Kameruni, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Kameruni, rifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 476.000. Iherereye muri Afurika yo hagati no mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi n'ikigobe cya Gineya mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, ekwateri mu majyepfo, no mu majyepfo y'ubutayu bwa Sahara mu majyaruguru. Irahana imbibi na Nijeriya mu majyaruguru, Gabon, Kongo (Brazzaville) na Gineya ya Ekwatoriya mu majyepfo, na Tchad na Afurika yo hagati mu burengerazuba. Muri iki gihugu hari amoko agera kuri 200 n'amadini 3 akomeye.Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. Yaoundé, umurwa mukuru wa politiki, ituwe n'abaturage miliyoni 1.1; Douala, umurwa mukuru w’ubukungu, nicyo cyambu kinini n’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 2.

Uturere twinshi mubutaka ni ibibaya, kandi ikibaya gifata 12% byigihugu gusa. Inkombe yo mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba ni ikibaya, kirekire kuva mu majyaruguru kugera mu majyepfo; mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ni ikibaya cyo hasi cya Kameruni gifite ibishanga binini n’ibishanga; ikibaya cya Benue cy’amajyaruguru-Tchad gifite uburebure buri hagati ya metero 300-500; ikibaya cyo hagati cya Adamawa n’ibanze mu kibaya cya Afurika yo hagati; Igice, uburebure buri hagati ya metero 1.000; imisozi y’ibirunga yo hagati n’iburengerazuba bwa Kameruni ni imibiri y’ibirunga byinshi, muri rusange ku butumburuke bwa metero 2000. Ikirunga cya Kameruni hafi y'inyanja gifite metero 4070 hejuru y’inyanja kandi ni cyo mpinga ndende mu gihugu no muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Umugezi wa Sana ni uruzi runini, usibye uruzi rwa Niang, uruzi rwa Logon, uruzi rwa Benue n'ibindi. Uturere two mu burengerazuba bw’inyanja n’amajyepfo dufite ikirere gisanzwe cy’amashyamba y’imvura, gishyuha kandi gifite ubushyuhe mu mwaka wose, kandi kigahinduka mu kirere gishyuha gishyuha mu majyaruguru. Imvura igwa buri mwaka muburengerazuba bwikirunga cya Kameruni ni milimetero 10,000, kikaba ari kamwe mu turere tw’imvura nyinshi ku isi. Kameruni ntabwo ari nziza kandi ikungahaye ku mutungo w'ubukerarugendo gusa, ahubwo ifite n'amoko menshi kandi ni ahantu heza h'abantu. Ihuza imiterere itandukanye, imiterere y'ikirere n'imico iranga umugabane wa Afurika, kandi izwi nka "mini-Afrika".

Inkombe yinyanja ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 360. Uturere two mu burengerazuba bw’inyanja n’amajyepfo dufite ikirere cy’amashyamba y’imvura, kandi igice cy’amajyaruguru gifite ikirere gishyuha. Impuzandengo yumwaka ni 24-28 8.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo intara 10 (Intara y'Amajyaruguru, Intara y'Amajyaruguru, Intara ya Adamawa, Intara y'Iburasirazuba, Intara yo hagati, Intara y'Amajyepfo, Intara y'Inyanja, Intara y'Iburengerazuba, Intara y'Amajyepfo, Intara y'Amajyaruguru), 58 Ibihugu, uturere 268, intara 54.

Kuva mu kinyejana cya 5 nyuma ya Yesu, ubwami bwimiryango hamwe nibihugu byunze ubumwe byimiryango byashizweho mubutaka. Abanya Portigale bateye mu 1472, maze mu kinyejana cya 16, Abadage, Abongereza, Abafaransa, Abadage n'abandi bakoloni bakurikirana. Mu 1884, Ubudage bwahatiye Umwami Douala ku nkombe y’iburengerazuba bwa Kameruni gushyira umukono ku "masezerano yo gukingira." Aka karere kahindutse "igihugu kirinda" Ubudage, maze mu 1902 kigarurira akarere kose ka Kameruni. Mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, ingabo z'Abongereza n'Abafaransa bigaruriye Kameruni ukwayo. Mu 1919, Kameruni yagabanyijwemo uturere tubiri, akarere k'iburasirazuba gatuwe n'Ubufaransa, naho uburengerazuba bwigaruriwe n'Ubwongereza. Mu 1922, Umuryango w’ibihugu washyikirije u Bwongereza na Kameruni y’iburasirazuba bwa Kameruni n’Uburengerazuba kubera "gutegeka manda." Mu 1946, Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyira Kasas y’iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba munsi y’Ubwongereza n’Ubufaransa. Ku ya 1 Mutarama 1960, Kameruni y'Uburasirazuba (Zone y'Abafaransa) yatangaje ko yigenga kandi igihugu cyiswe Repubulika ya Kameruni. Ahijo aba perezida. Muri Gashyantare 1961, amatora ya referendumu yabereye mu majyaruguru no mu majyepfo y’akarere ka Kameruni. Muri Gicurasi 1972, gahunda ya federasiyo yavanyweho maze hashyirwaho Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Kameruni. Mu 1984 yahinduwe muri Repubulika ya Kameruni. Ahiqiao yeguye mu Gushyingo 1982. Paul Biya yasimbuye kuba perezida. Muri Mutarama 1984, igihugu cyiswe Repubulika ya Kameruni. Yinjiye muri Commonwealth ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 1995.

Ibendera ryigihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cyuburebure n'ubugari bwa 3: 2. Uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo, igizwe na bitatu bisa kandi bingana bihagaritse urukiramende, icyatsi, umutuku, n'umuhondo, hamwe n'umuhondo utanu ufite inyenyeri eshanu hagati mu gice gitukura. Icyatsi kigereranya ibimera byo mu turere dushyuha two mu majyepfo y’amashyamba y’imvura, kandi bikagaragaza ibyiringiro by’abaturage by’ejo hazaza heza; umuhondo ugereranya ibyatsi byo mu majyaruguru n’umutungo w’amabuye y'agaciro, kandi ukanagaragaza ubwiza bw’izuba buzana abantu umunezero; umutuku ugereranya imbaraga z’ubumwe n’ubumwe. Inyenyeri eshanu zigereranya ubumwe bwigihugu.

Abaturage bose ba Kameruni ni miliyoni 16.32 (2005). Hariho amoko arenga 200 arimo Fulbe, Bamilek, Bantu ya Ekwatoriya, Pygmies, na Bantu y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu gihugu hari indimi zirenga 200 mu gihugu, nta na kimwe muri byo cyanditseho inyuguti. Igifaransa n'Icyongereza ni indimi zemewe. Indimi nyamukuru zigihugu ni Fulani, Yaoundé, Douala na Bamelek, zose zidafite inyandiko. Fulbe n'imiryango imwe n'imwe yo mu burengerazuba bemera Islam (hafi 20% by'abatuye igihugu); uduce two mu majyepfo no ku nkombe bemera Gatolika n'Abaporotesitanti (35%); mu gihugu imbere no mu turere twa kure baracyemera fetishism (45%).

Kameruni ifite ahantu heza h’imiterere n’imiterere karemano, hamwe nubutunzi bwinshi. Nkuko ikurikirana uturere tubiri tw’ikirere cy’amashyamba y’imvura n’uburinganire bw’ubushyuhe bwo mu turere dushyuha, ubushyuhe n’imvura birakwiriye cyane mu iterambere ry’ubuhinzi, kandi ntibihagije mu biribwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Kameruni izwi ku izina rya "Granary of Africa Central."

Agace k’amashyamba ka Kameruni karenga hegitari miliyoni 22, bingana na 42% byubuso bwigihugu. Ibiti ni Kameruni ya kabiri mu bicuruzwa byinjiza amadovize. Kameruni ikungahaye ku mutungo wa hydraulic, kandi umutungo wa hydraulic uhari ugera kuri 3% byumutungo w’amazi ku isi. Hano hari amabuye y'agaciro akungahaye.Hariho ubwoko burenga 30 bwamabuye y'agaciro yagaragaye munsi y'ubutaka, cyane cyane bauxite, rutile, cobalt na nikel. Mubyongeyeho, hariho zahabu, diyama, marble, hekeste, mika, nibindi.

Kameruni ihiriwe nubutunzi budasanzwe bwubukerarugendo, harimo inyanja nziza, amashyamba y’isugi yuzuye n’ikiyaga n’inzuzi bisukuye. Hano hari ahantu nyaburanga 381 hamwe n’ahantu 45 harinzwe h’ubwoko butandukanye mu gihugu hose.Ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa harimo pariki nyaburanga nka Benue, Waza na Bubaengida. Mu myaka yashize, buri mwaka ibihumbi amagana ba mukerarugendo b’abanyamahanga baza muri Kameruni.

Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ninkingi nkuru yubukungu bwigihugu cya Kameruni. Inganda nazo zifite umusingi nubunini runaka, kandi urwego rwinganda ruri mubambere muri Afrika yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara. Mu myaka yashize, ubukungu bwa Kameruni bwazamutse neza. Muri 2005, umuturage GDP yageze ku madolari 952.3 y'Amerika.

Yaoundé: Umurwa mukuru wa Kameruni, Yaounde (Yaounde) iherereye mu gace k'imisozi gaherereye mu majyepfo y'ibibaya byo hagati ya Kameruni, nko mu birometero 200 mu burengerazuba bw'icyambu cya Douala ku nkombe za Atlantike. Inzuzi za Sanaga na Niang zinyura mu mpande zacyo. Yaounde afite amateka maremare.Ubusanzwe yari umudugudu muto aho umuryango w'abasangwabutaka Ewando wabaga. Yaoundé yavuye mu mvugo ya Ewando. Abacukuzi b'ivya kera bavumbuye igice c'ibumba rya kera hamwe n'intoki n'imikindo y'intoki kuva mu 1100 BGC mu mva iri hafi. Umujyi wa Yaoundé wubatswe mu 1880. Mu 1889, Ubudage bwateye Kameruni bubaka ibirindiro bya mbere bya gisirikare hano. Mu 1907, Abadage bashinze inzego z'ubuyobozi hano, umujyi utangira gushingwa. Kameruni imaze kwigenga mu 1960, Yaoundé yagizwe umurwa mukuru.

Ingoro yumuco ifashwa nu Bushinwa nimwe mu nyubako nini mumujyi. Ingoro yumuco ihagaze hejuru yumusozi wa Chinga kandi izwi nka "Indabyo yubucuti". Ku wundi musozi uri mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'ingoro y'umuco, hari ingoro nshya ya perezida. Inyubako zombi zireba kure kandi zihinduka ahantu nyaburanga. "Isoko ry'abagore" muri uyu mujyi ni inyubako y'amagorofa atanu azenguruka. Benshi mu bacuruzi hano bitiriwe abagore. Ifite ubuso bwa metero kare 12.000. Hano hari amaduka 390 akorera muri iyo nyubako, kuva mu gitondo kugeza nimugoroba. Abantu benshi. Yongeye kubakwa hashingiwe ku isoko rya kera ry’akajagari.Ni ahantu hagomba gusurwa abagore bo mu rugo n’ahantu nyaburanga hakorerwa ba mukerarugendo.