Portugal, the full name of the Portuguese Republic, covers an area of ​​91,900 square kilometers (December 2005). Located in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. It borders Spain to the east and north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. The coastline is more than 800 kilometers long. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, mostly mountains and hills. The northern part is the Meseta Plateau; the central mountain area has an average elevation of 800 to 1,000 meters, and the Estrela peak is 1991 meters above sea level; the south and west are hills and coastal plains respectively. The main rivers are Tejo, Douro (322 kilometers through the territory) and Montego. The north has a maritime temperate broad-leaved forest climate, and the south has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. The average temperature is 7-11℃ in January and 20-26℃ in July. The average annual precipitation is 500-1000 mm.

The country is divided into 18 administrative regions, namely: Lisbon, Porto, Coimbra, Viañado Castro, Braga, Villaril, Bragança, Guarana Erda, Leiria, Aveiro, Viseu, Santarem, Évora, Faro, Castello Blanco, Portalegre, Beja, Situbal. There are also two autonomous regions, Madeira and Azores.

Portugal is one of the ancient European countries. Long under the rule of the Romans, Germans and Moors. It became an independent kingdom in 1143. In the 15th and 16th centuries, it began to expand overseas and successively established a large number of colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, becoming a maritime power. It was annexed by Spain in 1580 and freed from Spanish rule in 1640. In 1703 it became a British subject. In 1820, Portuguese constitutionalists launched a revolution to expel British troops. The First Republic was established in 1891. The Second Republic was established in October 1910. Participated in the Allies during the First World War. In May 1926, the Second Republic was overthrown and a military government was established. In 1932, Salazar became prime minister and established a fascist dictatorship in Portugal. In April 1974, the "Armed Forces Movement" composed of a group of middle and lower-level officers overthrew the ultra-right regime that had ruled Portugal for more than 40 years and began the process of democratization.

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 3:2. The flag surface is composed of two parts: left, green and right. The green part is a vertical rectangle, and the red part is close to a square, and its area is one and a half times the size of the green part. The national emblem of Portugal is painted in the middle of the red and green lines. The red color expresses the celebration of the establishment of the Second Republic in 1910, and the green color expresses homage to Prince Henry, known as the "Navigator".

Portugal has a population of over 10.3 million (2005). More than 99% of them are Portuguese, and the rest are Spanish. The official language is Portuguese. More than 97% of residents believe in Catholicism.

Portugal is a relatively developed country with a gross national product of 176.629 billion U.S. dollars in 2006, with a per capita value of 16,647 U.S. dollars. Portugal is rich in mineral resources, mainly tungsten, copper, pyrite, uranium, hematite, magnetite and marble. Tungsten reserves are the first in Western Europe. The main industrial sectors include textiles, clothing, food, paper, cork, electronic equipment, ceramics, and wine making. The Portuguese service industry has developed rapidly, and the proportion of its output value in the national economy and the proportion of this industry in the total employed population has approached the level of developed countries in Europe. The forest area is 3.6 million hectares, accounting for 1/3 of the country's land area. Its softwood output accounts for more than half of the world's total output, and its export ranks first in the world, so it is called the "Cork Kingdom". Portugal is one of the main wine producing countries in the world, and Porto in the north is a famous wine producing area. Portuguese tomato sauce is famous in Europe and is the largest supplier in the European market. Portugal's marine fishing industry is relatively developed, mainly fishing sardines, tuna, and cod.

Portugal is beautiful and picturesque, with ancient buildings such as castles, palaces, and museums everywhere. There are more than 800 kilometers of coastline on the west and south sides, and there are many fine sand beaches. Most of it has a Mediterranean climate. Tourism is an important source of Portugal’s foreign exchange income and an important means to make up for the deficit in foreign trade. The main tourist attractions are Lisbon, Faro, Porto, Madeira, etc. Each year it receives more foreign tourists than its population. The annual tourism income in 2005 Over 6 billion euros have become an important source of foreign exchange income.

Lisbon: Lisbon is the capital of the Portuguese Republic and the largest port city in Portugal, located at the westernmost point of the European continent. It covers an area of ​​82 square kilometers. The population is 535,000 (1999). Sintra Mountain is north of Lisbon. The Tejo River, the largest river in Portugal, flows into the Atlantic Ocean through the southern part of the city. Affected by the warm Atlantic current, Lisbon has a good climate, without freezing in winter and not hot in summer. The average temperature in January and February is 8℃, and the average temperature in July and August is 26℃. Most of the year, it is sunny, warm and comfortable.

Lisbon had human settlements in prehistoric times. In 1147, the first king of Portugal, Alfonso I, captured Lisbon. In 1245, Lisbon became the capital and trade center of the Kingdom of Portugal.

Lisbon’s landscaping work is very good. There are 250 parks and gardens in the city, with an area of ​​1,400 hectares of lawns and green areas. On both sides of the road there are trees such as pine, palm, bodhi, lemon, olive and fig. The city is always green all year round, with flowers in full bloom, just like a large charming and fragrant garden. Lisbon is surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the entire city is distributed on 6 small hills. From a distance, the red-tiled houses with different shades and shades of green trees complement each other, and the scenery is very beautiful.

There are many monuments and monuments in Lisbon. The Belém Tower, located on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean, was built in the early 16th century. When the tide is high, it seems to float on the water and the scenery is beautiful. The Jeronimos Monastery in front of the tower is a typical Manuel-style architecture popular in the early 16th century. It is magnificent and beautifully carved. There is a cemetery of famous nationals in the courtyard, where the Portuguese navigator Da Gama and the famous poet Camo Anz were buried here.

Lisbon is the nation’s transportation hub and the largest port in Portugal. The port area extends for 14 kilometers, and 60% of the country's import and export goods are loaded and unloaded here. The traffic in Lisbon is dominated by cars and subways. The subway was put into use in 1959, with 20 stations and an annual passenger volume of 132 million passengers. In addition, there are cable cars and lift trucks running on the hills of the city.

Lisbon’s tourism industry has played an important role in promoting the development of the capital into a modern city. The beautiful beach on the western Atlantic coast of Lisbon is a famous tourist area in Portugal, attracting more than 1 million tourists from all over the world every year. Lisbon has become the largest tourist city in Portugal.