Iraq, the full name of the Republic of Iraq, is located in southwest Asia and northeast of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers an area of ​​441,839 square kilometers (including 924 square kilometers of water and 3,522 square kilometers of Iraqi and Saudi neutral areas). It borders Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Syria and Jordan to the west, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait to the south, and the Persian Gulf to the southeast. The coastline is 60 kilometers long. The width of the territorial sea is 12 nautical miles. The southwest is part of the Arabian Plateau, sloping towards the eastern plain; the northeast is the Kurdish mountains, the west is the desert zone, between the plateau and the mountains is the Mesopotamian Plain, which accounts for most of the country, and most of them are less than 100 meters above sea level. The Euphrates River and the Tigris River run through the entire territory from northwest to southeast. The two rivers merge into the Xiatai Arabian River at Khulna, which flows into the Persian Gulf. The mountainous area in the northeast has a Mediterranean climate, and the rest are tropical desert climates. The highest temperature in summer is above 50℃, and in winter it is around 0℃. The amount of rainfall is relatively small. The annual average rainfall is 100-500 mm from south to north, and 700 mm in the northern mountains.

Iraq is divided into 18 provinces with counties, townships, and villages. The 18 provinces are: Anbar, Arbil, Babil, Muthanna, Baghdad, Najaf, Basrah, Nineveh neineva, dhi qar, qadisiyah, diyala, salahuddin, dohuk, sulaymaniyah, kalba Pull (karbala), Tameem (tameem), Misan (misan), Wasit (wasit).

Iraq has a long history. The Mesopotamia is one of the birthplaces of ancient civilizations in the world. City-states appeared in 4700 BC. In 2000 BC, the Babylonian Kingdom, the Assyrian Empire, and the Post-Babylonian Kingdom, known as one of the "Four Ancient Civilizations", were successively established. The Persian Empire was destroyed in 550 BC. It was annexed by the Arab Empire in the 7th century. Ruled by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. In 1920, it became the British "mandate area." In August 1921, independence was declared, the Kingdom of Iraq was established, and the Faisal Dynasty was established under British protection. Gained complete independence in 1932. The Republic of Iraq was established in 1958.

Iraq has a population of about 23.58 million (estimated by the International Monetary Fund in mid-2001), of which Arabs account for about 73% of the country’s total population, Kurds account for about 21%, and the rest are Turks and Armenians , Assyrians, Jews and Iranians etc. The official language is Arabic, the official language of the northern Kurdish region is Kurdish, and some tribes in the eastern region speak Persian. General English. Iraq is an Islamic country. Islam is the state religion. 95% of the people in the country believe in Islam. Shia Muslims account for 54.5% and Sunni Muslims account for 40.5%. Kurds in the north also believe in Islam. Most of them are inferior. There are only a few people who believe in Christianity or Judaism.

Iraq is blessed with unique geographical conditions and rich in oil and natural gas resources. It has proven oil reserves of 112.5 billion barrels. It is the second largest oil storage country in the world after Saudi Arabia. It has been established in OPEC and the world. The total proved oil reserves accounted for 15.5% and 14% respectively. Iraq's natural gas reserves are also very rich, accounting for 2.4% of the world's total proven reserves.

Iraq’s arable land accounts for 27.6% of the total land area, and agricultural land relies heavily on surface water, mainly concentrated in the Mesopotamian plain between the Tigris and Euphrates. The agricultural population accounts for one third of the total population of the country. The main crops are wheat, barley, dates, etc. The grain cannot be self-sufficient. There are more than 33 million date palm trees nationwide, with an average annual output of about 6.3 million tons of dates. The main tourist spots in Iraq include the ruins of Ur city (2060 BC), the remains of the Assyrian Empire (910 BC) and the ruins of Hartle City (commonly known as "Sun City"). Babylon, 90 kilometers southwest of Baghdad, is the world The famous ancient city ruins, the "Sky Garden" is listed as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. In addition, Seleucia and Nineveh along the Tigris River are all famous ancient cities in Iraq.

A long history has created a splendid Iraqi culture. Today, there are many historical sites in Iraq. Seleucia, Nineveh and Assyria along the Tigris River are all famous ancient cities in Iraq. Babylon, located on the right bank of the Euphrates River, 90 kilometers southwest of Baghdad, is the birthplace of human civilization as famous as ancient China, India, and Egypt. The popular "Sky Garden" is listed as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Baghdad, the capital of Iraq with a history of more than 1,000 years, is a microcosm of its splendid culture. As early as the 8th to 13th centuries AD, Baghdad became the political and economic center of West Asia and the Arab world and a gathering place for scholars. Universities include Baghdad, Basra, Mosul and other universities.

Baghdad: Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, is located in central Iraq and straddles the Tigris River. It covers an area of ​​860 square kilometers and has a population of 5.6 million (2002). Political, economic, religious and cultural center. The word Baghdad comes from ancient Persian and means "a place bestowed by God". Baghdad has a long history. In 762 AD, Baghdad was chosen as the capital by Mansour, the second generation of the Abbasid Caliph, and named the "City of Peace". In the center of the city is the "Golden Palace" of Mansour, surrounded by pavilions and pavilions of royal and prominent figures. Because the city is built within a circular city wall, it is also called "Tuancheng".

From the eighth century to the thirteenth century, with the continuous expansion and development of Baghdad, its urban area gradually formed a pattern that straddled the east and west banks of the Tigris River, connected by five bridges built successively. During this period, not only buildings with the Arab national style rose from the ground, but also gold and silver utensils, cultural relics and antiques from all over the world were available, and it was hailed as a city of museums. It is said that the world-famous Arabic "One Thousand and One Nights" began to spread from this period. Famous doctors, mathematicians, geographers, astrologers and alchemists from all over the world gathered here, forming a gathering place for scholars and scholars, leaving a glorious page in the history of human civilization.

Baghdad has a developed economy and owns 40% of the country’s industry. There are urban industries based on oil refining, textiles, tanning, papermaking and food; railways, highways and aviation constitute the three-dimensional transportation of Baghdad by land and air. The business here is prosperous, with not only modern shopping malls, but also ancient Arab shops.

Baghdad has a profound cultural heritage and is a veritable ancient cultural capital. There is a'wisdom palace built in the ninth century with an observatory and a library; Mustancilia University, one of the oldest universities in the world, built in 1227; and Baghdad University, which is second only to Cairo University in size and has 15 colleges . There are also dozens of museums in Iraq, Baghdad, military, nature and weapons, which can be called the most in the major cities in the Middle East.