I-Tunisia, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yaseTunisia, ikwincam esemantla e-Afrika kwaye imida yeAlgeria ukuya entshona. Imida iLibya ukuya empuma-mpuma, iMeditera ukuya emantla nasempuma, kwaye ijongane ne-Italiya ngaphaya kweTunis Strait. Indawo inzima. Yintaba emantla, amathafa asezantsi kunye nemimandla esembindini nasentshona; amathafa aselunxwemeni kumantla mpuma kunye neentlango ezisemazantsi. Incopho ephezulu, iNtaba iSheanabi, ziimitha ezili-1544 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Inkqubo yamanzi kummandla ayiphuhlanga kakuhle. Owona mlambo mkhulu, iMajda, unendawo yokuhambisa amanzi emalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-24,000. Inxalenye esemantla inemozulu ekweleenjiko yeMeditera. Inxalenye esembindini inemozulu yengingqi yetropiki. Inxalenye esemazantsi inemozulu yasentlango yelizwekazi. NgeyeThupha yeyona nyanga ishushu, iqondo lobushushu lemihla ngemihla lingama-21 ° C -33 ° C; EyoMqungu yeyona nyanga ibanda kakhulu, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lemihla ngemihla libe yi-6 ° C -14 ° C. Ilizwe lahlulwe langamaphondo angama-24 anama-254 omasipala noomasipala abangama-240.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-9 BC, amaFenike amisela isixeko saseCarthage kunxweme lweGulf of Tunis, kwaye kamva aba ligunya lobukhoboka. Ngo-146 BC, yaba yinxalenye yephondo laseAfrika kuBukhosi baseRoma. Kwakuhlalwa ngokulandelelana yiVandals kunye neByzantine ngekhulu lesi-5 ukuya kwele-6 le-AD. Eyoyiswa ngamaSilamsi ama-Arabhu ngo-703 AD, ubu-Arabhu baqala. Ngenkulungwane ye-13 Hafs ubukhosi baseka ilizwe elinamandla Tunisian. Kwi-1574 yaba liphondo lobukhosi baseTurkey Ottoman. Yaba yindawo ekhuselweyo yaseFrance ngo-1881. Umthetho ka-1955 wanyanzelwa ukuba avumelane nokuzimela kwangaphakathi. IFransi yamkela inkululeko yaseTunisia ngo-Matshi 20, 1956.

Iflegi yesizwe: Yixande kunye nomyinge wobude kububanzi be-3: 2. Umphezulu weflegi ubomvu, unesangqa esimhlophe embindini, enobubanzi obumalunga nesiqingatha sobubanzi beflegi, kunye nenyanga ebomvu ebomvu kunye neenkwenkwezi ezibomvu ezibomvu ezintlanu kwisangqa. Imbali yeflegi yesizwe inokulandelwa emva kubukhosi base-Ottoman.Inyanga ye-crescent kunye neenkwenkwezi ezinamanqaku amahlanu zivela kubukhosi base-Ottoman.Ngoku zingumqondiso weRiphabhlikhi yaseTunisia kunye nomqondiso wamazwe amaSilamsi.

Abemi bayi-9,910,872 (ekupheleni kuka-Epreli 2004). IsiArabhu lulwimi lwesizwe kwaye isiFrentshi siqhele ukusetyenziswa. I-Islam yinkolo yelizwe, ubukhulu becala ngamaSunni; abantu abambalwa bakholelwa kubuKatolika nakubuYuda.

Uqoqosho lwaseTunisia lulawulwa kwezolimo, kodwa alonelanga kukutya. Icandelo lilawulwa yimigodi ye-petroleum kunye ne-phosphate, imveliso kunye nokulungiswa. Ezokhenketho ziphuhlisiwe kwaye zikwindawo ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Ezona zixhobo ziphambili yi-phosphate, i-oyile, irhasi yendalo, i-iron, i-aluminium, i-zinc, njl. Ugcino oluqinisekisiweyo: iitoni ezi-2 zezigidi ze-phosphate, i-70 yezigidi zeetoni ze-oyile, i-61.5 yeebhiliyoni zeekyubhi zegesi yendalo, iitoni zesinyithi ezizizigidi ezingama-25. Amashishini emizi-mveliso kunye neemigodi ikakhulu abandakanya imveliso yeekhemikhali kunye nokutsalwa kwepetroleum kusetyenziswa i-phosphate njengezinto ezingafunekiyo. Umzi mveliso wempahla eyolukiweyo ubekwa kwindawo yokuqala kwishishini elikhanyayo, elithatha isahlulo sesihlanu sotyalo mali lwamashishini luphela. Ilizwe lineehektare ezizigidi ezili-9 zomhlaba olimekayo kunye neehektare ezizigidi ezi-5 zomhlaba olinyiweyo, apho isi-7% ngumhlaba wenkcenkceshelo. I-Tunisia ngumvelisi omkhulu weoyile yomnquma, ebala i-4-9% yemveliso yeoyile yomnquma yehlabathi, kwaye yeyona mveliso yayo iphambili yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ezokhenketho zikwindawo ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe.I-Tunisia, i-Sousse, i-Monastir, i-Bengjiao ne-Djerba ziindawo ezaziwayo zabakhenkethi, ngakumbi idolophu eyaziwayo yamandulo yaseCarthage, etsala amakhulu abantu minyaka le. Amawaka abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe enza ingeniso yezokhenketho kwindawo yokuqala yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle eTunisia.

IsiXeko saseTunis: iTunis, ikomkhulu leTunisia (Tunis) imi kumantla mpuma eTunisia, ejongene neGulf of Tunis kunxweme olusemazantsi oLwandle lweMeditera. Iidolophana zigubungela indawo ye-1,500 yeekhilomitha ezinabemi abangama-2.08 ezigidi (2001). Liziko lezopolitiko, uqoqosho, iziko lenkcubeko kunye nehabhu yezothutho.

Kwi-1000 BC, amaFenike amisela isixeko saseCarthage kunxweme laseTunisia, kwaye aphuhla aba bubukhosi obudumileyo beCarthage Empire. Ilali elunxwemeni lwedolophu. Isixeko saseCarthage satshiswa ngamaRoma. Ngo-698 AD, umlawuli wase-Umayyad uNomara wayalela ukuba kudilizwe iindonga kunye nezakhiwo zaseCarthage.Isixeko saseMedina sakhiwa kwisiza seTunisia yanamhlanje, kunye nolwakhiwo lwezibuko kunye nedolophu, kwaye abahlali bafudukela apha. Ngelo xesha, yaba sisixeko sesibini ngobukhulu emva kweKairouan. Ngexesha lobukhosi obunamandla be-Hafs (1230-1574), ikomkhulu laseTunis lasekwa ngokusesikweni, kwaye kwakhiwa iBardo Palace, iphrojekthi yeZalwan-Carthage Canal yandiswa, amanzi angeniswa kwibhotwe nakwiindawo zokuhlala, kwaye imarike yama-Arab yahlaziywa. , Ukusekwa kwesithili sikarhulumente "uKasbah", kunye nophuhliso oluhambelana nenkcubeko kunye nezobugcisa. I-Tunisia yaba liziko lenkcubeko lommandla wase Maghreb. Ihlala i-colonists yase-France e-1937, iRiphabhlikhi yaseTunisia yasekwa njengekomkhulu ngo-1957.

Indawo yedolophu yaseTunisia yenziwe ngesixeko sakudala iMedina kunye nesixeko esitsha saseYurophu. Isixeko esidala saseMedina sisagcina umbala wakudala waseArabia. Nangona udonga lwedolophu endala lungasekho, phantse amasango alishumi asagcinwe kakuhle.Phakathi kwawo yiHaimen, edibanisa izixeko ezindala nezintsha, kunye neSukamen, edibanisa isixeko esidala kunye namadlelo. Isithili "iKasbah" sisihlalo se-Ofisi yeNkulumbuso kunye nekomkhulu leqela lombutho olawulayo. Isixeko esitsha, esikwabizwa ngokuba "sisixeko esisezantsi", sime kwindawo ephantsi ekhokelela kulwandle eMedina. Emva kowe-1881, ulwakhiwo lwaqala ngexesha lolawulo lobukoloniyali baseFrance. Isitrato esiphithizelayo nesidlamkileyo embindini wedolophu yiBourguiba Avenue, enemithi, iipali zeencwadi kunye nezithengiso zeentyatyambo ezinayo; empuma yesitalato yiRiphabhlikhi, apho kumi umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu kaMongameli Bourguiba; isiphelo esentshona yi-Independence Square, kukho Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu kaKarl Dun, umbhali-mbali owaziwayo wase-Tunisia. Kufuphi nasempuma kumbindi wesixeko isikhululo sikaloliwe kunye nezibuko lolwandle; emantla, kukho iBelvedere Park, indawo entle esixekweni. Kwimihlaba esemantla mpuma, kukho iindawo ezidumileyo zembali zaseCarthage, idolophu yaseSidi Bou Said ngohlobo lwezakhiwo zesizwe, ulwandle lwaseMarsa kunye nezibuko laseGulet, isango elwandle. Ibhotwe likaMongameli elihle libekwe emaphethelweni oLwandle lweMeditera, ecaleni kwamabhodlo esiXeko saseKathage. Iikhilomitha ezi-3 ukusuka kumadlelo asentshona yibhotwe lakudala laseBardo, ngoku elisisihlalo seNdlu yoWiso-mthetho kunye neMyuziyam yeSizwe yaseBardo. Iidolophu zasemantla ntshona ziyidolophu yaseyunivesithi. Amadlelo asemazantsi kunye nasentshona-ntshona ziindawo zemizi-mveliso. Umsele wamanzi wamandulo wamanzi waseRoma kunye nomsele wamanzi wawudlula kummandla osentshona wezolimo. I-Tunisia inobuhle obuhle, imozulu entle kwaye ikufutshane ne-Yurophu.Ihlala iba liziko leenkomfa zamanye amazwe.Kususela ngo-1979, ikomkhulu le-Arab League lafudukela apha.