Iraq, dzina lonse la Republic of Iraq, lili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Arabia Peninsula. Imakhala ndi malo okwana ma kilomita 441,839 (kuphatikiza 924 ma kilomita lalikulu lamadzi ndi ma 3,522 ma kilomita aku Iraq ndi Saudi osalowerera ndale). Imadutsa Turkey kumpoto, Iran kum'mawa, Syria ndi Jordan kumadzulo, Saudi Arabia ndi Kuwait kumwera, ndi Persian Gulf kumwera chakum'mawa. Mphepete mwa nyanja ndi makilomita 60 kutalika. Kutalika kwa nyanja yamtunda ndi 12 nautical miles. Kumwera chakumadzulo kuli gawo la mapiri a Arabia, omwe amatsetsereka kuchigwa chakum'mawa; kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi dera lamapiri la Kurdish, ndipo kumadzulo kuli dera la chipululu. Pakati pa mapiri ndi phirili pali chigwa cha Mesopotamiya, chomwe chimakhala gawo lalikulu la dzikolo, ndipo gawo lake lalikulu ndi lochepera mita 100 kuchokera kunyanja. Mtsinje wa Firate ndi Tigris umadutsa gawo lonse kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa.Mitsinje iwiri imalumikizana ndi Xiatai Arabian River ku Khulna, womwe umadutsa ku Persian Gulf. Dera lamapiri kumpoto chakum'mawa lili ndi nyengo ya Mediterranean, ndipo enawo ndi nyengo zam'chipululu zotentha. Kutentha kwambiri m'nyengo yotentha kumakhala kopitilira 50 ℃, ndipo nthawi yozizira kumakhala pafupifupi 0 ℃. Kuchuluka kwa mvula ndiyochepa. Mvula yapakati pachaka imakhala 100-500 mm kuchokera kumwera mpaka kumpoto, ndi 700 mm kumapiri akumpoto.

Iraq yagawidwa m'zigawo 18 ndi zigawo, matauni, ndi midzi. Madera 18 ndi awa: Anbar, Arbil, Babil, Muthanna, Baghdad, Najaf, Basrah, Nineve neineva, dhi qar, qadisiyah, diyala, salahuddin, dohuk, sulaymaniyah, kalba Kokani (karbala), Tameem (tameem), Misan (misan), Wasit (wasit).

Iraq ili ndi mbiri yakalekale.Mesopotamiya ndi amodzi mwamalo obadwira azikhalidwe zakale padziko lapansi.Mizinda-mizinda idawonekera mu 4700 BC. Mu 2000 BC, Ufumu wa Babulo, Ufumu wa Asuri, ndi Ufumu wa Pambuyo pa Babulo, wodziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa "Zakale Zakale Zakale", adakhazikitsidwa motsatizana. Ufumu wa Perisiya udawonongedwa mu 550 BC. Idalumikizidwa ndi Ufumu wa Aluya m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri. Analamulidwa ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman m'zaka za zana la 16th. Mu 1920, idakhala "dera" la Britain. Mu Ogasiti 1921, ufulu udalengezedwa, Ufumu wa Iraq udakhazikitsidwa, ndipo Mzera wa Faisal udakhazikitsidwa motsogozedwa ndi Britain. Anapeza ufulu wonse mu 1932. Republic of Iraq idakhazikitsidwa ku 1958.

Iraq ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 23.58 miliyoni (akuyerekezedwa ndi International Monetary Fund mkatikati mwa 2001), pomwe ma Arab amawerengera pafupifupi 73% ya anthu mdzikolo, Kurds amawerengera pafupifupi 21%, ndipo ena onse ndi Aturuki ndi Armenia , Asuri, Ayuda ndi aku Irani etc. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Chiarabu, chilankhulo chachikulu kumpoto kwa Kurdish ndi Kurdish, ndipo mafuko ena akum'mawa amalankhula Persian. Chingerezi Chachikulu. Iraq ndi dziko lachisilamu.Chisilamu ndichipembedzo chaboma.Anthu 95% mdziko muno amakhulupirira Chisilamu.Asilamu achiShia amawerengera 54.5% ndipo Asilamu achiSunni amakhala 40.5% .Akurdi kumpoto nawonso amakhulupirira Chisilamu. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi otsika. Pali anthu ochepa okha amene amakhulupirira Chikhristu kapena Chiyuda.

Iraq ili ndi madera osiyanasiyana ndipo ili ndi mafuta ndi gasi wambiri. Mafuta onse omwe atsimikiziridwa amakhala ndi 15.5% ndi 14% motsatana. Malo osungira gasi achilengedwe a Iraq alinso olemera kwambiri, akuwerengera 2.4% yazosungidwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Malo olimapo a ku Iraq ndi 27.6% ya nthaka yonse.Munda waulimi umadalira kwambiri madzi apamtunda, makamaka m'chigwa cha Mesopotamiya pakati pa Tigirisi ndi Firate. Chiwerengero cha anthu olima chimakhala gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa anthu onse mdziko muno. Zokolola zazikulu ndi tirigu, balere, zipatso za njere, ndi zina zotero. Njerezo sizingakhale zokwanira. Pali mitengo ya kanjedza yopitilira 33 miliyoni m'dziko lonselo, ndipo pachaka pamakhala pafupifupi matani 6.3 miliyoni. Malo oyendera alendo ku Iraq akuphatikizapo mabwinja a mzinda wa Uri (2060 BC), zotsalira za Ufumu wa Asuri (910 BC) ndi mabwinja a Hartle City (omwe amadziwika kuti "Sun City"). Babulo, makilomita 90 kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Baghdad, ndiye dziko Mabwinja akale odziwika mumzinda, "Sky Garden" adatchulidwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri zodabwitsa mdziko lakale. Kuphatikiza apo, Seleucia ndi Nineve pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Tigris yonse ndi mizinda yakale yotchuka ku Iraq.

Mbiri yakale yapanga chikhalidwe chabwino kwambiri cha Iraq. Masiku ano, kuli malo ambiri odziwika ku Iraq.Seleucia, Nineve ndi Asuri m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Tigris ndi mizinda yakale yotchuka ku Iraq. Babulo, yomwe ili pagombe lamanja la Mtsinje wa Firate, makilomita 90 kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Baghdad, ndi malo obadwira chitukuko cha anthu chotchuka monga China wakale, India, ndi Egypt. "Sky Garden" yotchuka ndi imodzi mwazinthu Zisanu ndi ziwiri Zapadziko Lonse Lapansi. Baghdad, likulu la Iraq lokhala ndi mbiri yoposa zaka 1,000, ndi kachikhalidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka chikhalidwe chawo chokongola.M'zaka zam'ma 8 mpaka 13 AD, Baghdad idakhala likulu lazandale komanso zachuma ku West Asia ndi dziko lachiarabu komanso malo osonkhanira akatswiri. Mayunivesite akuphatikizapo Baghdad, Basra, Mosul ndi mayunivesite ena.

Baghdad : Baghdad, likulu la Iraq, lili pakatikati pa Iraq ndipo likuyenda mumtsinje wa Tigris. Ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 860 ndipo lili ndi anthu 5.6 miliyoni (2002). Ndale, zachuma, zachipembedzo komanso chikhalidwe. Mawu oti Baghdad amachokera ku Persian wakale, kutanthauza "malo operekedwa ndi Mulungu". Baghdad ndi mbiri yakale. Mu 762 AD, Baghdad adasankhidwa kukhala likulu ndi Mansour, m'badwo wachiwiri wa Abbasid Caliph, ndipo adatcha "Mzinda Wamtendere". Pakatikati mwa mzindawu muli "Nyumba Yachifumu Yachifumu" ya Mansour, yozunguliridwa ndi mahema ndi mahema apamwamba achifumu komanso odziwika. Chifukwa mzindawu umamangidwa mkati mwa khoma lozungulira mzindawu, umatchedwanso "Tuancheng".

Kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu mpaka zaka za zana la 13 AD, ndikukula ndikupitilira kwa Baghdad, madera akumatauniwo pang'onopang'ono adapanga gawo loyenda kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa mtsinje wa Tigris. Magombe akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo adalumikizidwa ndi milatho isanu yomangidwa motsatizana. Munthawi imeneyi, sizinyumba zokha zokhala ndi kalembedwe kadziko lachiarabu zidakwera pansi, komanso ziwiya zagolide ndi siliva, zotsalira zachikhalidwe ndi zotsalira zochokera padziko lonse lapansi zidalipo, ndipo adatamandidwa ngati mzinda wamamyuziyamu. Zimanenedwa kuti Chiarabu chotchuka padziko lonse "One Thousand and One Nights" chidayamba kufalikira kuyambira nthawi imeneyi. Madokotala odziwika bwino, masamu, akatswiri a malo, okhulupirira nyenyezi ndi akatswiri azamisili ochokera konsekonse padziko lapansi adasonkhana pano, ndikupanga malo osonkhanitsira akatswiri ndi akatswiri, kusiya tsamba lowala m'mbiri yachitukuko cha anthu.

Baghdad ili ndi chuma chotukuka ndipo ili ndi 40% yamakampani mdziko muno. Pali mafakitale akumatawuni otengera kuyenga mafuta, nsalu, kufufuta, kupanga papepala ndi chakudya; njanji, misewu yayikulu komanso ndege zimayendetsa magawo atatu a Baghdad pamtunda ndi mlengalenga. Bizinesi pano ndiyabwino, osati ndi malo ogulitsira amakono okha, komanso malo ogulitsira akale achiarabu.

Baghdad ili ndi chikhalidwe chambiri ndipo ndiye likulu lakale lakale. Pali nyumba yachifumu yomangidwa m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi yokhala ndi malo owonera ndi laibulale; Yunivesite ya Mustancilia, imodzi mwasukulu zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomangidwa ku 1227; ndi Baghdad University, yomwe ndi yachiwiri ku Cairo University kukula ndipo ili ndi makoleji a 15 . Palinso malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ku Iraq, Baghdad, asitikali, zachilengedwe ndi zida, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zitha kuonedwa ngati mizinda yofunika kwambiri ku Middle East.