Tunisia, the full name of the Republic of Tunisia, is located at the northern tip of Africa and borders Algeria to the west. It borders Libya to the southeast, the Mediterranean to the north and east, and faces Italy across the Tunis Strait. The terrain is complex. It is mountainous in the north, lowlands and terraces in the central and western regions; coastal plains in the northeast and deserts in the south. The highest peak, Mount Sheanabi, is 1544 meters above sea level. The water system in the territory is underdeveloped. The largest river, Majerda, has a drainage area of ​​approximately 24,000 square kilometers. The northern part has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. The central part has a tropical grassland climate. The south has a tropical continental desert climate. August is the hottest month, with an average daily temperature of 21°C—33°C; January is the coldest month, with an average daily temperature of 6°C—14°C. The country is divided into 24 provinces with 254 counties and 240 municipalities.

At the beginning of the 9th century BC, the Phoenicians established the city of Carthage on the coast of the Gulf of Tunis, and later developed into a slavery power. In 146 BC, it became part of the province of Africa in the Roman Empire. It was successively occupied by the Vandals and Byzantines in the 5th to 6th centuries AD. Conquered by Arab Muslims in 703 AD, Arabization began. In the 13th century, the Hafs dynasty established a powerful Tunisian state. In 1574 it became a province of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. In 1881 it became a French protected territory. The 1955 Act was forced to agree to internal autonomy. France recognized Tunisia's independence on March 20, 1956.

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 3:2. The surface of the flag is red, with a white circle in the center. Its diameter is about half the width of the flag. There is a red crescent moon and a red five-pointed star in the circle. The history of the national flag can be traced back to the Ottoman Empire. The crescent moon and the five-pointed star are from the Ottoman Empire. They are now a symbol of the Republic of Tunisia and a symbol of Islamic countries.

The population is 9,910,872 (at the end of April 2004). Arabic is the national language and French is commonly used. Islam is the state religion, mainly Sunni; a few people believe in Catholicism and Judaism.

The economy of Tunisia is dominated by agriculture, but it is not self-sufficient in food. The industry is dominated by petroleum and phosphate mining, manufacturing and processing industries. Tourism is relatively developed and occupies an important position in the national economy. The main resources are phosphate, oil, natural gas, iron, aluminum, zinc, etc. Proved reserves: 2 billion tons of phosphate, 70 million tons of oil, 61.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas, 25 million tons of iron ore. The industrial and mining industries mainly include the chemical industry and petroleum extraction using phosphate as raw materials. The textile industry ranks first in the light industry, accounting for one-fifth of the entire industrial investment. The country has 9 million hectares of arable land and 5 million hectares of cultivated land, of which 7% is irrigated land. Tunisia is a major producer of olive oil, accounting for 4-9% of the world’s total olive oil production, and it is its main export agricultural product. Tourism occupies an important position in the national economy. Tunisia, Sousse, Monastir, Bengjiao and Djerba are famous tourist areas, especially the well-known ancient capital of Carthage, which attracts hundreds of people every year. Thousands of foreign tourists make tourism income the number one source of foreign exchange in Tunisia.

Tunis City: Tunis, the capital of Tunisia (Tunis) is located in the northeastern part of Tunisia, facing the Gulf of Tunis on the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. The suburbs cover an area of ​​1,500 square kilometers with a population of 2.08 million (2001). It is the national political, economic, cultural center and transportation hub.

In 1000 BC, the Phoenicians established the city of Carthage on the coast of Tunisia, and developed into a historically famous slavery Carthage Empire. When it flourished, Tunisia was Carthage A seaside village on the outskirts of the city. The city of Carthage was burned down by the Romans. In 698 AD, the Umayyad governor Nomara ordered the demolition of the remnant walls and buildings of Carthage. The city of Medina was built on the site of the present-day Tunisia, along with the construction of a port and a dock, and the residents moved here. At that time, it became the second largest city after Kairouan. During the powerful Hafs Dynasty (1230-1574), the capital of Tunis was officially established, and the construction of the Bardo Palace was built, the Zaguwan-Carthage Canal project was expanded, the water was introduced into the palace and residential areas, and the Arab market was renovated. , The establishment of the government district "Kasbah", and the corresponding development of culture and art. Tunisia became the cultural center of the Maghreb region. Occupied by French colonists in 1937, the Republic of Tunisia was established as the capital in 1957.

The urban area of ​​Tunisia is composed of the traditional old city Medina and the new European city. The old city of Medina still maintains the antique Arabian oriental color. Although the old city wall no longer exists, nearly ten city gates are still well preserved. Among them are Haimen, which connects the old and new cities, and Sukamen, which connects the old city with the suburbs. The "Kasbah" district is the seat of the Prime Minister's Office and the party headquarters of the ruling party. The new city, also known as the "low city", is located in a low-lying area leading to the sea in Medina. After 1881, construction began during the French colonial rule. The bustling and lively street in the city center is Bourguiba Avenue, lined with trees, book pavilions and flower stalls dotted with it; the east end of the street is the Republic Square, where there stands a bronze statue of President Bourguiba; the west end is the Independence Square, there are A bronze statue of Karl Dun, the famous ancient Tunisian historian. Not far to the east of the city center is the railway station and the seaport; to the north, there is the Belvedere Park, a scenic spot in the city. In the northeastern suburbs, there are the ruins of the famous historic site of Carthage, the town of Sidi Bou Said in the form of traditional national architecture, the Marsa beach and the port of Gulet to the sea. The magnificent Presidential Palace is located on the edge of the Mediterranean Sea, beside the ruins of Kathage City. 3 kilometers away from the western suburbs is the ancient palace of Bardo, which is now the seat of the National Assembly and the Bardo National Museum. The northwestern suburbs are the university town. The southern and southwestern suburbs are industrial areas. The famous ancient Roman aqueduct and aqueduct passed through the western suburbs agricultural area. Tunisia has beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, and close to Europe. It often becomes a center of international conferences. Since 1979, the headquarters of the Arab League has moved here.