Inani labemi baseChad zizigidi ezili-10.1 (njengoko kuqikelelwa yiKota yezoQoqosho yaseLondon ngo-2006). Zingaphezulu kwama-256 izizwe ezinkulu nezincinci kwilizwe liphela. Abahlali emantla, embindini nasempuma ikakhulu yi-Berber, Tubu, Vadai, Bagirmi, njl.nemvelaphi yama-Arabhu, ebalwa malunga ne-45% yabemi beli lizwe; abahlali kumazantsi nakumazantsi mpuma ikakhulu yiSara. , Masa, Kotoco, Mungdang, njl., Malunga ne-55% yabemi beli. Abahlali emazantsi basebenzisa ulwimi lwaseSudan iSarah, kwaye emantla, basebenzisa isiArabic esiChadisedized. IsiFrentshi nesiArabhu zombini ziilwimi ezisemthethweni. Abahlali abangama-44% bakholelwa kwi-Islam, i-33% bakholelwa ebuKristwini, kwaye i-23% bakholelwa kwinkolo yamandulo.

Iiyunithi zolawulo lwasekhaya eChad zahlulwe zangamanqanaba amane: isithili, iphondo, idolophu kunye nedolophana. Ilizwe lahlulwe langamaphondo angama-28, amazwe ali-107, izithili ezingama-470, kunye nemimandla yemveli engama-44. Idolophu elikomkhulu, i-N'Djamena, yeyecandelo lolawulo elizimeleyo.

IChad inembali ende, kwaye i "Sao Culture" yasekuqaleni yayiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendlu yobuncwane yenkcubeko yaseAfrika. Ngo-500 BC, ummandla osemazantsi weLake Chad uhlala. Ezinye izikumkani zamaSilamsi zamiselwa ngokulandelelana kwi-9th-10th century AD, kwaye i-Ganem-Bornu Kingdom yayiyeyona ndawo iphambili yamaSilamsi. Emva kwenkulungwane ye-16, ubukumkani baseBagirmi kunye neVadai babonakala ngathi bayalwa, kwaye kwabakho izizwe ezintathu ukusukela ngoko. Ukususela ngo-1883-1893, zonke izikumkani zanqotshwa yiSudan Bach-Zubair. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, abokoloniyali baseFrance baqala ukuhlasela bahlala kuwo wonke umhlaba ngo-1902. Yachongwa njengephondo le-French Equatorial Africa ngo-1910, yaze yabhengezwa njengeRiphabliki ezimeleyo ngaphakathi "koLuntu lwaseFrance" ngo-1958. Yafumana inkululeko ngoAgasti 11, 1960 yaseka iRiphabhlikhi yaseChad.

Iflegi yesizwe: Yixande kunye nomyinge wobude kububanzi be-3: 2. Umphezulu weflegi uqulethwe ngoxande abathathu abalinganayo nabalinganayo. Ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, tyheli, nobomvu. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ufuzisela isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, ithemba kunye nobomi, kwaye umela emazantsi eli lizwe; tyheli ifanekisela ilanga nomntla welizwe; bomvu luphawu lwenkqubela phambili, umanyano kunye nomoya wokuzinikela kwilizwe lomama.

IChad lilizwe lezolimo nelokulima kwaye lelinye lawona mazwe aphucukileyo kwihlabathi. Amanani aphambili ezoqoqosho ngo-2005 ami ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i-GDP ngomntu ngamnye yi-5.47 yezigidigidi zeedola zase-US, i-GDP nganye ngama-601 eedola zaseMelika, kwaye izinga lokukhula kwezoqoqosho ngama-5.9%. I-Chad lilizwe le-oyile elivelayo. Uphengululo lwePetroleum luqale ngeminyaka yoo-1970 kwaye lukhule ngokukhawuleza kutshanje. Iqula lokuqala lokuhlola lagrunjwa ngo-1974, kwafunyanwa i-oyile kwangalo nyaka, kwaye imveliso ye-oyile yaqala ngo-2003.

Iindawo eziphambili zabakhenkethi eChad ziyi-N'Djamena, iMondu, iFada-sisixeko esincinci esihle esinabemi abamalunga ne-5,000, indawo entle yedolophu, kunye namatye angaqhelekanga anembali engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-5 000. Imiqolomba igcwele imizobo inokubonwa kuyo yonke indawo. Ukongeza, kukho iFaya, iChibi iChad-eyona ndawo inomtsalane kukuba yindawo yokuhlala izilwanyana.Iziqithi ezidadayo echibini zihlala izilwanyana zasemanzini nasemhlabeni.Kukho iintlanzi ezininzi echibini. Iindidi ezingama-130.

Iidolophu eziphambili

I-N'Djamena: I-N'Djamena yidolophu enkulu kunye neyona dolophu inkulu yaseChad, eyayisaziwa njengeFort-Lamy, nge-5 kaSeptemba, 1973 Usuku lutshintshelwe kwigama langoku. Inani labemi ngamawaka angama-721 (aqikelelwa ku-2005). Obona bushushu buphezulu yi-44 ℃ (Epreli) kwaye elona liphantsi ngu-14 ℃ (Disemba). Ime kwicala lomantla mpuma lendibano yemilambo iLogong kunye neShali kumda osentshona. Indawo yeekhilomitha ezili-15 zesikwere. Abemi bamalunga nama-510,000. Imozulu yengca yetropiki, iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJanuwari ngama-23.9 ℃, kwaye iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJulayi ngama-27.8 ℃. Imvulophu yonyaka eyi-744 mm. Ngokwembali, yayisisikhululo sokurhweba esibalulekileyo seekharavani kumda osemazantsi entlango yaseSahara. IFransi yaseka isiseko semikhosi apha e1900 kwaye sayithiya ngokuba yiFort Lamy. Yaba likomkhulu lobukoloniyali ukusukela nge1920. I-Chad yaba likomkhulu emva kwenkululeko ngo-1960. Yathiywa ngokutsha ngo-1973.

I-N'Djamena liziko elikhulu lezorhwebo kunye nehabhu yezothutho. Uninzi lwamashishini amashishini asanda kwakhiwa kweli lizwe agxile, kubandakanya ukukhutshwa kweoyile enkulu, umgubo, ukuthungwa kwempahla kunye nenyama, kunye namashishini amancinci naphakathi afana nokwenza iswekile, ukwenza izihlangu kunye nokudibana kwebhayisikile. Kukho esona sixhobo sikhulu sombane i-N'Djamena elizweni. Iindlela zetrunk zidibanisa izixeko ezikhulu kwilizwe liphela kunye namazwe angabamelwane afana neNigeria. Esona sitishi sikhulu sothutho semilambo kunye nesona sikhululo seenqwelomoya samanye amazwe. Indawo yedolophu yedolophu sisihlalo seofisi zikarhulumente, ezineendlela ezime rhoqo ezitalatweni, ubukhulu becala izakhiwo zaseYurophu, iindawo zokuhlala zabantu baseNtshona, neehotele kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezintle. Isithili esisempuma sisithili senkcubeko kunye nezemfundo, kunye neDyunivesithi yaseChad kunye nezikolo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, kunye neemyuziyam, amabala emidlalo kunye nezibhedlele. Isithili saseMantla sinendawo enkulu, kwaye yindawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yorhwebo. Umntla-ntshona yindawo yefektri exheliweyo enkulu kunye nezityalo zokugcina ezibandayo, iindawo zokugcina ioyile, njl.

Inqaku elinomdla-iidolophana zabahlali beentlanga ezahlukeneyo eChad zahluke kancinane ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Uninzi lwezizwe ezisemantla zingoonothwal 'impahlana okanye abemi abangoonothwal' impahlana, kwaye iilali zincinci. Kumathafa asezantsi iilali zikhulu kakhulu kunaleyo isemantla, kodwa izakhiwo zilula kakhulu. Isinxibo sabahlali bazo zonke izizwe eChad ziyafana.Ngokuqhelekileyo, amadoda anxiba ibhulukhwe ekhululekileyo kunye neempahla ezikhululekileyo, enemikhono etyebe kakhulu. Izambatho eziqhelekileyo zabasetyhini ziingubo kunye neeshawuli.Banxiba ngokubanzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobucwebe.Amacici, izandla kunye namaqatha zezona zinto zihonjisiwe. Abafazi bamanye amaqela eentlanga banxiba umngxunya omncinci kwimpumlo yabo yasekunene kwaye banxibe izivatho zempumlo. Ukutya okuyintloko kwamaChadi kubandakanya iimveliso zomgubo omhlophe, umbona, amazimba, iimbotyi njalo njalo. Ukutya okungondliyo kubandakanya inyama yenkomo kunye nenyama yegusha, intlanzi, kunye nemifuno eyahlukeneyo.