Italy ndi Sweden, ndipo ma carpets a bulauni pansi ndi ochokera ku Philippines. Mayiko omwe ali membala apereka zokongoletsa zosiyanasiyana. Katundu wofotokozedwa ndi wojambula wotchuka waku Spain a Puse Maria Sete yemwe adagonjetsa nkhondo ndikuthokoza mtendere ndiwopatsa chidwi kwambiri. Zida zankhondo zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi United States pokumbukira Purezidenti Woodrow Wilson Chikumbutso Chogonjetsa Chilengedwe chinaperekedwa ndi omwe kale anali Soviet Union kuti akumbukire zomwe anachita pantchito yaukadaulo wamlengalenga. Palinso ziboliboli zopangidwa ndi Dwinner-Sands zokumbukira Chaka Chatsopano cha Ana, komanso paini, cypress ndi mitengo ina yabwino yoperekedwa ndi mayiko mamembala.

Lausanne: Lausanne ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Switzerland, kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Geneva, komanso kumwera kwa mapiri a Jura. Ndi malo otchuka okaona malo komanso malo azaumoyo. Lausanne idamangidwa mchaka cha 4th ndipo idakhala likulu la Vaud (Wat) ku 1803. Mzindawu wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri ndi nyanja.Mtsinje wa Furlong ndi Mtsinje wa Loof umadutsa mtawuniyi, ndikugawa mzindawo magawo atatu. Mzindawu uli ndi malo owoneka bwino, ndipo olemba ambiri odziwika ku Europe monga Byron, Rousseau, Hugo ndi Dickens amakhala kuno, motero Lausanne amadziwikanso kuti "International Cultural City".

Nyumba zakale zodziwika bwino ku Lausanne zikuphatikizapo Gothic Catholic Cathedral, yomwe idamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 12th ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi nyumba yokongola kwambiri ku Switzerland, ndi nsanja yachifumu ya Katolika, yomwe idamalizidwa m'zaka za zana la 14 ndipo pang'ono pang'ono idasandulika nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale , The Protestant Theological Seminary, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1537, pambuyo pake inakhala likulu lophunzirira ziphunzitso za womenyera ufulu wachipembedzo waku France Calvin, ndipo tsopano ndi University of Lausanne, sukulu yophunzitsa maphunziro apamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, pali Lausanne Hotel School, sukulu yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku 1893. Kumalo ozungulira mzindawu, kuli mabwinja akale monga malo osungira zida zankhondo, nsanja za wotchi ndi milatho yoyimitsa mu Chiron Castle yomwe idamangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 14.

Lausanne ili m'dera lolemera laulimi, pomwe pali malonda otukuka komanso malonda, ndipo makampani opanga mavitamini amadziwika kwambiri. Likulu la International Olympic Committee ndi European Cancer Research Center zili pano. Misonkhano yambiri yapadziko lonse imachitikanso kuno. Kutsegulidwa kwa Tunnel ya Simplon mu 1906, Lausanne adayenera kuchoka ku Paris, France kupita ku Milan, Italy, ndi Geneva kupita ku Berne. Lero Lausanne yakhala malo ofunikira njanji ndi malo okwerera ndege.