I-Tunisia, igama eligcwele leRiphabhulikhi yaseTunisia, liseningizimu ye-Afrika futhi linqamula i-Algeria entshonalanga. Unqamula iLibya ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga, iMedithera enyakatho nasempumalanga, futhi ubheke e-Italy ngaphesheya kweTunis Strait. Indawo iyinkimbinkimbi. Kuyinto enezintaba enyakatho, izindawo eziphansi namathala ezindaweni ezisenkabeni nasentshonalanga; amathafa asogwini enyakatho-mpumalanga nezingwadule eziseningizimu. Isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke, iMount Sheanabi, singamamitha ayi-1544 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Uhlelo lwamanzi ensimini aluthuthuki kahle. Umfula omkhulu kunayo yonke, iMajerda, unendawo yokuhambisa amanzi engaba amakhilomitha-skwele angama-24,000. Ingxenye esenyakatho inesimo sezulu saseMedithera esishisayo. Ingxenye emaphakathi inesimo sezulu esishisayo sotshani. INingizimu inesimo sezulu esishisayo sasogwadule. Inyanga ka-Agasti iyinyanga eshisa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke elilinganiselwa ku-21 ° C — 33 ° C; UJanuwari inyanga ebanda kunazo zonke, izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke elilinganiselwa ku-6 ° C — 14 ° C. Izwe lihlukaniswe izifundazwe ezingama-24 ezinezifunda ezingama-254 kanye nomasipala abangama-240.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-9 BC, abaseFenike basungula idolobha laseCarthage ogwini lweGulf of Tunis, futhi kamuva lakhula laba amandla obugqila. Ngo-146 BC, yaba yingxenye yesifundazwe sase-Afrika eMbusweni WaseRoma. Kwakuhlalwa ngokulandelana ngamaVandals namaByzantine ngekhulu lesi-5 kuya kwelesi-6. Ukunqotshwa amaSulumane ama-Arabhu ngo-703 AD, ubu-Arabhu baqala. Ngekhulu le-13, ubukhosi bakwaHafs basungula umbuso onamandla waseTunisia. Ngo-1574 laba yisifundazwe soMbuso WaseTurkey Ottoman. Ngo-1881 yaba yindawo evikelwe yiFrance. Umthetho ka-1955 waphoqeleka ukuba uvumelane nokuzimela kwangaphakathi. IFrance yabona ukuzimela kweTunisia ngoMashi 20, 1956.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande elinesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obungu-3: 2. Ubuso befulegi bubomvu, kunesiyingi esimhlophe maphakathi, nobubanzi obucishe bube yingxenye yobubanzi befulegi, nenyanga ebomvu ebomvu kanye nenkanyezi ebomvu enamaphoyinti amahlanu embuthanweni. Umlando wefulegi lesizwe ungalandelwa emuva eMbusweni wase-Ottoman.Inyanga engucezu lwenkanyezi kanye nenkanyezi enamaphoyinti amahlanu kuvela eMbusweni wase-Ottoman futhi manje sekuwuphawu lweRiphabhulikhi yaseTunisia futhi luphawu lwamazwe amaSulumane.

Inani labantu liyi-9,910,872 (ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 2004). Isi-Arabhu ulimi olukhulunywa ezweni lonke kanti isiFulentshi sisetshenziswa kakhulu. I-Islam iyinkolo yombuso, ikakhulukazi amaSunni; abantu abambalwa bakholelwa kubuKhatholika kanye nobuJuda.

Umnotho waseTunisia ubuswa ezolimo, kepha awuzondli ngokudla. Le mboni iphethwe izimboni ze-petroleum ne-phosphate, izimboni zokukhiqiza nokucubungula. Ezokuvakasha zithuthukisiwe futhi zisesikhundleni esibalulekile emnothweni wezwe. Izinsizakusebenza eziyinhloko yi-phosphate, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, i-iron, i-aluminium, i-zinc, njll. Izinqolobane ezifakazelwe: amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili we-phosphate, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-70 kawoyela, ama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-61.5 wegesi yemvelo, amathani ayinsimbi ayizigidi ezingama-25.Izimboni zezimboni nezimayini ikakhulu zifaka imboni yamakhemikhali nemboni yokukhipha uphethiloli esebenzisa i-phosphate njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Imboni yezindwangu ibalwa kuqala embonini ekhanyayo, ebala ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zalo lonke utshalomali lwezimboni. Izwe linamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-9 omhlaba olimekayo namahektha ayizigidi ezinhlanu omhlaba olinyiwe, kuwo u-7% ungumhlaba oniselwa. I-Tunisia ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kawoyela womnqumo, ibala u-4-9% womkhiqizo womnqumo ophelele womhlaba, futhi ingumkhiqizo wayo omkhulu wezolimo othunyelwa emazweni angaphandle. Ezokuvakasha zisesikhundleni esibalulekile emnothweni wezwe.I-Tunisia, Sousse, Monastir, Bengjiao ne-Djerba yizindawo ezaziwayo zezivakashi, ikakhulukazi inhlokodolobha eyaziwayo yasendulo yaseCarthage, eheha amakhulu abantu minyaka yonke. Izinkulungwane zezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zenza imali yezokuvakasha ibe ngumthombo wokuqala wezimali zangaphandle eTunisia.

Idolobha laseTunis: ITunis, inhlokodolobha yaseTunisia (Tunis) itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeTunisia, ibheke eGulf of Tunis ogwini oluseningizimu yoLwandle iMedithera. Amadlelo ahlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,500 enabantu abangu-2.08 million (2001). Isikhungo sikazwelonke sezepolitiki, sezomnotho, samasiko kanye nesikhungo sezokuthutha.

Ngo-1000 BC, abaseFenike basungula idolobha laseCarthage ogwini lwaseTunisia, futhi bakha ubukhosi obudumile ngokomlando iCarthage Empire. Lapho ichuma, iTunisia yayiyiCarthage Idolobhana elingasolwandle emaphethelweni edolobha. Idolobha laseCarthage lashiswa ngamaRoma. Ngo-698 AD, umbusi wase-Umayyad uNomara wayala ukuthi kudilizwe izindonga nezakhiwo zaseCarthage.Idolobha laseMedina lakhiwa esakhiweni sanamuhla seTunisia, kanye nokwakhiwa kwetheku nedokodo, futhi abahlali bathuthela lapha. Ngaleso sikhathi, yaba idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu ngemuva kweKairouan. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi obunamandla be-Hafs (1230-1574), inhlokodolobha yaseTunis yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni, nokwakhiwa kweBardo Palace kwakhiwa, iphrojekthi ye-Zaguwan-Carthage Canal yandiswa, amanzi afakwa esigodlweni nasezindaweni zokuhlala, futhi imakethe yase-Arab yavuselelwa. , Ukusungulwa kwesifunda sikahulumeni "Kasbah", kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo kwamasiko nobuciko. I-Tunisia yaba yisikhungo samasiko esifundeni saseMaghreb. Iphethwe ngabakholoni baseFrance ngo-1937, iRiphabhlikhi yaseTunisia yasungulwa njengenhlokodolobha ngo-1957.

Indawo yasemadolobheni eTunisia yakhiwa idolobha lakudala lendabuko iMedina nedolobha elisha laseYurophu. Idolobha elidala laseMedina lisalugcina umbala wasendulo wase-Arabhu wasempumalanga. Yize udonga lwedolobha oludala lungasekho, cishe amasango ayishumi asalondolozwe kahle, kufaka phakathi iHaimen, exhumanisa amadolobha amadala namasha, neSukamen, exhumanisa idolobha elidala namaphethelo. Isifunda "iKasbah" yisihlalo seHhovisi likaNdunankulu kanye nekomkhulu leqembu leqembu elibusayo. Idolobha elisha, elaziwa nangokuthi "idolobha eliphansi", lisendaweni ephansi eholela olwandle eMedina. Ngemuva kuka-1881, ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamakoloni aseFrance. Umgwaqo ophithizelayo nophilile enkabeni yedolobha iBourguiba Avenue, ogcwele izihlahla, amadokodo ezincwadi kanye nezitebele zezimbali ezinamabala; empumalanga yomgwaqo yiRiphabhliki, lapho kumi isithombe sobhedu sikaMongameli uBourguiba; entshonalanga yi-Independence Square, kukhona Isifanekiso sethusi sikaKarl Dun, isazi-mlando esidumile saseTunisia. Bude buduze nempumalanga yedolobha kunesiteshi sesitimela netheku lolwandle; enyakatho kuneBelvedere Park, indawo ebabazekayo edolobheni. Emaphethelweni asenyakatho-mpumalanga, kunezindawo ezidumile zomlando eCarthage, idolobha laseSidi Bou Said ngendlela yokwakhiwa kwendabuko kazwelonke, ibhishi iMarsa kanye nechweba laseGulet, isango olwandle. Isigodlo sikaMongameli esihle kakhulu siseceleni koLwandle iMedithera, eceleni kwamanxiwa eKathage City. Amakhilomitha ama-3 ukusuka emaphethelweni asentshonalanga yisigodlo sasendulo saseBardo, manje esiyisihlalo sePhalamende Likazwelonke kanye neBardo National Museum. Amadlelo asenyakatho-ntshonalanga yiyunivesithi. Amadlelo aseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yizindawo zezimboni. Umsele wamanzi waseRoma wasendulo odumile nomsele owawudlula ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga zezolimo. I-Tunisia inobuhle obuhle, isimo sezulu esithandekayo, futhi iseduze ne-Europe.Ihlala iba isikhungo sezingqungquthela zamazwe omhlaba.Kusukela ngo-1979, indlunkulu ye-Arab League ithuthele lapha.