I-China Imininingwane Eyisisekelo
| Isikhathi sendawo | Isikhathi sakho |
|---|---|
|
|
|
| Izoni yesikhathi yasendaweni | Umehluko wendawo |
| UTC/GMT +8 ihora |
| ububanzi / ubude |
|---|
| 34°40'5"N / 104°9'57"E |
| ukufaka ikhodi kwe-iso |
| CN / CHN |
| imali |
| Renminbi (CNY) |
| Ulimi |
| Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua based on the Beijing dialect) Yue (Cantonese) Wu (Shanghainese) Minbei (Fuzhou) Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese) Xiang Gan Hakka dialects minority languages |
| ugesi |
 |
| ifulegi lesizwe |
|---|
 |
| inhlokodolobha |
| IBeijing |
| uhlu lwamabhange |
| I-China uhlu lwamabhange |
| inani labantu |
| 1,330,044,000 |
| indawo |
| 9,596,960 KM2 |
| GDP (USD) |
| 9,330,000,000,000 |
| ifoni |
| 278,860,000 |
| Umakhalekhukhwini |
| 1,100,000,000 |
| Inani labasingathi be-Intanethi |
| 20,602,000 |
| Inani labasebenzisi be-Intanethi |
| 389,000,000 |
I-China isingeniso
|
I-China isengxenyeni esempumalanga yezwekazi lase-Asia nasogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Pacific Ocean, enendawo yomhlaba cishe engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-9.6. Insimu yaseChina idlula ngaphezu kwama-degree angama-49 ebangeni elisuka enhliziyweni yoMfula i-Heilongjiang enyakatho yoMfula iMohe enyakatho kuye eZengmu Shoal enqenqemeni eliseningizimu yeziQhingi zaseNansha eningizimu; kusukela lapho kuhlangana khona iMifula iHeilongjiang neWusuli empumalanga kuya ePamirs entshonalanga, ithatha ngaphezu kwama-degree angama-60 ebangeni. Ukusuka eningizimu kuye enyakatho, kusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga, ibanga lingamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-5000. Umngcele womhlaba waseChina ungamakhilomitha angama-22,800 ubude, ugu oluseningizimu lwamakhilomitha angaba ngu-18,000 ubude, kanti indawo yolwandle ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-4.73. IChina itholakala empumalanga ye-Asia, ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Pacific Ocean. Indawo yomhlaba ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-9.6, ugu olusempumalanga naseningizimu yezwekazi lungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-18,000, kanti indawo enamanzi olwandle olungaphakathi nezwe nolwandle olusemngceleni icishe ibe amakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-4.7. Kuneziqhingi ezinkulu nezincane ezingama-7,600 endaweni yolwandle, lapho isiQhingi saseTaiwan singesikhulu kunazo zonke esinendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-35,798. I-China inqamula amazwe ayi-14 futhi iseduze kwamazwe ayi-8 ngolwandle. Izigaba zokuphatha zezifundazwe zehlukaniswe ngomasipala abane ngqo ngaphansi kukaHulumeni Omkhulu, izifundazwe ezingama-23, izifunda ezi-5 ezizimele, izifunda ezi-2 zokuphatha ezikhethekile kanye nenhlokodolobha iBeijing. Isimo saseChina siphezulu entshonalanga futhi siphansi empumalanga.Izintaba, amathafa kanye namagquma kubalwa cishe indawo engama-67% yendawo yomhlaba, namabhishi namathafa acishe abe ngu-33% wendawo yomhlaba. Izintaba ikakhulu zisempumalanga-ntshonalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga-ntshonalanga, ikakhulukazi i-Altai, Tianshan, Kunlun, Karakoram, Himalayas, Yinshan, Qinling, Nanling, Daxinganling, Changbai, Taihang, Wuyi, Taiwan kanye nezintaba zaseHengduan. . Entshonalanga, kukhona iQinghai-Tibet Plateau, enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, enesilinganiso esiphakeme samamitha angaphezu kuka-4 000. Yaziwa ngokuthi "Uphahla Lomhlaba". INtaba i-Everest ingamamitha ayi-8,844.43 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, okuyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-Inner Mongolia, isifunda seXinjiang, iLoess Plateau, iSichuan Basin kanye neYunnan-Guizhou Plateau enyakatho nasempumalanga kuyisinyathelo sesibili sokwakheka komhlaba kwaseChina. Kunamathafa amaningi kanye namagquma avela empumalanga yeDaxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wu Mountain-Wuling Mountain-Xuefeng Mountain ogwini, okuyisinyathelo sesithathu. Ishalofu lamazwekazi elisempumalanga naseningizimu yolwandle liqukethe imithombo yolwandle eningi. I-China inomlando omude. Abantu baseYuanmou eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.7 edlule bangabantu bokuqala abaziwa eChina. Ekhulwini lama-21 BC, kwasungulwa i-Xia Dynasty, izwe lobugqila laseChina. Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ezalandela, abantu baseChina basebenzisa izikweletu zabo kanye nobuhlakani babo ukwenza impucuko yomlando namasiko, kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe, umnotho wezenhlalo, umcabango wokubhala, njll. Izimpumelelo ezinhle zenziwa maqondana nalokhu. Umlando wanamuhla waseChina umlando wokuthotshiswa nokwaliwa ngabantu baseChina. Kodwa-ke, abantu baseShayina abanesibindi nabanomusa balwa negazi futhi babhukuqa umbuso wobukhosi base basungula uhulumeni wentando yeningi. Ngo-1921, iqembu elikhulu lamaKhomanisi laseChina lazalwa, elalikhombisa umkhombandlela wenguquko yaseChina. Ngaphansi kobuholi beQembu lamaKhomanisi laseChina, abantu baseChina bahlula abahlukumezi baseJapan ngemuva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokumelana nobunzima futhi banqoba impi yenkululeko. Ngo-Okthoba 1, 1949, kwamenyezelwa iPeople's Republic of China eBeijing, okwakhomba ukungena kweChina esikhathini senguquko nasekwakheni ubusoshiyali. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50, iChinese Communist Party isihole abantu bezwe lonke ukuthi balandele indlela yentuthuko yobusoshiyali, baqhubeke ngokuthuthukisa umnotho wobusoshiyali, futhi baqhubeke nokwenza ngcono izindlela zokuphila zabantu. I-China yizwe elithuthuka kakhulu emhlabeni. Inani elikhulu labantu, izinsiza ezinganele ngokwanele, namandla okubuthaka kwezemvelo abuthakathaka yizimo eziyisisekelo zikazwelonke zaseChina kulesi sigaba, okunzima ukuzishintsha ngesikhathi esifushane. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1970, uhulumeni waseChina usebenzise ngokungagodli umgomo kazwelonke wokuhlela umndeni ezweni lonke futhi wasebenzisa indlela yentuthuko esimeme.Nezinhlanga eziningi eChina, nezinhlanga ezingama-56 zinezici zazo, ziyahlangana, futhi ngokuhlanganyela zikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kobusoshiyali. < "IBeijing" ngamafuphi, iyinhloko-dolobha yasePeople's Republic of China, isikhungo sezepolitiki namasiko aseChina, kanye nesikhungo sokuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba. Indawo yaseBeijing iphezulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga futhi iphansi eningizimu-mpumalanga. Intshonalanga, enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga izungezwe izintaba ezinhlangothini ezintathu, kanti eningizimu-mpumalanga ithafa elixegisa kancane libheke oLwandle iBohai. IBeijing ingeyesimo sezulu esifudumele esiphakathi nendawo esifudumele, ezinezinkathi ezine ezihlukile, intwasahlobo emfushane nekwindla, nobusika obude nehlobo. IBeijing iyidolobha lakubo "iBeijing Ape Man" edumile. Inomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 000 yokwakhiwa kwedolobha ngemibhalo nangezinsalela zamasiko.Kwake kwaba yinhlokodolobha yamakhosi aseLiao, eJin, Yuan, Ming naseQing. Ngo-Okthoba 1, 1949, kwasungulwa iPeople's Republic of China, kanti iBeijing isibe yinhloko-dolobha yasePeople's Republic of China kanye nesikhungo sezepolitiki, isikhungo samasiko kanye nesikhungo sokushintshisana ngamazwe ngamazwe. IBeijing's Forbidden City, Great Wall, iZhoukoudian Ape Man Site, Temple of Heaven, neSummer Palace zibalwe njenge-World Cultural Heritage yi-United Nations. IBeijing inezinsizakusebenza zokuvakasha ezicebile, ezinokuheha izivakashi ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezivulekele umhlaba wangaphandle, kufaka phakathi isigodlo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iForbidden City, iThempeli laseZulwini, iRoyal Garden Beihai, iRoyal Garden Summer Palace, neBadaling, iMutianyu, neSimatai Great Walls. Kanye nendlu yegceke enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iPrince Gong's Mansion nezinye izindawo ezinomlando. Kunezinsalela zamasiko ezingama-7309 nezindawo ezinomlando kuleli dolobha, kufaka phakathi amayunithi wokuvikela izinsalela zamasiko angama-42 kanye namayunithi wokuvikela izinsalela zamasiko angama-222. Inhlokodolobha yesifundazwe saseGuangdong, isikhungo sezepolitiki, ezomnotho, ezobuchwepheshe, ezemfundo nezamasiko esifundazweni saseGuangdong. IGuangzhou iseningizimu yezwekazi iChina, engxenyeni eseningizimu emaphakathi nesifundazwe saseGuangdong, onqenqemeni olusenyakatho nePearl River Delta, futhi iseduze nomlomo wezindawo eziphansi zePearl River Basin. Njengoba iPearl River Estuary ineziqhingi eziningi nemifula eminyene, iHumen, iJiaomen, iHongqimen neminye imigwaqo yamanzi iya olwandle, okwenza iGuangzhou ibe ichweba elihle kakhulu lokuthunyelwa kolwandle lwaseChina kanye nechweba lokungenisa nokuthekelisa ePearl River Basin. IGuangzhou futhi iyinhlanganisela yezitimela zikaBeijing-Guangzhou, Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Guangmao kanye neGuangmei-Shan kanye nesikhungo sezokuthutha sezindiza eSouth China.Sinobudlelwano obusondelene kakhulu nazo zonke izingxenye zezwe. Ngakho-ke, iGuangzhou yaziwa njenge "South Gate" yaseChina. IGuangzhou isendaweni eseningizimu yetropropical, kanti isimo sayo sezulu siyisimo sezulu sasolwandle esivamile endaweni eseningizimu yetropropical. Ngenxa yezintaba nolwandle, izici zesimo sezulu sasolwandle zibaluleke kakhulu, ngokufudumele nemvula, ukukhanya nokushisa okwanele, umehluko omncane wamazinga okushisa, ihlobo elide nezikhathi zesithwathwa esifushane. Imfundo ephakeme, umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe bezokuvikela kuzwelonke kanye nesisekelo semboni ephezulu. IXi'an itholakala eGuanzhong Basin maphakathi ne-Yellow River Basin.Umehluko ekuphakameni kwedolobha kuphakeme kakhulu emadolobheni ezweni. Indawo yaseXi'an yaziwa njenge- "Eight Waters Around Chang'an" kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ukuthuthuka kwezintambo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesakhiwo kunikeza izimo ezincomekayo zokwakhiwa kwezinsizakusebenza ezahlukahlukene zamaminerali. Indawo ethafeni laseXi'an inendawo efudumele enesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu esinezikhukhula ezinamanzi amancane, ezinezinkathi ezine ezihlukile: kubanda, kufudumele, komile futhi kumanzi. IXi'an icebile ngezinsizakusebenza zamasiko nezokuvakasha futhi manje isibe ngelinye lamadolobha izivakashi adumile eChina. |